5 exponents and scientific notation
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Transcript of 5 exponents and scientific notation
Exponents
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN,
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy)
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy)
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
ExponentsWe write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5)
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6 = x9y13
Rules of Exponents
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6 = x9y13
Rules of Exponents
Division Rule: AN
AK = AN – K
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6 = x9y13
Rules of Exponents
Division Rule:
Example C.
AN
AK = AN – K
56
52
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6 = x9y13
Rules of Exponents
Division Rule:
Example C.
AN
AK = AN – K
56
52 = (5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6 = x9y13
Rules of Exponents
Division Rule:
Example C.
AN
AK = AN – K
56
52 = (5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Example A.
43 = (4)(4)(4) = 64 (xy)2= (xy)(xy) = x2y2
xy2 = (x)(yy) –x2 = –(xx)
base
exponent
Exponents
Multiplication Rule: ANAK =AN+K Example B.
a. 5354 = (5*5*5)(5*5*5*5) = 53+4 = 57
b. x5y7x4y6 = x5x4y7y6 = x9y13
Rules of Exponents
Division Rule:
Example C.
AN
AK = AN – K
56
52 = (5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5)(5) = 56 – 2 = 54
We write the quantity A multiplied to itself N times as AN, i.e.
A x A x A ….x A = AN
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Exponents
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5
Exponents
A1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34)
Exponents
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4
Exponents
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 A1
A1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 A1
A1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0A1
A1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = 1AK
A0
AK
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K 1AK
A0
AK
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
a. 30
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
b. 3–2
a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32 b. 3–2 =
a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9b. 3–2 = =
a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5 = 1
2/5 =
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5 = 1
2/5 = 1* 5 2 = 5
2
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5 = 1
2/5 = 1* 5 2 = 5
2
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
In general ( )–K
a b = ( )K
b a
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5 = 1
2/5 = 1* 5 2 = 5
2
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
In general ( )–K
a b = ( )K
b a
d. ( )–2 2 5
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5 = 1
2/5 = 1* 5 2 = 5
2
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
In general ( )–K
a b = ( )K
b a
d. ( )–2 2 5 = ( )2 5
2
Power Rule: (AN)K = ANK
Example D. (34)5 = (34)(34)(34)(34)(34) = 34+4+4+4+4 = 34*5 = 320
Exponents
Since = 1 = A1 – 1 = A0, we obtain the 0-power Rule.A1
A1
0-Power Rule: A0 = 1
Since = = A0 – K = A–K, we get the negative-power Rule.1AK
A0
AK
Negative-Power Rule: A–K = 1AK
Example E. Simplify
1 32
1 9
c. ( )–1 2 5 = 1
2/5 = 1* 5 2 = 5
2
b. 3–2 = =a. 30 = 1
In general ( )–K
a b = ( )K
b a
d. ( )–2 2 5 = ( )2 = 25
4 5 2
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 = 1 3
Exponents
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 = 1 3 – 1*
Exponents
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 = 1 3 – 1* 1
22
Exponents
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 = 1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
Exponents
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 = 1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents.
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 = 1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y23
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y23
= 3–2 x4 x–8 y–6 y23
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
= x4 – 8 y–6+23
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y23
= 3–2 x4 x–8 y–6 y23
1 9
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
= x4 – 8 y–6+23
= x–4 y17
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y23
= 3–2 x4 x–8 y–6 y23
1 9 1 9
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
= x4 – 8 y–6+23
= x–4 y17
= y17
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y23
= 3–2 x4 x–8 y–6 y23
1 9 1 9
1 9x4
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
e. 3–1 – 40 * 2–2 =
Exponents
Although the negative power means to reciprocate, for problems of collecting exponents, we do not reciprocate the negative exponents. Instead we add or subtract them using the multiplication and division rules first.
= x4 – 8 y–6+23
= x–4 y17
= y17
=
Example F. Simplify 3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y 23
3–2 x4 y–6 x–8 y23
= 3–2 x4 x–8 y–6 y23
1 9 1 9
1 9x4
y17
9x4
1 3 – 1* 1
22 = 1 3
– 1 4 = 1
12
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 =(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3 3–5x–3x6y–3 3–2x4x2y–6
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 =
=
(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3 3–5x–3x6y–3 3–2x4x2y–6
3–2x6y–6
3–5x3y–3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 =
= = 3–2 – (–5) x6 – 3 y–6 – (–3)
(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3 3–5x–3x6y–3 3–2x4x2y–6
3–2x6y–6
3–5x3y–3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 =
= = 3–2 – (–5) x6 – 3 y–6 – (–3)
= 33 x3 y–3 =
(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3 3–5x–3x6y–3 3–2x4x2y–6
3–2x6y–6
3–5x3y–3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 =
= = 3–2 – (–5) x6 – 3 y–6 – (–3)
= 33 x3 y–3 = 27 x3
(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3 3–5x–3x6y–3 3–2x4x2y–6
3–2x6y–6
3–5x3y–3
y3
ExponentsExample G. Simplify using the rules for exponents.
