5th Generation International Mobile …. Mahesh - Rohde...5th Generation International Mobile...

5th Generation International Mobile

Telecommunication Seminar

5G Technology Elements and Testing

Challenges

Mahesh KumarSr. Application Engineer

Mobile Radio Testers

ROHDE & SCHWARZ Regional Headquarters Pte Ltd

No.9 Changi Business Park Vista

#03-01 Singapore 486041

Phone: +65 6307 0018

Fax: +65 6307 0303

Mobile: +65 9184 6034

email: [email protected]

Who am I

A potential timeline for 5G

Comparison with LTE

3

Research

2015 20202012

Rel13 Rel14

Commercial networkscommercial

test solutions

Rel15

Development

2005 2010 2015

Rel8 Rel10 Rel12

Mass deployment

1st commercial

LTE network

R&S 1st commercial

LTE test solutions

Development

You are

here

Worldwide Research Activities and InitiativesOverview (chronological order)

ı NYU Wireless: US research center conducting massive work on propagation characterization

at mm-wave frequencies since 2012

ı 5GNOW: Non Orthogonal Waveforms (started in Sept 2012)

ı METIS: Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information

Society (started in Nov 2012)

ı MiWEBA – Millimetre-Wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access (June 2013)

ı IMT-2020 / Future Forum*: China 5G organizations (Feb 2013)

ı 5G Forum*: Korean industry-academy-R&D cooperation system established in May 2013

ı 2020 and Beyond Adhoc: In Japan ARIB established a new AdHoc working group in Sep 2013

ı 5G Innovation Centre*: 5G research in the UK started in Nov 2013

ı Horizon 2020: EU Research and Innovation program (2014 - 2020)

ı NGMN 5G Initiative* (started at MWC 2014)

ı 5G Lab Germany* (TU Dresden, opened in Sept 2014)

4

*R&S is member / active

5G – Strong Global Momentum

5

China Mobile leads NGMN Alliance to initiate 5G R&DOFweek | Posted: 28 Feb 2014, 08:54

http://global.ofweek.com/

5G has not been defined yetDiscussed Scenarios & Requirements

ı Dense crowd of users:

High data rates. high

capacity, limited area.

ı Internet of Things (emergency comms,

robots, …):

Low latency, high reliability,

resilience and security;

user case specific

data rates/capacity.

ı Internet of Things (sensors; leisure

applications, …):

The volume of devices and “things” will

create new requirements.

Battery life time expectation years

6

Very high

data rate

Picture: ETH Zürich/ Golem.de

Cloud based network architecture

- Centralized base station baseband with high number of distributed radio

units ideally connected with no latency (fiber); SDN and NFV

- Traffic analytics and security will gain importance

New air interface technology / New protocols

- Multiple air interface candidates analyzed in research

- Obvious impact to the complete test portfolio

Massive MIMO / Beamforming

- Significantly increased number of Tx / Rx elements

- Over the air measurements become essential

Mm-Wave frequencies

- High absolute frequency bands / wider bandwidth

- New channel models reflecting different propagation conditions

R&S impact from 5G Technology Options

7

5G – Technology Elements

8

ı High frequency / high bandwidth (“mm wave”)

ı 5G air interface candidates

ı Channel Sounding

ı Antenna Array testing (conducted) / Over The Air (OTA)

5G Spectrum OutlookHigh bandwidth is only possible at high frequencies

9

f [GHz]60 70 80 900 10 20 30 40 50

Available spectrumLink Budget

Additional spectrum:

470 – 694: 226 MHz

694 – 790: 96 MHz

1300 – 1700: 400 MHz

2025 – 2100: 85 MHz

2200 – 2290: 80 MHz

2700 – 3400: 700 MHz

3400 – 5000: 1600 MHz

5350 – 5470: 120 MHz

5850 – 6425: 575 MHz

Used spectrum:

~ 700 - 900: ~ 20 – 100 MHz

~ 1500/1600: ~ 40 – 70 MHz

~ 1800/1900: ~ 120 MHz

~ 2100: ~ 120 MHz

~ 2300: ~ 100 MHz

~ 2600: ~ 140 MHz

~ 3600: ~ 200 MHz

Additional spectrum:

Chunks of 3 – 7 GHz!

The Impact from Using mm-Wave FrequenciesPropagations characteristics – new channel modeling is needed!

10

Disruptive technology likely

Known

characteristics:

LTE-A evolution

possible

Different

propagation;

may require

redesign

Significantly different propagation

Transmission through most objects is reduced but

reflection is amplified.

