70770 Bioethanol Technologies in Africa Presentation B.batidzirai
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Transcript of 70770 Bioethanol Technologies in Africa Presentation B.batidzirai
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Bioethanol Technologies in Africa
Bothwell Batidzirai
UNIDO/AU/Brazil First High-
Level Biofuels Seminar in
Africa (30 July1 August 2007)
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Contents
Overview
Drivers of bioethanol fuel
African experiences Lessons learnt
Barrier analysis
Action plan
Conclusions
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Key Drivers of Bioethanol
Energy security
Reduction of oil imports High oil prices
Environmental commitments
Rural development opportunities Diversification of agricultural industries
Lead/MTBE phase out programs
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Global Ethanol Production
Ethanol productiondoubled to 46 Gl in 2000-2005
Projected to 60-75 Gl in2010
Growth mainly in US,Brazil, China
13 countries using ethanolfuel in 2003
At least 30 countrieshave/plan to introduceethanol fuel programs
Sugarcane Maize Wheat, beet
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Bioethanol costs by feedstock
Source: Davis, 2007
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Ethanol production in AfricaCountry Annual production (million litres)
Egypt 30
Kenya 15
Mauritius 23
Nigeria 30
South Africa 410
Swaziland 13
Zimbabwe 25
Other Africa 92
Total 638
Malawi ~ 18 Ml/yr
Source:FOL
ichts,
2007
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Bioethanol experiences in
Africa Blending programmes
Zimbabweblending from 1980-1992
Malawi
blending since 1982 Kenyablending since 1983-1993
New programmes South Africanew programme in 2007
Ethiopia
E5 mandate in Addis in 2007
NigeriaBrazil partnership to create BioCity
Sudannew programme in 2007
Pan African Cassava Initiative
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Zimbabwe ethanol program
Motivation Sanctions, security of supply, saving foreign currency,
low sugar prices Success factors
Public-private partnership
Local material (60%), construction and labour
Well developed agriculture & industry Clear pricing policy
Well planned implementation strategy
Food-fuel dilemma not critical (sugar export crop)
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Zimbabwe ethanol program
Annexed distillery at Triangle (40 Ml pa)
Blending at 13-18%
1992 drought reduced feedstock drastically
Resuscitation attempts failed
Economic reforms favoured export of ethanol
Triangle maximised sugar production for export
Current plans to resuscitate blending in 2007
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Malawi ethanol program
Motivation
Costly imports, security of supply (regional instability)
Success factors Clear & consistent policies including incentives &
competitive pricing
Steady availability of feedstock
Availability of irrigation water (Lake Malawi)
Dwangwa plant produces 15-20Ml pa since 1982 Plant cost $8mln, savings $32mln (1982-1990)
Blending at 15-22%
New plant at Nchalo with capacity of 12 Ml pa
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New Ethanol Fuel Initiatives
South Africa Ethanol from maize programme (155 Ml pa)
Mandatory E10 blending legislation pending
Biofuels strategy being developed
Nigeria
Using Brazilian model & partnership to start bioethanolprogramme
Presidential Initiative on Cassava & ethanol from
cassava plant in Niger with China
Ethiopia: Staggered E5 blending programme starting withAddis
Sudan:New 10-year sugar strategy include 250 Mlethanol plant at Eljazeera
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Lessons Learnt
Government support critical (not control)
Clear, consistent, sustained policies
Capital and pricing incentives Close public-private partnership
Supportive institutional framework
Local construction & early capacity building
Simple designs & avoiding too rapid expansion
Sustained feedstock availability
Preparedness for weather induced feedstock shortages
Comprehensive program of action
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Barriers
Lack of clear, consistent long term policies
Lack of government support
Lack of supportive institutional framework
Lack of technical expertise Capital intensive nature of projects
Lack of access to affordable finance
Arable land and water availability (droughts)
Limited availability of feedstock
Competition with food production
Market uncertainty due to fluctuating oil, sugar
prices
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Action plan
Capacity building Stakeholder awareness raising on benefits,
opportunities, technologies, policies
Awareness raising on project development, financing
strategies Technical expertise development
Training in sustainable feedstock production
Training in equipment fabrication, civil works ,
production and maintenance Training in biotechnologies and yield improvement
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Action Plan
Policy development Establish a consultative industry strategy
Develop implementation plan incl institutional structure
Develop supporting policies e.g incentives &
supporting regulatory framework Establish pricing formula for ethanol
Research, Development & Demonstration Develop bioethanol research programme
Conduct long term research on feedstocks, technologies
Establish continuous market and policy review
International knowledge sharing Establish international knowledge sharing forum
Promote joint RD&D
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Conclusions
Enormous potential for bioethanol fuel
Significant benefits already demonstrated
Government support critical to project success
Mandates and incentives important for markettransformation
Clear & consistent policy framework important
Need for ensuring & monitoring sustainability ofprograms w.r.t food-fuel dilemma, maintainingenvironmental integrity