6 Demolition, Construction and Refurbishment

6 Demolition, Construction and Refurbishment

6-1

Introduction

6.1 This chapter of the Environmental Statement (ES) describes the proposed programme of demolition, construction and refurbishment works and the key activities that will be undertaken on the site in relation to the Proposed Development. It identifies, in general terms, potential effects associated with the demolition, construction and refurbishment activities and outlines proposals for their mitigation.

6.2 Further consideration of the demolition, construction and refurbishment related environmental effects upon

the various technical topics assessed, together with mitigation measures, are provided in each relevant chapter of this ES (refer to chapters 7 - 17 inclusive).

6.3 Further explanation on the approach to the assessment of demolition, construction and refurbishment

related effects is presented in Chapter 2: EIA Methodology of this ES.

Anticipated Sequence of Works and Programme

6.4 The retail works and the residential shell and core works are expected to take 36 months (complete end of year 3). Residential fit out works are expected to continue for a further 12 months and complete at the end of month 48 (end of year 4).

6.5 The works will be undertaken in three key stages to facilitate the continuity of trading of the shopping centre.

Stage 1 includes the demolition of the existing office blocks/ Allders and the construction of the new retail provision at the southern end of the site (George Street end) and re-configuration / refurbishment of the retained shopping centre.

6.6 By the end of month 15, sufficient new retail will have been created to enable the stage 2 works to

commence, in which the remaining new retail and residential elements will be constructed.

Figure 6-1 Indicative Outline Programme

6.7 By the end of month 18 the new retail at the southern end of the site will be ready to trade and by the end of month 30, the new anchor store will be ready to trade. By the end of month 36 all of the new retail will be ready to trade and the shell and core of the residential will be constructed.

6.8 In Stage 3 the residential fit out will be continued and is anticipated to be complete by the end of month 48. 6.9 Figure 6-1 presents an outline indicative demolition, construction and refurbishment programme which

illustrates how the work activities will overlap. Further details on the works within each of the three stages is provided below in order of anticipated sequence.

Description of the Works

Stage 1: Demolition of the existing Office Blocks, Construction of New Anchor Store and Refurbishment of Retained Shopping Centre

Strip out and demolition of existing office blocks A, B, C, D & E

6.10 Prior to works commencing on site, access to the podium car park will be closed and the perimeter of the site secured with a full height hoarding.

6.11 Strip out and demolition of the five existing office blocks will proceed concurrently. Existing services will be

capped and any asbestos and lead piping will be identified and removed (in accordance with current legislation and best practice guidance) before strip out commences to an area.

6.12 An external scaffold with monaflex sheeting will be erected around the office blocks to screen the demolition

works and provide protection to pedestrians and road users. The office blocks will be demolished floor by floor as soon as the strip out has progressed sufficiently.


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Demolition of the Allders department store and car park and offices in Dingwall Avenue (London House and Focus House), construction of New Anchor Store and Other Retail

6.13 Full height hoardings will be erected in Dingwall Avenue, George Street and North End. An external scaffold with monaflex sheeting will be installed to screen the demolition and provide protection to pedestrians and road users. Access to the site for these works will be via Dingwall Avenue.

6.14 To protect the façades which are being retained, façade retention systems will be installed on George Street

and North End. Strip out and demolition of the Allders department store, the car park and offices in Dingwall Avenue (London House and Focus House) will then be carried out to suit the sequence of the New Anchor Store and retail construction.

6.15 Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 illustrate the anticipated Stage 1 works.

Construction of New Anchor Store & Retail

6.16 Prior to commencing the works, condition surveys will be undertaken of adjacent existing structures. Additionally, targets will be installed on adjacent existing structures and will be monitored for movement at frequent intervals throughout the demolition and construction programme. Mitigation measures (such as berms and additional propping) will be agreed with the London Borough of Croydon (LBC) as part of the Demolition and Construction Environmental Management plan (EMP) process to prevent movement exceeding acceptable limits (limits to be agreed with the LBC).

6.17 Once demolition of the Allders department store and the car park and offices on Dingwall Avenue are

sufficiently progressed, the foundation and core base construction will commence, progressing from west to east across the site. Basement construction will commence once the demolition is sufficiently advanced, incorporating appropriate measures (such as propping and earth berms) in the construction methodology to mitigate the effect on adjacent existing structures.

6.18 Following on from foundation and core base construction, core construction will commence and once

sufficiently progressed steelwork, decking and concrete toppings will be added. 6.19 During this process the retained façades will be tied to the new structure, the façade retention systems to

the George Street and North End elevations will be removed, and the retained façades will be cleaned and refurbished. These works will be carried out from an external access scaffold.

Refurbishment of the Retained Parts of the Whitgift Shopping Centre

6.20 Trinity Court and the East, West and North Arcades will continue to trade as normal whilst the retained parts

of the existing Whitgift Shopping Centre is refurbished. Given the proximity of construction to shoppers during this stage of the works, construction methods and arrangements will be carefully assessed and mitigation measures (such as crash decks, fire rated hoardings and signage) developed before commencing, to ensure the safety and convenience of shoppers.

6.21 Works required to facilitate the refurbishment works are as follows:

Relocation of existing tenants into vacant units;

Refurbishment works to Marks & Spencer, Boots and Sainsburys will be carried out whilst these units continue to trade;

Signage and hoarding installation to enable the shopping centre to continue trading during the transition period between stage 1 and stage 2; and

Service diversions necessary to carry out refurbishment and ensure continuity of shopping centre trading.

