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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

(Internet Model)

Telecom & Networking-

3

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Comparison of Network Models

1. Physical Layer

2. Host-to-Network

3. NetworkLayer

4. Transport Layer

5. Application Layer

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

ApplicationTCP/IP

Model

ISO

Model

1. OSI Model(Open System Interconnect)

2. Internet Model(TCP/IP Model)

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TCP/IP is used in the Internet. Common mechanism that is gaining on/surpassing

the OSI Model.

Comparison of Netor! Models

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Data Flow in TCP/IP Network

Some books show la!ers and others " in TCP/IP. #e will consider "

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Internet Model (TCP/IP Model)

1. Physical Layer

2. Host-to-Network

3. Network Layer

4. Transport Layer

5. Application Layer

physical connection

between the sender and

the receiver

network access. moving a

message from one compter to

the ne!t compter in the

network path

roting and address

end"to"end isses#

manage logical

connection

ser$s access tothe network

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Internet Model

%hat application

data to deliver&

'ow to deliver the

data logically &

'ow to transport the

data physically&

mails# %eb pages

estination

address# the rote

to get there# etc&

Transmission media

1. Physical Layer

2. Host-to-Network

3. Network Layer

4. Transport Layer

5. Application Layer

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TP!"P an# the $S" %o#el

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TCP/IP Protocol $a!ering

%ach la!er takes data from abo&e' adds header information to create new data unit

' passes new data unit to la!er below

applicationtransport

networklinkphysical

applicationtransport

networklinkphysical

source destination

M

M

MM

Ht

HtHnHtHnHl

M

M

M

M

Ht

HtHnHtHnHl

message

segment

datagramframe

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The term Message" is usually associated withApplication layer

The term "Segments" is usually associated withTransport layer

The term "Packets/Datagrams" is usuallyassociated with Network Layer and

The term "rames"is usually associated with Data

Link Layer

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TCP/IP %ncapsulation (etween $a!ers

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Message )low Through $a!ers* %ncapsulation

TCP

*ser ata

1. Physical Layer

2. Data Link Layer

3. Network Layer

4. Transport Layer

5. Application Layer

ata

ata ata

IP TCP ata

thernet IP TCP ata

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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

1. Physical Layer

2. Data Link Layer

3. Network Layer

4. Transport Layer

5. Application Layer 'TTP +TP ,MTP T-T ,MP

TP &DP

"P

'S(P "%P $SP)

HDL LAP* LAPD LL

Portions o+ "SDN, LAN, DSL, 'S-232, (.2 %o#e

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Protocol -ayering

pplication -ayer

Transport -ayer

Internet -ayer

etwork -ayer

Physical etwork

pplication -ayer

Transport -ayer

Internet -ayer

etwork -ayer

'TTP Message

TCP Packet

IP atagram

thernet +rame

%eb 0rowser %eb ,erver

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Protocols

Protocol Stackor Protocol Suite- Sets ofnetwork protocol layers working togeter

Packets- Piece of a message to !etransmitte"

Frames- #ogical gro$ps of informationformatte" as a contin$o$s series of !its

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"elations#ip of layers and addresses in TCP/IP

Strea ontrol Transission Protocol

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$ddresses in TCP/IP

%our le&els of addresses are used in an internet%our le&els of addresses are used in an internet

employin' t#e TCP/IP protocols p#ysical lo'ical portemployin' t#e TCP/IP protocols p#ysical lo'ical portand specific.and specific.

P#ysical $ddresses *o'ical $ddresses

Port $ddresses Specific $ddresses

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The physical a##resses chan/e +ro hop to hop,

0t the lo/ical an# port a##resses sally reain the sae.

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P#ysical $ddresses

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most local-area networks use a 48-bit (6-byte) physicaladdress written as 12 hexadecimal digits; eery byte (2

hexadecimal digits) is separated by a colon! as shown

below"

M$C $ddress

12124*

-0yte 612 he7a#ecial #i/its8 physical a##ress

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#$ addresses