Foliage loss is severe.

High pathloss component requires massive MIMO /

beamforming technologies using active antennas.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

V-Band E-Band

f [GHz]

W-Band

Phase IPhase II

Phase III

freq.

up

converter

High frequency / high Bandwidth Test Principles and Challenges

mm-wave reference plane,

DUT is inserted here

LO

IF

11

Signal Generation

Generator

Generator

freq.

down

converterLO

Generator

Scope /

Analyzer (SW)RF

Signal Analysis

IF

Frequency: 28, 38, 60, 70GHz… / Bandwidth: 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000MHz

ı Complexity of the test setup

ı Be careful with signal quality (SSB Phase Noise)!

ı Be careful with sensitivity of mm-wave test setups (waveguides, etc.)!

freq.

up

converter



LO

IFGenerator

Generator

freq.

down

converterLO

Generator

Scope /

Analyzer (SW)RF

IF

Example: 38GHz frequency, 500MHz bandwidthMaster the challenges

12

R&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator

Internal BW

of 160 MHz

RF up

to 40 GHz

R&S®AFQ100B IQ Modulation Generator

1Gsample,

528 MHz RF

bandwidth

+ I Q

R&S®FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer

Analysis up to

67 GHz in a single

instrument…

500 MHz

BW today

R&S Test SolutionHigh frequencies and wide bandwidths

13

Signal Generation


2 RF outputs (up to

20GHz each) or 1RF

output (up to 40GHz)

Load “5G” waveform onto the

R&S AFQ100B or any baseband generatorR&S®RTO1044 Digital Oscilloscope

Wideband IF


Signal Analysis

IQ

R&S®AFQ100B IQ Modulation Generator

1Gsample, 528 MHz

RF bandwidth

…any Wideband ARB generator

External AWG

IQ BW = 2 GHz

2 GHz BW

Analysis up to

67 GHz in a single

Instrument.500 MHz

BW

160MHz

internal BW

R&S Test SolutionSignal Generation / Signal Analysis - mmWave

14

l Signal Generation / Analysis above 67 GHz

l Channel bandwidth options remain

the same as on previous slides


Analysis up to

67 GHz in a single

instrument…

Two path up to 20 GHz each,

e.g. fLO=17 GHz and fIF= 4 GHz


2 GHz

IQ modulator

LOout

R&S®FSZ75/90/110

Harmonic Mixer

IFin

RF

i.e. 72 GHz



LO

IFmm-wave

up

converter

4x

mm-wave Up-Converter e.g. from RPG

fIF

fLO

14

freq.

up

converter



LO

IFGenerator

Generator

freq.

down

converterLO

Generator

Scope /

Analyzer (SW)RF

IF


15



ı Channel Sounding


5GWhat can be expected

17

LTE R8/9LTE R10/11

LTE R12/13

2010

l LTE/LTE-A gradual evolution will not be sufficient, if the number of

devices (M2M) and data consumption will increase as forecasted and

if latency needs to be reduced significantly.

l Obvious that higher bandwidth and higher frequencies will play a role

l Potential new air interface(s), which would also allow to satisfy tight

latency requirements

l Integration of potential disruptive technologies

with LTE/LTE-A (2G/3G/WLAN) will be key!

2013 2015

LTE R14/15

Potential New

RAT

+

2020

“Horizon2020”

Adaptive New

RAT

LTE R14/15

5G – A(nother) new air interface

18

ı Wide range of new air interfaces are in discussion

More spectrally agile waveforms

New frame structures

Multicarrier vs. Single Carrier

Non-orthogonal

Full duplex

ı Convergence on new air interface candidates is essential!

The “what” and “when” in 5G seems to be clear, but not the “how”.

ı Not only the gain (link level / system level) counts but UE implementation

aspects need compromises (finally in standardization)

5G – A(nother) new air interface

LTE air interface will not support all use casesı In particular low latency requirements require redesign

ı Many different use cases suggest more than a single air interface

ı Discussed candidates comprise:

UFMC: Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier

FBMC: Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier

GFDM: Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing

SCMA: Sparse Code Multiple Access

NOMA: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

ı Common advantages at the cost of higher complexity:

Better robustness against non-perfect synchronization

Reduced out-of-band emission

ı Common key parameters:

FFT size, number of active subcarriers, subcarrier spacing

Number of symbols per subcarrier, symbol source

19

SMW BB impl.