6.22 Once the refurbishment works are sufficiently progressed, tenants will be relocated into the newly

refurbished retail units and will begin to trade.

Transition Period between Work Stage 1 & Stage 2

6.23 The transition period between stage 1 and stage 2 of the works is illustrated in Figure 6-4. 6.24 Demolition below podium level will commence once the demolition of the office blocks has been sufficiently

progressed. 6.25 The basement service yard will temporarily be reconfigured to enable the shopping centre to continue

trading whilst stage 2 works are in progress. Signage and hoarding will also be erected around the areas undergoing works to enable the shopping centre to continue trading.


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Figure 6-2 Stage 1: Months 1-9. Reconfiguration of retained shopping centre and demolition of office blocks, offices in Dingwall Avenue, car park and Allders department store


6-4

Figure 6-3 Work Stage 1: Months 10-19. Office Blocks Demolished, New Anchor Store Under Construction. Ongoing Refurbishment of Retained Shopping Centre


6-5

Figure 6-4 Transition Period: Between Work Stage 1 and Stage 2


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Stage 2: Completion of Demolition and Construction of the New Retail and Residential Shell and Core

6.26 The perimeter of the site will be secured by a full height hoarding on Wellesley Road (between Wellesley Passage and Dingwall Avenue) and North End.

6.27 Prior to commencing the stage 2 works, condition surveys will be undertaken on adjacent existing structures

and their condition will be monitored regularly throughout the demolition and construction. Mitigation measures will be agreed with the LBC and implemented if necessary.

6.28 Once demolition of the existing retail and offices below the podium is sufficiently progressed, the foundation

and core base construction will commence, progressing from west to east. Following on from foundation and core base construction, core construction will commence and once sufficiently progressed steelwork, decking and concrete toppings will be added.

6.29 The following will commence once the superstructure is sufficiently progressed:

New façade installation;

Roof installations;

Internal architectural trades and building services.

6.30 On completion of the service yard and back of house areas of the new shopping centre, tenant fit out will

commence. Ingress will initially be via Poplar Walk and egress via Wellesley Road. Construction vehicles and shopping centre servicing will share these access arrangements.

6.31 By the end of the stage 2 works, all of the new retail will be ready to trade and the residential shell and core

will be complete. 6.32 The stage 2 works are illustrated in Figure 6-5, Figure 6-6 and Figure 6-7. 6.33 Residential fit out will continue after the new retail is fully trading.

Stage 3: Completion of Residential Fit Out

6.34 Residential shell & core works (structure & envelope) will be complete by the time the retail centre is ready to trade fully. However, internal fit out works will continue to progress until the end of month 48 as illustrated in Figure 6-8.


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Figure 6-5 Stage 2: New Retail at George Street End Complete (Month 18)


6-8

Figure 6-6 Stage 2: New Anchor Store Complete (Month 30)


6-9

Figure 6-7 Work Stage 2: All Retail Complete (Month 36)


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Figure 6-8 Stage 3: Residential Fit out through to all Works Complete (Month 37-48)


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Piling and Foundations

6.35 Consideration has been given to the location, type and depth of the foundations to be installed. 6.36 At present it is considered likely that pad foundations were used when the existing Whitgift Shopping Centre

was constructed. However due to the larger structure and associated heavier loads of the Proposed Development, piled foundations are considered the best option.

6.37 The piling across the site will be a Continual Flight Augier (CFA) system with piles of varying diameter, using

a wider diameter pile where a heavier load is anticipated, for example under the residential towers. In addition a greater number of pile caps will most likely be required where the load is greatest. With regard to the depth it is anticipated that the piles are likely to extend to a depth of approximately 16m below ground level (bgl).

6.38 Where any part of the footprint of the new construction extends over the existing office towers, the existing

piles will be reused where possible (subject to the existing piling layouts and schedule of loads being available). Also, in block E if it is feasible to retain the existing structure, then new piles here would also not be needed.

6.39 Figure 6-9 presents the proposed extent of the lower ground floor level (Parameter Plan 10: Lower Ground

Floor Extent). The principal function of Parameter Plan 10 is to show areas within the site where it is proposed to excavate new basements or utilise existing basements. The areas shown provide the maximum extent of these works. The Parameter Plan 10 shows an area around the Whitgift Almshouses where it is not permissible to create new basements, due to the potential impact on the listed building.

Site Access

Stage 1

6.40 Access to the site will be provided from Wellesley Road and pedestrian and vehicular access points will be segregated, with gates provided to control access. Additionally, access between Allders department store, the Dingwall Avenue car park and the trading shopping centre will be closed and secured with a full height hoarding

6.41 Servicing vehicles will continue to egress via the ramp on Wellesley Road which will be segregated from

demolition vehicle and pedestrian traffic. 6.42 On completion and hand over of the shell and core for the New Anchor Store, tenant fit out works will

commence. The tenants will access their units and the new service yard for both fitting out and retail servicing via Wellesley Road.

6.43 The existing shopping centre will continue to operate as it does at present during the re-configuration works,

with access to the basement service yard via Poplar Walk and exiting via Wellesley Road. These arrangements will be shared with demolition, construction and refurbishment related traffic.

