6english Sound System

8/12/2019 6english Sound System

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ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM

VOWEL SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS

1) Vowels and vowel combinations

The vowels A, E, I, O, U, Y alone, in combination with one another or with R, W

represent different vowel sounds. The chart below lists the vowel sounds according to

the American variant of pronunciation.

Sounds Letters Examples Notes

[i:] e, ee

ea

ie, ei

be, eve, see, meet, sleep,

meal, read, leave, sea, team,

field, believe, receive

been [i];

bread, deaf [e];

great, break [ei];

friend [e]

[i] i

y

it, kiss, tip, pick, dinner,

system, busy, pity, sunny

machine, ski,

liter, pizza [i:]

[e] e

ea

let, tell, press, send, end,

bread, dead, weather, leather

meter [i:]

sea, mean [i:]

[ei] a

ai, ay

ei, ey

ea

late, make, race, able, stable,

aim, wait, play, say, day,

eight, weight, they, hey,

break, great, steak

said, says [e];

height, eye [ai]

[] a cat, apple, land, travel, mad;

AmE: last, class, dance, castle,

half

[a:] ar

a

army, car, party, garden, park,

father, calm, palm, drama;

BrE: last, class, dance, castle,

half

war, warm [o:]

[ai] i, ie

y, uy

ice, find, smile, tie, lie, die,

my, style, apply, buy, guy

[au] ou

ow

out, about, house, mouse,

now, brown, cow, owl, powder

group, soup [u:]

know, own [ou]


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[o] o not, rock, model, bottle, copy

[o:] or

o

aw, au

ought

al, wa-

more, order, cord, port,

long, gone, cost, coffee,

law, saw, pause, because,

bought, thought, caught,

hall, always, water, war, want

work, word [r]

[oi] oi, oy oil, voice, noise, boy, toy

[ou] o

oa, ow

go, note, open, old, most,

road, boat, low, own, bowl

do, move [u:]

how, owl [au]

[yu:] u

ew

eu

ue, ui

use, duty, music, cute, huge,

tune,

few, dew, mew, new,

euphemism, feud, neutral,

hue, cue, due, sue, suit

[u:] u

o, oo

ew

ue, ui

ou

rude, Lucy, June,

do, move, room, tool,

crew, chew, flew, jewel,

blue, true, fruit, juice,

group, through, route;

AmE: duty, new, sue, student

guide, quite [ai];

build [i]

[u] oo

u

ou

look, book, foot, good,

put, push, pull, full, sugar,

would, could, should

neutral sound

[]

u, o

ou

a, e

o, i

gun, cut, son, money, love,

tough, enough, rough,

about, brutal, taken, violent,

memory, reason, family

Also:

stressed, [];

unstressed, [].


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[r] er, ur, ir

or, ar

ear

serve, herb, burn, hurt, girl, sir,

work, word, doctor, dollar,

heard, earn, earnest, earth

heart, hearth [a:]

2) DIPHTONGS

They are a combination of two vowel sounds that, when spoken, blur into each other forming

a single syllable is about the best definition there is.

The different vowel combinations create a slurring of the two vowels. When u combines

with another vowel, a w sound is produced (cuerpo). The "i followed by another vowel,

produces a consonant y sound as in year (hielo, site). The ai or ay combination is

pronounced like the word eye (hay).

beard, weird, fierce, ear, beer, tear

e aired, cairn, scarce, bear, hair

moored, tour, lure, sure, pure

e paid, pain, face, shade, age, wait, taste, paper

a: tide, time, nice, buy, bike, pie, eye, kite, fine

DIPHTONG

Centering

diphthong :

Closing

diphthong


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void, loin, voice, oil, boil, coin, toy, Roy

load, home, most, bone, phone, boat, bowl

a: a: loud, gown, house, cow, bow, brow, grouse

3) TRIPHTHONG

A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable, forming a simple or compound

sound; also, a union of three vowel characters, representing together a single sound; a

trigraph; as, eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs.