20



ı Channel Sounding


ı Vector Network Analyzer based sounding VNA to measure complex frequency response, which then can be transformed into the channel impulse

response (CIR) – only valid for stationary channel conditions!

Positive: No bandwidth limitations

Problems:

Limited to time invariant channels (stationary channel conditions), since frequency points are

measured sequentially over a long time span

Phase synchronous transmitter and receiver required, i.e. maximum Tx/Rx separation is limited due to

the need for a sync cable connection (only suitable for indoor)

ı Pulse compression methods (method chosen by R&S) Direct CIR measurement (in time domain)

Based on PN sequences (improves dynamic range): Correlation of the received signal with

the original transmitted sequence directly yields the CIR

Problem: Bandwidth limited

But bandwidth is a strength of R&S solution (FSW, RTO)

Basic channel sounding approaches

21

Channel Sounding principlesR&S Solutionı Propagation conditions at higher frequencies are

largely unknown

ı Many measurement campaigns ongoing

ı Without sufficient data channel models can not be

generated

R&S provides channel sounding solution based on

general purpose signal -generators and - analyzers

22

PN

Gen.

fchipf0

1

GTX

SMW200A

f0

IQ Data

GRX

FSW

Channel

BP 1 2

1 = optional transmit amplifier

2 = FSW pre amplifier

BP = band pass for fchip and fc of interest

Power Budget Illustration @100 MHz BandwidthMax transmit power – Limit Sensitivity (i.e. 0 dB SNR)

SMW200A

17 dBm

NF 10 dB-84

dBm/100 MHz

FSW PRE-

AMPLIFIER**

Thermal

noise

floor: -94

+40

SPREADING

GAIN 10LOG(L)

+20

( - RF Cabling loss )

( - PDP required dynamic range* )

determines max TX/RX path loss

PDP = Power Delay Profile*PDP dynamic range determined by spreading gain

**Low Noise Pre amplifier increases sensitivity by approx. 30 dB

Antenna

Gain > 20 dB

23

16bit M-sequence

17 GHz measurement example R&S headquarters, MunichDistance approx. 150 m

24

Dipole antenna receiver

Horn antenna receiver

PN-16, 160 MHz

Measurement sample @60 GHz, 1 GHz chip rate

Indoor Measurement setup

via multiple reflectors

25

Tx = SMW

Sidelobe

Rx = FSW

R&S Channel Sounding Solution - Advantages

26

ı Direct CIR measurement (in time domain) Fast measurement over full bandwidth (also applicable for more time variant channels)

Faster than Network Analyzer based approach

Much faster than “sliding correlator” concept (NYU; narrow-band reception – TX and RX slightly different

frequency – sliding factor)

ı CIR measurement without Synchronization between TX and RX: For measuring Power Delay Profile (most important) of channel, error is negligible due to low reference

frequency error of R&S instruments (SMW, FSW, extra option e.g. OCXO)

Well suited for outdoor channel measurement over longer range

ı Very high dynamic range of measurement setup (high receiver sensitivity)

ı Very good time resolution of echoes (= pulse duration; 1GHz bw ► 1ns resolution; max bw 2GHz ► 0.5ns)

ı Receiver needs to be moved for outdoor measurements FSW (up to 500MHz bw) easy movable in a car (plus RTO for bw up to 2GHz bw)

ı Performance of R&S Channel Sounding can be proven using a known SMW-inbuilt fading profile


27



ı Channel Sounding


Massive MIMO / mm-Wave MIMOBeamforming is one important aspect

28

ı Massive MIMO characterized by

Very large (i.e. number of Tx elements) antenna array at

the base station.

Large number of users served simultaneously.

TDD allows channel estimation without UE feedback.

Leveraging the multiplicity of (uncorrelated) propagation

channels to achieve high throughput.

ı mm-Wave MIMO characterized by

Very small (in terms of dimensions) antenna

arrays possible

Highly directional transmission is needed to

compensate severe path loss (beamforming

used at Tx and Rx)

Dynamic beam adaptation is essential

► Over the air measurements will become much more important

► Dynamic beamforming verification requires enhancement of the existing test procedures

R&S Test SolutionGeneration of Phase Coherent Signals

29

ı Testing of Active Antenna Systems (AAS)