Stage 1 and 2 Transition Period

6.44 During the transition between stages 1 and 2, the basement service yard will temporarily be reconfigured to enable the shopping centre to continue trading whilst stage 2 works are in progress.

Stage 2

6.45 Access to the works during Stage 2 will be via Wellesley Road. Gates will be provided to control access and segregate pedestrian and vehicle access.

6.46 Initially, ingress and egress for the shopping centre service vehicles for the re-configured centre will be via

Poplar Walk at the north of the site, while servicing for the new retail at the George Street end will be via a ramp on Wellesley Road and will be shared with the construction access.

6.47 Shoppers will initially be able to access both trading ends of the shopping centre via access points on North

End. Once the new construction is sufficiently progressed a protected link walkway will be installed for customers to move between both trading ends. The link walkway will be moved periodically as works progress.

6.48 Once the external road works and junctions are sufficiently complete, construction and servicing access will

be swapped with ingress via Wellesley Road and egress via Poplar Walk. 6.49 During the residential fit out, works will be accessed from Wellesley Road.

Construction Traffic Volumes

6.50 For the work stages 1 - 3, the number of Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) trips has been estimated. As illustrated in Figure 6-10 the major peaks in traffic will be between:

Months 4 – 10: as the towers / office blocks, Allders department store and car park are demolished,

and minor retail construction commences; and

Months 17 – 22: as the remaining demolition works of the existing retail centre are completed, and major retail and residential construction commences.


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Figure 6-9 Parameter Plan 10: Lower Ground Floor Extent (For Approval)


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Figure 6-10 Distribution of the HGVs over the Demolition, Construction and Refurbishment Programme

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

Project Month

Vehi

cle

Trip

s


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Plant and Equipment

6.51 Consideration has been given to the types of plant and equipment that are likely to be used during the demolition, construction and refurbishment works. The typical types of plant and equipment associated with each key element of the works are set out within Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 Indicative Demolition, Construction and Refurbishment Plant and Equipment

Existing Office Blocks Construction of Anchor Store and New Retail Re-configuration of existing Shopping

Centre Construction of New Retail and Residential

Plant and Equipment Strip Out and Deconstruction of Office

blocks

Install Façade Retention Systems to

George St & North End Facades

Strip Out and Demolish Allders, Car

Park and Offices in Dingwall Avenue

New Retail Construction

Anchor Store & New Retail - Anchor Shell & Core Construction

Re-Configuration Works

Strip Out and Demolish Existing

Retail

New Retail And Residential (Shell & Core) Construction

External Works Finishes

360 long reach excavator √ √

Breaker attachments √ √ √ √ √

Cutting attachments √ √ √

Mini skid-steer loader √ √

Loader √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Compressor √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Mobile floodlights √ √ √ √ √

Tower cranes √ √ √ √

Passenger/goods hoists √ √ √ √

Tipper lorries √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Mobile crane √ √ √ √ √

Mobile access equipment √ √ √ √

360 excavator √ √ √ √ √

CFA piling rig √ √ √

Sheet piling rig √ √

Wheel wash √ √ √

Stud welding machine √ √ √ √

Lorry mounted concrete pump √ √ √

Concrete vibrator √ √ √

Fork lift √ √ √

Mini crane √

Concrete saw √ √

Disc cutter √


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Potential Environmental Effects

6.52 A review has been undertaken of the likely potential environmental effects associated with the demolition, construction and refurbishment works. Such effects can arise from day to day demolition, construction or refurbishment operations, individual instances of accident, poor operation or management. They are, however, largely dependent on the implementation of effective management controls e.g. the employment of dust suppression methods, use of a well trained workforce and properly maintained plant.

6.53 An overview of the potentially significant environmental effects during the demolition, construction and

refurbishment works and general mitigation measures is provided in Table 6-2. Further detail is provided in Chapters 7 – 17.

Table 6-2 Potential Demolition, Construction and Refurbishment Effects and Mitigation

Issue Potential Effects General Mitigation Measures

Traffic and Access (Chapter 7: Traffic and

Transport)

Traffic congestion and delay due to slow moving HGV traffic and

construction plant movements, deliveries of abnormal loads etc.

Delay and disruption due to temporary road or lane closures.

Restrictions and disruption to pedestrian access around the

perimeter of the site. Potential conflict between construction

and service vehicles entering and egressing the site.

Production of a Construction Logistics Plan (CLP).

Use of approved routes to site, with deliveries outside peak hours where possible (and abnormal loads at quiet times, subject to agreement with LBC and London).

Maintenance of footpaths around the site, ensuring access is maintained for all.

Noise (Chapter 8: Noise and Vibration)

Increased noise levels at surrounding offices and retails units, from vehicle

movements and demolition, construction and refurbishment

activities e.g. breaking out, crushing, piling, cutting etc.

Agreement of working hours with LBC, careful selection of quiet plant and regular maintenance, use of temporary acoustic barriers around specific activities etc. Setting of Noise Action Levels and noise monitoring during the works.

Vibration (Chapter 8: Noise and Vibration)

Vibration effects on local buildings, and sensitive receptors including the

Hospital of the Holy Trinity (Whitgift Hospital) due to increased vibration from demolition and enabling works,

piling, use of heavy vehicles within the site etc.

The construction techniques proposed are considered unlikely to result in significant vibration effects but the extent of vibration monitoring / setting of vibration action levels will be discussed and agreed with the LBC.