The word "triphthong"uses 10 letters: G H H I N O P R T T.

Words formed by adding one letter before or after triphthong (in bold), or to ghhinoprtt in

any order:

triphthongs

Words within triphthong not shown as it has more than seven letters. List all words

starting with triphthong, words containing triphthong or words ending with triphthongAll

words formed from triphthong by changing one letter Other words with the same letter

pairs: tr ri ip ph ht th ho on ng

4) CONSONANTS

CONSONANTS SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS

There is less variation in consonants between speakers of different dialects than

between vowels. British and American consonants are the same. Most of the consonant

symbols are similar to the normal alphabet of written English. Just a few have to be

learned.

Here are the 24 consonants of English:

English Consonant Sounds

IPA INITIAL INTERNAL FINAL

p please(pliz)

purple(p p l)

help(h lp)

apple( p l)

grape(greIp)


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b book(b k)

noble(n b l)

web(w b)

cabbage(k bI g)

f five

(faIv)

fifty

(fIfti)

gulf

(g lf)raffle(r f l)

off( f)

phone(f n)

hyphen(haIf n)

nymph(nImf)

roughly(r fli)

tough(t f)

v vanilla(v nIl )

seven(s v n)

five(faIv)

thirty( ti)

nothing(n I)

path(p )

they

( eI)

father

(f )

breathe

(bri )

t ten(t n)

autumn

( t m)

hit(hIt)

attain( teIn)

mitt(mIt)

eighty(eIti)

freight(freIt)

baked*(beIkt)

white(weIt)

*Pronunciation of simple past -edending

d dish

(dI )

widow(wId )

red(r d)

adding( dI

guide(g d)

s sir(s )

thesis( is s)

books(b ks)

scissors(sIz z)

massage

(m s )

miss(mIs)

center(s nt )

December(dIs mb )

ice(is)

psychology(saIk l gi)

six(sIks)
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house(h s)

z zero(z )

freezing(frizI)

ooze(uz)

fuzzy(f zi)

jazz( z)

miser(maIz )

dishes

(dI z)

xenophobe(z n f b)

exit( gzIt)

please(pliz)

scissors(sIz z)

she

( i)

mushroom

(m rum)

radish

(r dI )

sure

(

pressure

(pr )

schist

( Ist)

fascist

(f Ist)

tuition

(tuI n)

cache

(k )

genre( nr )

seizure(si

garage(g r )

fissure

(fI )

vision

(vI n)

leisure

(li )

cheers( s)

artichoke( tI k

March(m )

picture

(pIk )

watch

(w )


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jump

( mp)

major

(meI )

gentle

( nt l)

rigid

(rI Id)

cage

(keI )

badger

(b )

bridge

(brI )

k king(kI)

baker(beIk )

pink(pIk)

rocke(r k t

black(bl k)

cold(k ld)

October( kt b )

attic( tIk)

queen

(kwin)

equal

(ikw l)

orchid( kId)

fix(fIks)

cake(keIk)

broccoli(br k li)

g good

(g d)

August

( g st)

drag

(dr g)

foggy

(f gi)exotic( gz tIk)

m May(meI)

humid(hjum d)

maam(m m)

summer(s m )

autumn

( t m)

lamb(l m)

n no(n )

raining(raInI)

green(grin)


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pneumonia(n m nj )

sunny(s ni)

sign(s n)

knife(naIf)

unknown( n n)

fine(faIn)

singer(sI )

spring(sprI)

pink(pIk)

w winter(wInt )

snowing(sn wI)

what

(w t)

nowhere

(n w )one(w n)

j yellow(j l )

mayor(meI )

unite(junIt)

beautiful(bjutIf l)

h hot(h t)

mishap(mIsh p)

l look(l k)

eleven( l v n)

cool(k l)

llama(l m )

hello(h l )

fall(f l)

red(r d) orange( n )or( )

merry(m i)

purr(p )

6english Sound System

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