5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F...

12
10/27/2009 1 Nathan Ruch, MD FACEP Why hypothermia? How does it work? h hl? Who can we help? What is the prehospital experience? Unknown ECG tracings. 74yo male with funny feeling in his chest while shopping for shoes Prior CABG Prior CABG Medications are metoprolol and aspirin Patient is a retired pharmacist 25 with suffer cardiac arrest during this talk About 1000 Americans today h h lf k h h l Less than half make it to the hospital

Transcript of 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F...

Page 1: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

1

Nathan Ruch, MD FACEP Why hypothermia?

How does it work?

h h l ? Who can we help?

What is the pre‐hospital experience?

Unknown ECG tracings.

74yo male with funny feeling in his chest while shopping for shoes

Prior CABG Prior CABG

Medications are metoprolol and aspirin

Patient is a retired pharmacist

25 with suffer cardiac arrest during this talk

About 1000 Americans today

h h lf k h h l Less than half make it to the hospital

Page 2: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

2

Cardiac arrest Greater than 90% mortality rate

No significant decline over past few decades despite g p pnew drugs and improved access to electrical defibrillation

Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) Many patients go on to die during subsequent hospitalization

Neurologic impairment often remains as a lasting morbidity

450,000 sudden deaths per year in the US

<10% discharged from the hospital

h h l Many who “survive” have poor neurologic outcome

First reported 50 years ago

Decreased core temp reduces metabolic demand

b d d d d Abandoned due to resource requirements and lack of proven benefit

49 year old with pain in right arm that began while spreading mulch

No past medical history No past medical history

Page 3: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

3

Mild Hypothermia

90‐95F (32‐35C)

Moderate H pothermia Moderate Hypothermia

82‐89F (28‐32C)

Severe Hypothemia

<82 (<28C)

Nobody really knows

Reduced basal cellular energy requirements

d d f d l d Reduced free radical production

Improved cell membrane stability

Improved immune function

Decreased cytokine production

73yo woman with palpitations

Some left chest pain and dizziness

Page 4: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

4

77 patients

43 Hypoothermia

34 Normothermia 34 Normothermia

Results

49%  good outcome with hypothermia

26% good outcome with normothermia

AHA – 2005 Guidelines

ILCOR – 2002 Consensus statement

Unconscious adults with ROSC after out of hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32‐34C for 12‐24 hours when the initial rhythm is VF34C for 12 24 hours when the initial rhythm is VF

Such cooling may be useful for other rhythms and in hospital cardiac arrest

Page 5: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

5

Yes 13%

No 87%

Duration on non‐perfusing rhythm

Bystander CPR

l d f b ll Early defibrillation –AED’s

Quality of CPR

Age

Therapeutic hypothermia

One out of 5 hospital deaths is sudden cardiac arrest.

Overall survival in US is 5 8% Overall survival in US is 5‐8%

Good neurologic outcome in 3% of out of hospital arrests.

Page 6: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

6

Surface cooling (cooling blankets/ice bags)

Endovascular catheters

C l fl d Cool IV fluids

Cardiopulmonary bypass

Cooling caps/helmets

Rectal

Esophageal

Tympanic

Oral

PA catheter

Bladder

Axilla

Page 7: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

7

Unintentional  overcooling <32C

Coagulopathy

l h h Ventricular arrhythmias

Increased risk of infection

Below 30C defibrillation may not be effective

Optimal duration unknown

12‐24 hours

Sh Shivering

Active rewarming 1C/HR

Heating blanket

Warm IV fluids

May help overcome institutional inertia

May aid in directing post arrest patient to most capable hospitalscapable hospitals

Pre‐hospital protocols mitigate  hospital delays

Improves outcome

Requires minimal equipment and training

82yo woman who slipped and struck her head while reaching for a pot in the kitchen

Triage heart rate of 58 Triage heart rate of 58

Patient denies syncope or other symptoms

ECG done by tech with no order from MD

Page 8: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

8

www.wakeems.com/saem

Wake County/Raleigh, NC:

Single, 3rd service EMS System with 65,000 calls/year

Reliable firefighter first response Reliable firefighter first response

Resident population of ~825,000 (add 100 per day)

Post‐resuscitation patients are selectively transported to one of 2 high volume PCI centers