Dust and nuisance (Chapter 9: Air Quality)

Windblown dust generated from demolition, refurbishment and

construction works, earthworks, stockpiles, construction vehicle

movements on unpaved surfaces, crushing etc.

Dust suppression techniques, such as damping down, use of temporary screens, covering of stockpiles etc will be employed.

Socio-economics (Chapter 10 : Socio-

economics) Employment for construction workers.

A beneficial effect, enhanced through jobs brokerage schemes and apprenticeship and training schemes.

Water (Chapter 15: Water Resources and Flood

Risk)

Increased sediment loadings to storm water system. Potentially

contaminated storm water runoff.

Dewatering of excavations and careful management of surface water run-off.

Appropriate storage of fuels and potentially hazardous construction materials within a secure site compound.

Issue Potential Effects General Mitigation Measures Provision of on-site pollution control kits. Use of settlement system prior to discharge.

Hazardous Materials and Contamination (Chapter 14: Ground Conditions)

Demolition and refurbishment of the buildings and exposure to asbestos. Mobilisation of contamination that is

currently present in a stable or contained form.

Exposure of construction staff to contamination and ground gas.

Pollution incident through spill of fuels or chemicals, or discharge of sediment

laden water / run-off.

Removal of asbestos and any other hazardous materials by a suitably qualified Professional and under current legislation and guidance.

Ground investigation works to assess levels of contamination present, and development of a remediation strategy to be agreed with the LBC.

Dewatering of excavations and careful management of surface water run-off.

Appropriate storage of fuels and potentially hazardous construction materials within a secure site compound.

Provision of on-site pollution control kits. Use of settlement system prior to discharge.

Archaeology (Chapter 16: Archaeology)

Damage to in situ archaeological remains.

Phased programme of archaeological investigation. Such work will be carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) agreed with the LBC.

Built Heritage (Chapter 17: Built Heritage)

Potential for cosmetic damage to listed buildings as a result of vibration.

Direct physical effects on heritage assets.

Medium and long range visual impact. Temporary impacts on the setting of

heritage assets.

Vibration monitoring around adjacent listed buildings in particular Electric House and the Almshouses.

Securing of Conservation Area and Listed Building Consent.

Façade retention.

Mitigation Measures

Interface between Construction Activities and Shoppers

6.54 Construction methods and arrangements will be carefully assessed and mitigation measures developed before commencing to ensure the safety and convenience of shoppers.

6.55 The area of greatest interface between the demolition, construction and refurbishment works and shoppers

will be during the re-configuration works. Where works are being carried out to the back of house and retail unit shell, a full height hoarding will be installed at the shop front line in order to provide the segregation. Works that are carried out to the front of house, such as mall finishes, will be carried out outside of trading hours and protection reinstated prior to opening the centre.

6.56 Major works (such as structural alterations) that are carried out to a tenancy which continues to trade and in

the front of house areas (such as malls and entries) will require a combination of crash decking to provide overhead protection and full height hoarding.

6.57 During stage 2 of the works it is intended to link both ends of the trading retail areas via a protected walkway

through the construction area. The link walkway will be designed and installed in compliance with prevailing health and safety legislation.


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Environmental Management

Code of Practice (CoP)

6.58 The LBC has published a Code of Practice which provides advice to assist developers and their contractors in undertaking their works using best practice, to reduce effects on local communities. In addition, relevant contractors will be required to be members of the LBC’s Considerate Constructors’ Scheme.

6.59 In accordance with the LBC’s CoP on Demolition and Construction, an Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) will be prepared and implemented which will be the overarching management system throughout the demolition, construction and refurbishment works. The EMP will set the strategy that will be implemented throughout the demolition, construction and refurbishment works to ensure good environmental management and reduce adverse nuisance impacts.

6.60 In addition to the EMP, a site specific Construction Logistics Plans (CLP) will be prepared and implemented.

The CLP will sit alongside and compliment the EMP. The CLP will be drawn up in line with the LBC’s guidance. The structure and content of the plan will be agreed with the LBC and other relevant bodies prior to the commencement of the works.

6.61 The site-specific CLP will essentially be an operational manual detailing the management, monitoring,

auditing and training procedures to be followed during the works and will provide detailed requirements for the control of noise and vibration, dust and air pollution, site access and logistics arrangements, and monitoring requirements.

6.62 The preparation of the EMP and CLP is an established method of managing environmental effects resulting

from construction works and is consistent with methods adopted for other major schemes in Croydon. 6.63 The EMP and CLP will be submitted to the LBC (and other relevant bodies), prior to the commencement of

the works for discussion and agreement. The EMP and CLP will cover as a minimum the following:

A framework for compliance with relevant legislation and guidance;

The broad plan of the phasing of the work including details of the construction activities to be undertaken e.g. plant to be used, prohibited or restricted operations;

Baseline levels for noise, vibration, dust and monitoring protocols;

Setting of ‘Action Levels’ for noise, vibration and dust to warn of activities which may require particular care and control. It should be noted that departures from these levels does not necessarily mean that conditions will be unacceptable or that complaints will occur;

Any requirement for monitoring and record keeping;

Roles and responsibilities of key staff including training of staff, liaison with stakeholders, and management of enquiries and complaints;

Contact details for the site management team during normal working hours and emergency details outside working hours;

Provision for reporting, public liaison, and prior notification of construction related issues;

The mechanism for the public to register complaints and the procedures for responding to complaints;

Details of prohibited or restricted operations (location, hours etc.);

Details of construction operations highlighting any operations likely to result in disturbance and / or working hours outside the core working period, with an indication of the expected duration of key phases and dates;

Procedures for notification to the LBC and affected parties prior to any departures from the EMP and CLP;

Procedures and processes for issue of a regular newsletter to be circulated to the neighbours and authorities providing an update on the progress of the works;

Controls on construction site lighting;

The details of proposed routes for HGVs travelling to and from the site;

Procedure to consulting the LBC on the selected method of piling;

Materials storage and handling;

Staff travel;

Use of water and energy;

Protection of archaeology, water resources and ecological receptors (if encountered); and

Requirements for auditing, monitoring and record-keeping.

