demateralisation

doing more with less

Dematerialisation

• is defined by UNEP as "the reduction of total material and energy throughput of any product and service, and thus the limitation of its environmental impact. This includes reduction of raw materials at the production stage, of energy and material inputs at the use stage, and of waste at the disposal stage."

Environmental Footprint of people in different countriesSource: Mathis Wackernagel and Redefining Progress www.rprogress.org

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• If everyone in the world lived like we do, we would need four planets

The task for industrialised countries:dematerialisation by a Factor Ten (90%)

• Instead of selling 10 tons of goods at a

• price of 1 $/ton• Develop goods where• 1 ton has a value of

10 $/ton• INNOVATION!

• actions at every stage of the production and consumption chain:

• resource savings in material extraction, • improved eco-design of products • technological innovations in the production

process • environmentally conscious consumption

patterns • recycling of waste, etc.

aa

smallest amount of inputs:

MaterialsEnergy

Area

smallest amount ofoutputs:WasteEmissionsHarmful Substances

best fulfilment of needsbest offer of service/function

Sustainable Consumption

• Less: radical reduction of aggregate materials throughput in developed economies (= dematerialization)

• More: sustainable economic development in developing countries which responds to needs

• Ethical: changes in global patterns of consumption, based on re-considered values and cultural practices in the North; access and redistribution in the South

De-materialisation

• Miniaturisation, light weighting, modularity & multi-functionality

• Convergence of physical products into on line services (digital photo, video, computer programmes and games on demand, music on line etc.)

• Broadband enables convergence of space demanding applications into on line services (i. e. movies)

• Digitisation of paper products (E-books, E-zines, E-forms)

Products replaced by functions

• Cars Transports

• Refrigerators “Chill”

• Photocopiers Copying services

B2C: where do ‘consumers’ buy utilisation now?one after the other, or sharing, utilisation

• rent-a-car, taxis, networks, public spaces (roads)• rental appartments, hotel rooms, car sharing• elevators, public toilets (Wall AG)• concerts, cinema, Internet, public transports• luxury handbag rentals:

bagborroworsteal.com,bagstealandborrow.uk, luxusbabe.de,runawaybag.com, frombagstoriches.com

• Of ebay’s turnover of 12.6 billion US$ in the second quarter of 2006, 1.7 billion concern ‘second-hand’ watches and jewellery

B2B : selling performance to business

• a new businessmodel that (1) concentrates design, finance, manufacturing,operation and maintenance in one hand, and (2) internalises thecosts of risk and waste

• PFI Private Finance Initiatives• PPP Public Private Partnerships• PBL Performance Based Logistics (military projects)• EMS Energy Management Services• CMS Chemical Management Services• FM Facility and Plant Management• Textile-Leasing• Space Services

Physical products replaced by online services

Answering Machine Answering Service FactorWeight, kg 1,2 0,06 20Power consumption, kWh 1308 5,7 230Greenhouse effect, g CO2 140000 590 240equivalents

1. DEMATERIALISATION: SUSTAINABLE SERVICES

1.1 Dematerialisation reduces demands on the environment 1.2 The paperless office - Myth or reality? 1.3 Videos on line 1.4. “Banking” is essential – but not banks 1.5. Digital photography revolutionises environmental activity

Substitution

• E-work• Tele/video conferencing• E-learning• E-shopping , M-shopping and

“shopping bots”• E-banking• Tele medicine