ı Stimulus generation for Over-The-Air (OTA) tests

ı Beamforming simulation

ı MIMO simulation

ı SMW + SGT: up to 6 GHz

ı LO distribution across instruments

ı Phase coherent and phase stable RF

ı Synchronized baseband signals

ı SGT100A directly controlled from SMW100A

ı Scalable solution

Tx1

Tx2

Tx3

Tx4

Tx5

Tx6

Tx7

Tx8

Antenna Frontend

control

SMW200A

digital IQ

6x SGT100A

R&S Test SolutionGeneration of Phase Coherent Signals

30

ı The two path SMW + SGS/SGU allows to

generate 4 RF paths per set

ı Sets can be cascaded by LO distribution

across instruments, which creates

coherent and phase stable RF

ı Phase relations are set

via baseband of SMW

ı SMW + SGS: up to 6 GHz

ı SMW + SGS + SGU:

up to 20 GHz

ı Complete setup is controlled from the GUI

of the SMW LO distribution

Phase coherent RF Tx1

Tx2

Tx3

Tx4

Tx5

Tx6

Tx7

Tx8

Antenna Frontend

SMW200A

SMW200A

SGUSGS

SGUSGS

SGUSGS

SGUSGS

Example: Two sets provide 8 phase coherent signals

R&S Test SolutionVector Network Analysis

31

R&S®ZVA Millimeter Wave Setup

Device characterisation

l Direct measurement up to 67 GHz

l Above 67 GHz, millimetre wave

convertors are used

l Parallel measurements and

multiple port

l Coherent sources

l Device S-parameters.

l Antenna measurements.

l Power & frequency sweeps.

TX

Parallel measurements

R&S®ZVA Antenna

Measurement Setup

R&S Multiport Solutions

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test-measurement/network-analyzers/multiport-solutions_229192.html

R&S Test SolutionUsing Vector Network Analyzers to Characterize e.g. Antenna Arrays

32

ı Parallel measurements

ı The R&S®ZNBT8 is the first multiport vector network

analyzer offering up to 24 integrated test ports. The

instrument can simultaneously test multiple DUTs or

measure one DUT with up to 24 ports.

ı Frequency range from 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz

R&S Test SolutionUsing Vector Analyzers to Characterize e.g. Antenna Arrays

33

ı The R&S®ZNB analyzer features high measurement speed,

outstanding precision and exceptional ease of operation

ı Frequency range from 9 kHz to 40 GHz

ı The R&S®ZVT8/R&S®ZVT20 is the first true eight-port/six-

port vector network analyzer with a frequency range from

300 kHz to 8 GHz / 10 MHz to 20 GHz

ı For two or four-port R&S®ZNB, configuration of up to 48 test

ports possible

ı Frequency range from 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz

R&S Test SolutionInternet of Things (IoT) and User Experience Aspects

35

Can the apps be

optimized?

Can the network

parameters be

optimized?

e.g.

• Inactivity timer

• C-DRX

Benchmarking of

various UEs under

same test conditions

ı The ever increasing number of applications

on smartphones causes significant signaling

load in addition to data usage

ı End users are also affected by significant

impact on battery life time

ı Measurement solutions require the capability

to distinguish applications on the IP layer

ı The signaling impact from IoT / M2M devices

is of particular importance, since the high of

number devices impact cellular networks

Solution:

Performance Quality Analysis

of Over-The-Top (OTT) applications on

Mobile Terminal Equipment and IoT devices

R&S Test SolutionCMW-PQA OTT Test Setup

36

Power Consumption

goes up each time UE

goes into RRC

connected stateBackground light

switching off

Switch on

For power consumption

measurement

RF

LAN

DAU connection

to the Internet

OTT APPs Server

R&S®CMW500

Wideband Communication tester

R&S®NGMO

Contest PC

GPIB

Internet

or

5G – Take away

ı The most significant test & measurement impact is expected from:

Use of mm-wave frequencies while additional spectrum is explored from low to high

Channel sounding and new channel models remain an essential subject

New air interface candidates – still a number of options are investigated

convergence required (essential for ecosystem)

The need to enhance OTA measurements due to Massive MIMO and advanced

active antenna implementation

Support for high number of devices (IoT / M2M) and D2D communication

C/U splitting, optimized MAC/RRM and architectural trends like C-RAN

Significant 5G research is ongoing (strong global momentum),

but we are still at the research and pre-R&D level

R&S has rich experience ranging from mm-wave implementation to end user

experience / benchmarking enabling all-embracing 5G performance assessment

37

38

“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together!”

African proverb

[email protected]

5th Generation International Mobile …. Mahesh - Rohde...5th Generation International Mobile...

Documents

Transcript of 5th Generation International Mobile …. Mahesh - Rohde...5th Generation International Mobile...