6.64 Procedures for waste management, recycling and waste disposal will be detailed within a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP), see below for further details.

Environmental Liaison / Publicity

6.65 The Principal Contractor will appoint a Project Environmental Manager (PEM), who will be named at the site entrance, with a contact telephone number. The PEM will have primary responsibility for dealing with the LBC, the Greater London Authority (GLA) and other stakeholders on environmental matters, and all key stakeholders will be notified whenever a change of responsibility occurs for the PEM role. The PEM will keep neighbours, the LBC and other relevant parties informed of the nature of the ongoing works, their duration and programme.

6.66 It is anticipated that regular meetings will take place between the PEM and key stakeholder groups, to

review progress and to agree any necessary actions. The PEM will also deal with enquiries from the general public, including any complaints. Any complaints will be logged and reported to the relevant individual within the LBC (and vice versa) as soon as practicable.

Hours of Work

6.67 The hours of work are likely to be specified in the planning conditions attached to the planning permission sought. It is likely that the standard hours of work will be prescribed according to the LBC. These are as follows:

08:00 to 18:00 hours Monday to Friday;

08:00 to 13:00 hours Saturday; and

Sunday and Bank Holidays – No noisy activities on site.

6.68 Although night-time (23:00 - 08:00), out-of-hours or week-end working will not normally be permitted, it is

conceivable that certain works e.g. delivery of abnormal loads, assembly of tower cranes etc, may have to


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be undertaken during these periods. If required, such works will be subject to prior agreement and reasonable notice with the LBC who may impose certain restrictions and will be limited wherever possible.

Housekeeping and General Site Management

6.69 The contractor will ensure that measures are taken to protect local residents, users of on site and adjacent buildings, visitors and shoppers to the site and passers by from nuisance or harm.

6.70 Hoardings will be erected around the site to provide a clear and secure demarcation between operational

activities and other areas, and to provide information regarding the project and its progress. 6.71 Maintenance of the hoardings will be given the appropriate attention to keep them in good order. Particular

attention will be paid to locations supporting high volumes of pedestrian movement, construction routes, access gates and security arrangements.

6.72 A ‘clean site’ policy will be maintained. The contractors will employ a street sweeper and the streets around

the site will be regularly cleaned. 6.73 Hoardings will be lit from half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise. On site floodlights will be

fixed to the tower cranes and on the hoarding or lighting poles to illuminate the basement. Emergency escape lighting will identify the escape route. Prior to the erection of any external floodlighting details will be agreed with the LBC.

Materials Storage and Handling

6.74 The sustainability of raw materials will be considered during the procurement process. All construction materials will be appropriately stored on the site to minimise damage by vehicles, vandals, weather or theft.

6.75 Where practical, contractors will be expected to operate a ‘just-in-time’ policy for the delivery and supply of

construction materials, and packaging will be returned. Excavated materials will generally be removed from the site as there will be limited space available for storage.

6.76 Where possible, prefabricated elements will be lifted directly into position from delivery vehicles. This will

assist in reducing on site storage, construction labour requirements and construction noise levels, thereby reducing potential nuisances to the surrounding receptors.

Waste Arisings, Management, Recycling and Disposal

6.77 Table 6-3 presents current estimates of demolition waste arisings and excavated materials. 6.78 Table 6-4 presents current estimates of construction and refurbishment materials.

Table 6-3 Estimates of Demolition Waste Arisings and Excavated Material

Material Approximate Quantity

Concrete 66,500 m3

Reinforcement 12,000 tonnes


Other waste 57,000 m3

Excavated Materials 107,300 m3

Table 6-4 Estimates of Construction and Refurbishment Materials


Aggregates 14,000 m3

Sheet piling 300 tonnes

Concrete 133,500 m3

Reinforcement 13,200 tonnes

Structural Steelwork 31,700 tonnes

Fire protection 364,300 m2

Metal decking 347,700 m2

Insulation 107,000 m2

Elevations 108,600 m2

Blockwork 55,400 m2

Partitions 139,600 m2

Doors 8,300

Finishing materials 561,000 m2

Fittings 8,500 deliveries

Services 12,400 deliveries

Lifts 200

Escalators 200

6.79 The principal categories of waste likely to be generated during the demolition, construction and

refurbishment works are:

Demolition, refurbishment, enabling works, site clearance and spoil from excavations;

Hazardous material such as ground contamination, asbestos, lead piping etc.;

Packaging comprising plastics, pallets, expanded foams; and

Materials delivered to site for use in new construction, that are damaged or surplus.

