600 BCE-2016 CEIndia and America

§ This theme is about relations among human beings. All human socieites develop ways of grouping their members, as well as norms that govern interactions between individuals and social groups. Social stratification comprises distinctions based on kindship systems, the association and hierarchies of gender, race, wealth and class. The study of world history requires analysis of the processes through which social categories, roles and practices were created, maintained and transformed. It also involves analysis of the connections between changes in social structures and other historical shifts, especially trends in political economy, cultural expression, and human ecology.

§How have distinctions based on kinship, ethnicity, class, gender and race influenced the development and transformation of social hierarchies?§How, by whom and in what ways have social categories, roles and practices been maintained or challenged over time?

§ Analyze the development of continuities and changes in gender hierarchies including patriarchy.

§ Assess how the development of specialized labor systems interacted with the development of social hierarchies.

§ *Assess the impact that different ideologies, philosophies and religions had on social hierarchies.

§ *Analyze ways in which religious beliefs and practices have sustained or challenged class, gender, and racial ideologies.

Academic Vocabulary Content Specific Vocabulary

Analysis/AnalyzeAssessTransformationPeriodizationContinuity (and change over time)Cause and EffectCompare and ContrastDescribeExplain

KinshipGenderGender HierarchiesSocial HeirarchiesRaceEthnicityClassSocial Categories/StructuresHierarchyIdeologyCaste SystemReligious Terms (later in unit)

§ Universe Created

§ Peopled the earth

§ We moved about the earth (Migration and Paleolithic)

§ We settled, made better tools (Neolithic and Ag. Revolution) The Americas Unit

§ We created Complex Societies- Olmecs and Mayans§ Political (government)§ Economic (stratification and surplus)§ Cultural (religious)§ Social (social structures, population increase)§ Environmental

§ Complex Societies turned to Empires (Dynastic China)

§ Empires continue to develop and transform social structures in society (India)

§ A multi ethnic or multi-linguistic state usually created and held together by force.

§ An empire may be contrasted with a federation, a multi-ethnic or multi-linguistic stated based on rule by mutual consent.

§ Some element of Empire building or extension (modern term: Imperialism)

§ The term empire has fuzzy edges.

§ No two empires are exactly alike.§ Empires, as in China, can be mono-ethnic and mono-linguistic

§ Example: The Greeks

§ Is the United States an empire?

§ 1) Ask students to write down their definition of “empire.” Have students share their definitions. Try to come to a consensus on the blackboard. Ask them to write the agreed upon definition on a piece of paper.

§ 2) Write the dictionary definition (the one given above or your own) on the board. Ask students to compare the two. Then, have them add the dictionary definition to their paper. They can reconsider the definition after they have completed the lesson.

§ 3) Explain the difference between “denotation” and “connotation.” Ask students what “empire” connotes to them? Is the connotation positive? Is it negative? Have students make a note of their answer on their paper.

§ 4) Ask students to guess how empire expansion/creation may lead to further class distinctions (political, economic, social, cultural).

§ Create 5-6 groups

§ Each group reads a handout on a given empire

§ Challenge: Have students pick their own empire (from middle school) and recall the following categories:§ Background, Founding, Organization, Religion, Trade, Decline/Fall

§ Complete the following chart for your empire.

§ As students present the other empire fill in the chart for the other empires.

Empire Background Founding Organization Religion Trade Decline/Fall

PersianEmpire

Athenian Empire

Seleucid Empire

Ptolemaic Empire

SpecificChina Dynasty (no reading)

Alexanderthe Great’s Empire

§ Write a recipe for an empire.§ Apply what you have learned to compose a “recipe” for a successful and long-lasting

empire. Remember that a recipe for a good dish includes ingredients, quantities, procedures, preparation time, and so on.