All calls receive EMD from a single, high‐volume center

Fire first response with AED and compressions Fire first response with AED and compressions

Paramedic response with transport ambulances

Supervisory response at paramedic level

Baseline [Jan 2004‐Apr 2005]:  Traditional CPR, focus on airway

New CPR [Apr 2005‐Apr 2006]:  Continuous  New CPR [Apr 2005 Apr 2006]:  Continuous compressions, delayed intubation for VF/VT

Impedance Threshold Device (ITD) [Apr 2006‐Oct 2006]

Induced Hypothermia [Oct 2006‐Oct 2007]

ROSC after cardiac arrest not related to trauma or hemorrhage

Age 16 years or greater Age 16 years or greater

Female without obviously gravid uterus

Initial temperature >34 C

Patient is intubated (no RSI)

Patient remains comatose without purposeful response to pain

Page 9: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

9

All EMS records are maintained in an electronic database

Records with any of the following characteristics  Records with any of the following characteristics are reviewed to determine if cardiac arrest occurred:

EMS Patient Disposition = cardiac arrest

CPR procedure is recorded

Defibrillation is recorded

Age less than 16

Obvious traumatic origin of arrest

S d EMS witnessed arrest

Arrest not in EMS control

Prison facilities

Out‐of‐system intercept

Arrests under direction of non‐EMS physician

Data were analyzed using logistic regression 

Covariates offered for the regression:

A Age

Gender

Response time for the first defibrillator

Witnessed status

Location

Primary outcome was the proportion of OOH‐CA patients for whom resuscitation was attempted that survived to discharge in baseline vs. hypothermia g ypphases

Secondary outcomes include (by phase):

Pulse at emergency department, survival to admission, neurological intact survival to discharge

Additionally, results were stratified by initial rhythm

3124 OOH‐CA occurred during the study period 1442 obvious deaths (no resuscitation attempted) 1682 attempted resuscitations 484 of 1682 were excluded due to: 119 not under EMS control/not a code 109 obvious traumatic origin  70 under the age of 16 206 EMS witnessed

1198 met inclusion criteria

Total OOH-CA N= 1198

Baseline N = 372

New CPR N= 319New CPR N= 319

ITD N= 148

Hypothermia N= 359

Page 10: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

10

Mean Age 65

Percent male 58%

Private Residence 81%

Witnessed Status 36%

Bystander CPR 36%

Mean Defibrillator Response

5.3 – 6.1 mins

Initially VF/VT 26%

NOTE: no statistically significant difference between study periods

10

12

14

16

7.3%

8.2%

11.6%

P<0.05*

0

2

4

6

8

Baseline New CPR ITD Hypo

4.6%

* when compared with baseline

20

25

30

35

40

Percent survival 12%

22%

29%

37%

P<0.05*

0

5

10

15survival

Baseline New CPR ITD Hypo

Treatment Period

12%

* When compared with baseline

4

5

6

7

8

Neuro4 4%

6.2%

7.8%

P <0.05*

0

1

2

3

4Intact

Baseline New CPR ITD Hypo

Treatment Period

1.9%

4.4%

* When compared with baseline

20

25

30

35

Neuro 20%

28%

P<0.05 *

0

5

10

15

eu oIntact

Baseline New CPR ITD Hypo

Treatment Period

10%

17%

20%

* When compared with baseline

25

30

35

**

0

5

10

15

20

Pulse @ ED Admit D/C Neuro

Baseline

Hypo

* P <0.05 when compared with baseline

**

Page 11: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

11

Confounders

Removal of stacked defibrillations

Protocol driven pre and post resuscitation cardiac  Protocol‐driven pre‐ and post‐resuscitation cardiac arrest care

Improvement with procedures due to repetition

Hawthorne effect

Intention‐to‐treat analysis

Induced hypothermia is not experimental therapy

Part of standard therapy post arrest (IIb/Ilb)

Few complications

Not expensive

Time sensitive

Impacts outcome (NNT 8)

14 yo girl with palpitations

Takes verapamil 240mg

S l d h Similar episodes in the past

Page 12: 5 Ruch Hypothermia Presentation EMS.ppt · 2013-06-19 · 10/27/2009 3 Mild Hypothermia 90‐95F (32‐35C) Moderate HpothermiaHypothermia 82‐89F (28‐32C) Severe Hypothemia

10/27/2009

12