6.80 A SWMP will be developed by the Principal Contractor detailing how demolition and construction waste will be managed and disposed of. The SWMP will be based on guidance within the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) report ‘Site Waste Management Plan - Guidance for Construction Contractors and Clients: Voluntary Code of Practice’ (Ref. 6-2) and the Site Waste Management Plans Regulations 2008 (Ref. 6-3).

6.81 In general and in accordance with the principles of the UK Government’s ‘Waste Strategy for England 2007’

(Ref. 6-4), a principal aim during demolition, construction and refurbishment will be to reduce the amount of waste generated and exported from the site. This approach complies with the waste hierarchy whereby the intention is first to minimise, then to treat at source or compact and, finally, to dispose of off-site as


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necessary. In addition non-hazardous waste will treated prior to disposal in accordance with Landfill Regulations 2002 (Ref. 6-5).

6.82 A demolition audit will be undertaken to maximise the percentage of waste to be diverted from landfill and

re-used or recycled, thereby maximising the recovery of material from the refurbishment for subsequent high-grade applications.

6.83 Waste will be minimised through:

Agreements with material suppliers to reduce the amount of packaging or to participate in a packaging take-back scheme;

Implementation of a ‘just-in-time’ material delivery system to avoid materials being stockpiled, which increases the risk of their damage and disposal as waste;

Attention to material quantity requirements to avoid over-ordering and generation of waste materials;

Re-use of materials will be limited as the demolition is already complete. However, wherever feasible with the residual ground works, re-use will be considered. (e.g. re-use of crushed concrete from the demolition process for fill; re-use of excavated soil for landscaping). Concrete will be taken off the application site for crushing and re-use. The Government has set broad targets of the use of reclaimed aggregate, and in keeping with best practice, contractors will be required to maximise the proportion of materials recycled;

Segregation of waste at source where practical; and

Re-use and recycling of materials off-site where re-use on-site is not practical (e.g. through use of an off-site waste segregation facility and re-sale for direct re-use or re-processing).

6.84 Skips will be covered to prevent dust and debris blowing around the application site, and will be cleared on a

regular basis. Burning of wastes or unwanted materials will not be permitted on-site. All hazardous materials including chemicals, cleaning agents, solvents and solvent containing products will be properly sealed in containers at the end of each day, prior to storage in appropriately protected and bunded storage areas.

6.85 As the new buildings become enclosed, the rubbish will be collected in lightweight floor-based wheeled

skips that can be manoeuvred around the configuration of the units. The skips will then be taken to ground floor level by hoist, and either disposed of into larger skips, or if suitable, placed into a compactor to reduce the volume of the waste before it is taken off-site.

6.86 Waste will only be disposed of at authorised waste treatment and disposal sites, in accordance with the

requirements of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Ref. 6-6), the Environment Act (Waste and Producer Responsibility) 1995 (Ref. 6-7), the Controlled Waste Regulations 1992 as amended (Ref. 6-8), the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (Ref. 6-9), the Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 (Ref. 6-10), the Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002 (Ref. 6-5), the List of Wastes (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2005 (Ref. 6-11), the Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act 1989 (Ref. 6-12), and the Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations Amended 2003 (Ref. 6-13).

Traffic Management / Logistics

6.87 Vehicles making deliveries to the site or removing spoil or demolition / refurbishment material will travel via designated routes which will be agreed with the LBC, Transport for London (TfL) and the police as required.

6.88 Larger vehicle movements will be scheduled to avoid peak hours on the local road network if at all possible. If an alternative construction traffic route is required this will first be agreed with the LBC.

6.89 All deliveries will be made to the designated areas within the site. If for any reason it is necessary to load

and unload off site (i.e. not within the site boundary), the details and procedure for this will be agreed in advance with the LBC and occupants of local buildings.

6.90 Any necessary lane closures on the local highway network will avoid peak periods if at all possible, and the

relevant authorities (including emergency services) will again be notified. 6.91 The Principal Contractor will co-ordinate through the CLP all deliveries and collections to/from the site, and

ensure that:

All delivery and collection vehicles are aware of the proposed routing;

Prior to a delivery or collection, hauliers will notify the relevant authorities (Transport for London Police, Highways Authority etc) in accordance with the Road Vehicles (Authorisation of Special Types) (General) Order 2003 (Ref. 6-14) if required;

Liaison will be undertaken with occupants of adjacent buildings to avoid delays to service deliveries due to construction vehicles; and

Deliveries will be made on a ‘just in time’ basis;

There will be good traffic flows to prevent congestion, air pollution and disturbance in the surrounding area;

Vehicle movements in and around the site will not cause unnecessary noise and air pollution;

Location points to the site, unloading points and any storage within the site, the locations of hoists, cranes and location of noise sensitive adjacent properties will be provided; and

Appropriate marshals and banksmen will be provided.

Staff Travel

6.92 Due to the availability of public transport services (as described in Chapter 7: Traffic and Transport), a policy of no car parking for staff on site will be adopted.

Noise, Vibration and Dust

6.93 To minimise effects due to noise, vibration and dust, site-specific best practice measures will be implemented by contractors. Chapter 8: Noise and Vibration and Chapter 9: Air Quality include a detailed review of the mitigation measures during the demolition, construction and refurbishment works, and a summary is provided below, including:

Noisy plant or equipment will be situated as far as possible from noise sensitive buildings. Barriers

(e.g. site huts, acoustic sheds or partitions) to reduce noise reaching noise sensitive buildings will be employed where practicable. Old buildings around the site perimeter waiting to be demolished will provide effective noise screening;

The following provisions will be adhered to wherever practicable:

- Vehicles and mechanical plant used for the purpose of the works will be fitted with effective exhaust silencers, maintained in good and efficient working order and operated in such a manner as to


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minimise noise emissions. The contractor will ensure that all plant complies with the relevant statutory requirements.

