7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees KEY CONCEPT A combination of methods is used to study human...
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Transcript of 7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees KEY CONCEPT A combination of methods is used to study human...
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7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees
KEY CONCEPT A combination of methods is used to study human genetics.
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7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees
Human genetics follows the patterns seen in other organisms.
• The basic principles of genetics are the same in all sexually reproducing organisms.– Inheritance of many
humantraits is complex.
– Single-gene traits areimportant in understandinghuman genetics.
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7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees
Females can carry sex-linked genetic disorders.
• Males (XY) express all of their sex linked genes.• Expression of the disorder depends on which parent
carries the allele and the sex of the child.
XY
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7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees
A pedigree is a chart for tracing genes in a family.
• Phenotypes are used to infer genotypes on a pedigree.• Autosomal genes show different patterns on a pedigree
than sex-linked genes.
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7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees
• If the phenotype is more common in males, the gene is likely sex-linked.
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7.4 Human Genetics and PedigreesSeveral methods help map human chromosomes.
• A karyotype is a picture of all chromosomes in a cell.
X Y
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7.4 Human Genetics and Pedigrees
• Karyotypes can show changes in chromosomes. – deletion of part of a chromosome or loss of a
chromosome– large changes in chromosomes– extra chromosomes or duplication of part of a
chromosome