- Machines in intermittent use will be shut down or throttled down to a minimum when not in use.

- Compressors will be fitted with properly lined and sealed acoustic covers which will be kept closed whenever in use. Pneumatic percussive tools will be fitted with mufflers or silencers of the type recommended by the manufacturers.

- Equipment which breaks concrete, brickwork or masonry by bending or bursting or ‘nibbling’ will be used in preference to percussive tools where practicable. Avoid the use of impact tools where the site is close to occupied premises.

- Where practicable, rotary drills and bursters activated by hydraulic, chemical or electrical power will be used for excavating hard of extrusive material.

- Where practicable, equipment powered by mains electricity will be used in preference to equipment powered by internal combusting engine or locally generated electricity.

- Neither any part of the works nor any maintenance of plant will be carried out in such a manner as to cause unnecessary noise or vibration except in the case of an emergency when the work is absolutely necessary for the saving of life or property or the safety of the works.

- Plant will be maintained in good working order so that extraneous noise from mechanical vibration, creaking and squeaking is kept to a minimum.

- Noise emitting machinery which is required to run continuously will be housed in a suitable acoustic lined enclosure wherever practicable.

- Communication with neighbouring residents is essential to ensure any noise impacts will be reduced as far as is practicable.

Care will be taken to reduce noise when loading or unloading vehicles or dismantling scaffolding or moving materials etc;

Burning or materials on site will not be permitted;

Emphasis will be placed on using methods that do not cause unnecessary emissions (e.g. dust smoke);

Dust pollution will be minimised during demolition by the complete screening, if practicable, of the building or structure to be demolished with debris screens or sheets;

Stockpiles of earth will be damped down or otherwise suitably treated to prevent the emission of dust from the site. Stockpiles will be planned and sited to minimise the potential for dust generation. The handling of spoil will be kept to a minimum and when materials are deposited onto a stockpile it will be from the minimum possible height;

The contractor will ensure that the area around the site, including the public highway, is regularly and adequately swept to prevent any accumulation of dust and dirt;

Where possible, skips and removal vehicles will be properly sheeted when leaving the site. Watering or rubble chutes will be undertaken where necessary to prevent dust emissions; and

The contractor will take all necessary precautions to prevent smoke emissions or fumes from plant or stored fuel oil. In particular, measures will be taken to ensure that all plant is well maintained and not left running for long periods when not in use.

6.94 Noise and Vibration Action Levels will be agreed with the LBC, and noise and vibration levels will be monitored during the demolition, construction and refurbishment phases. If the action levels are exceeded, the activity will cease until an alternative methodology can be agreed.

6.95 Dust monitoring will also be undertaken during the demolition, construction and refurbishment phases.

Special provisions will apply for any materials containing asbestos. A safety method statement will outline the control measures necessary to minimise the risks to an acceptable level, and all statutory notices will be placed with the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Hazardous Materials, Contamination and Pollution Control

6.96 Methods for dealing with hazardous and contaminated waste have already been described. However, prior to the demolition, construction and refurbishment, the Principal Contractor will be required to prepare a safety method statement demonstrating how the safety of construction workers and the public will be addressed in terms of potentially harmful substances.

6.97 The control, handling and disposal of these wastes will be undertaken in accordance with relevant

legislation as described above; the CoP will provide further detail. 6.98 Should additional contamination be identified during the earthworks, activity in the area will cease until the

contamination has been assessed and an appropriate strategy for its treatment and management agreed with the LBC.

6.99 All construction staff will be provided with appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), training on the

risks at the site from hazardous materials, and welfare facilities will be provided for washing and changing. 6.100 All potentially hazardous materials will be stored on areas of hard standing and enclosed within impervious

bund walls. The minimum volume of each bunded compound will be equivalent to 110% of the tank capacity contained within. If multiple tanks are present the compound will be equivalent to 110% of the capacity of the largest tank, or 110% of the combined capacity of inter-connected tanks. All filling points, vents, gauges and sight glasses will be situated within the bund. Labels will clearly indicate the contents of all containers within the bunded areas.

Archaeology

6.101 The findings of the archaeological desk-based assessment will be confirmed through a phased programme of archaeological investigation which will be undertaken and secured through an appropriately worded planning condition.

6.102 The extent of previous ground disturbance resulting from the construction of the existing Whitgift Shopping

Centre and current ground conditions is unknown and will be verified. This will be achieved through either by a visual inspection or review of topographic survey data for the site. For the area outside of the existing basement, archaeological monitoring during any future geotechnical investigations undertaken in advance of demolition or a review of the results by a suitably qualified archaeologist will enable the nature of the made ground and magnitude of previous ground disturbance to be understood.

6.103 For the area outside of the existing basement on the frontages of North End and George Street, the results

of this first stage of monitoring and review will be used to inform the need for a second stage of


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archaeological investigation in the form of targeted trial trench evaluation (within the areas of proposed basement / lower ground excavation).

6.104 The trial trench evaluation would determine the presence / absence, extent, depth and significance of any

previously unknown archaeological remains that may survive within this part of the site. The results of this intrusive evaluation would inform the requirement for further mitigation measures during the construction phase.

Protection of Water Resources

6.105 The assessment of potential effects of the Proposed Development on water resources is presented in Chapter 15: Water Resources and Flood Risk of this ES. In summary, surface drainage, ground water seepage, and any minor dewatering will pass via settlement tank facilities to the foul water sewer. Discharge arrangements into the foul water sewer will be agreed with Thames Water Utilities Limited (TWUL).

6.106 The Principal Contractor will hold plans on site which show the location of all surface and foul water drains

and should make relevant staff aware of the drainage network. 6.107 All liquids and solids of a potentially hazardous nature (e.g. diesel fuel, oils, solvents) will be stored on

surfaced areas, with bunding, to the satisfaction of the Environment Agency (EA). 6.108 Surface drainage and wastewater will pass through settlement tanks and oil interception facilities before

discharge to sewer. The Principal Contractor will ensure that all potentially contaminated water e.g. dewatering effluent, is disposed of in accordance with the Water Resources Act 1991 (Ref. 6-15) and Water Industry Act 1991 (Ref. 6-16, Ref. 6-15), to the satisfaction of the EA and / or TWUL. The Principal Contractor will also be responsible for obtaining all necessary consents and ensuring compliance with the conditions of the consents. EA pollution prevention guidelines for construction works will be adhered to at all times.

6.109 An Emergency Incident Plan will be in place to deal with potential spillages and / or pollution incidents. This

will include the provision of on-site equipment for containing spillages, such as emergency booms and chemicals to soak up spillages. Any pollution incidents will be reported immediately to LBC and the regulatory bodies such as the EA.

6.110 The principal contractor will ensure that any water that may have come into contact with contaminated

materials will be disposed of in accordance with the Water Resources Act (1991)and other relevant legislation, and to the satisfaction of the EA and / or TWUL.

Protection of Ecological Resources

6.111 The site is of low ecological value. In the event that effects to ecological resources are identified during the course of the project activities, consultation with the relevant statutory and advisory bodies such as Natural England (NE) and the EA will be undertaken as necessary.

Energy and Water Usage

6.112 All relevant contractors will be required to investigate opportunities to minimise and reduce use of energy and water, such as:

Use of alternatives to diesel / petrol powered equipment where possible;

The incorporation of sources of renewable energy to offset the use of main utilities will be considered;

Selection and specification of energy efficient plant and equipment wherever viable;

Implementation of staff based initiatives such as turning off taps, plant and equipment when not in use both on-site and within site offices; encouraging a paper-reduced office and encouraging double sided printing and photocopying when these activities are necessary;

Use of recycling water systems such as wheel washes; and

Use of a rainwater harvesting system for use in equipment, and vehicle washing will also be investigated.

6.113 The energy and water consumption of the project will be monitored, either through sub-metering or reading

utility bills, to allow comparison against best practice benchmarks and improvements to be made.

Effect Interactions and Cumulative Effects

6.114 Chapter 18: Effect Interactions and Cumulative Effects Assessment of this ES provides a review of the potential for combined cumulative effects i.e. the combined effect of individual effects arising as a result of the Proposed Development throughout the demolition, construction and refurbishment phase, for example effects in relation to noise, airborne dust or traffic impacting on a single receptor.

6.115 It is not unusual for construction to take place on more than one site in close proximity to each other. The

LBC will require all sites to adhere to the LBC’s CoP and CLP guidance and requirements to help minimise nuisance effects. In addition, it is expected that the contractors will undertake regular liaison meetings and reviews with neighbouring sites to plan works so that they do not cause unnecessary disruption.

6.116 The following technical chapters of this ES include an assessment of the cumulative effects associated with

the demolition, construction and refurbishment phase of the Proposed Development in conjunction with demolition and construction works at other nearby sites.


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References

Ref. 6-1 LBC, (2012) ‘Control of Pollution and Noise from Demolition and Construction Sites’. Ref. 6-2 Department of Trade and Industry, (2004) Site Waste Management Plans: Guidance for Construction,

Contractors and Clients, Voluntary Code of Practice Ref. 6-3 Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO), (2008) Site Waste Management Plan Regulations Ref. 6-4 Defra, (2007) The waste Strategy for England Ref. 6-5 HMSO (2002) ‘The Landfill Regulations’. Ref. 6-6 HMSO, (1990), ‘Environmental Protection Act 1990.’ Ref. 6-7 HMSO, (1995), ‘Environmental Act 1995’. Ref. 6-8 HMSO, (1992) ‘Controlled Waste Regulations.’ Ref. 6-9 HMSO, (2010)’ The Environmental Permitting Regulations’. Ref. 6-10 HMSO, (2005) ‘The Hazardous Waste Regulations’ Ref. 6-11 HMSO, (2005) ‘The List of Waste (England) (Amendments) Regulations’ Ref. 6-12 HMSO, (1989), ‘The Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act . Ref. 6-13 HMSO, (1991), ‘The Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991.’ Ref. 6-14 HMSO, (2003) The Road Vehicles (Authorisation of Special Types) (General) Order 2003 Ref. 6-15 HMSO (2003), ‘Water Industries Act 2003 (c 37).’ Ref. 6-16 HMSO (1991), ‘Water Resources Act.’

6 Demolition, Construction and Refurbishment

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