Leave the answer in positive exponents only.
23x–8
26 x–3
23x–8
26x–3 = 23 – 6 x–8 – (–3 )
= 2–3 x–5
= 231
x51
* = 8x51
Example H. Simplify (3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3
= 3–2x4y–6x2
3–5x–3y–3 x6 =
= = 3–2 – (–5) x6 – 3 y–6 – (–3)
= 33 x3 y–3 = 27 x3
(3x–2y3)–2 x2
3–5x–3(y–1x2)3 3–5x–3x6y–3 3–2x4x2y–6
3–2x6y–6
3–5x3y–3
y3
An important application of exponents is the scientific notation.
Scientific Notation
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
10–1 = 0.1
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
10–1 = 0.1 10–2 = 0.01
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
10–1 = 0.1 10–2 = 0.01 10–3 = 0.001 10–4 = 0.0001
Scientific NotationScientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
10–1 = 0.1 10–2 = 0.01 10–3 = 0.001 10–4 = 0.0001
Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
Scientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
10–1 = 0.1 10–2 = 0.01 10–3 = 0.001 10–4 = 0.0001
Scientific Notation
Scientific NotationAny number can be written in the form
A x 10N
where 1 < A < 10.
Scientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
100 = 1 101 = 10 102 = 100 103 = 1000
10–1 = 0.1 10–2 = 0.01 10–3 = 0.001 10–4 = 0.0001
Scientific Notation
Scientific NotationAny number can be written in the form
A x 10N
where 1 < A < 10. This form is called the scientific notation of the number.
Scientific notation simplifies the tracking and calculation of very large or very small numbers. We note the relation between the exponents and the base-10 numbers:
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N,
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300.
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.
Move left 4 places.
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 .
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.
Move left 4 places.
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 . = 1. 23 x 10 +4
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.ii. If the decimal point moves to the right N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is negative,
Move left 4 places.
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 . = 1. 23 x 10 +4
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.ii. If the decimal point moves to the right N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is negative, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a larger number A, then N is negative.
Move left 4 places.
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 . = 1. 23 x 10 +4
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.ii. If the decimal point moves to the right N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is negative, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a larger number A, then N is negative.
Move left 4 places.
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 . = 1. 23 x 10 +4
b. 0.00123
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.ii. If the decimal point moves to the right N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is negative, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a larger number A, then N is negative.
Move left 4 places.
Move right 3 places
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 . = 1. 23 x 10 +4
b. 0.00123 = 0. 001 23
Scientific NotationTo write a number in scientific notation, we move the decimal point behind the first nonzero digit.i. If the decimal point moves to the left N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is positive N, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a smaller number A, then N is positive.ii. If the decimal point moves to the right N spaces, then the exponent over 10 is negative, i.e. if after moving the decimal point we get a larger number A, then N is negative.
Move left 4 places.
Move right 3 places
Example I. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 12300. = 1 2300 . = 1. 23 x 10 +4
b. 0.00123 = 0. 001 23 = 1. 23 x 10 –3
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right,
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.
Move right 4 places,
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4 = 1 2300 . = 12300.
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.ii. If N is negative, move the decimal point in A to the left,
Move right 4 places,
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4 = 1 2300 . = 12300.
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.ii. If N is negative, move the decimal point in A to the left, i.e. make A into a smaller number.
Move right 4 places,
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4 = 1 2300 . = 12300.
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.ii. If N is negative, move the decimal point in A to the left, i.e. make A into a smaller number.
Move right 4 places,
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4 = 1 2300 . = 12300.
b. 1. 23 x 10 –3
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.ii. If N is negative, move the decimal point in A to the left, i.e. make A into a smaller number.
Move right 4 places,
Move left 3 places
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4 = 1 2300 . = 12300.
b. 1. 23 x 10 –3 = 0. 001 23 = 0.00123
Scientific NotationTo change a number in scientific notation back to the standard form, we move the decimal point according to N.i. If N is positive, move the decimal point in A to the right, i.e. make A into a larger number.ii. If N is negative, move the decimal point in A to the left, i.e. make A into a smaller number.
Move right 4 places,
Move left 3 places
Example J. Write the following numbers in the standard form.
a. 1. 23 x 10 +4 = 1 2300 . = 12300.
b. 1. 23 x 10 –3 = 0. 001 23 = 0.00123
Scientific notation simplifies multiplication and division of very large and very small numbers.
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12)
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
= 1.56 x 10 –4
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
= 1.56 x 10 –4 = 0.000156
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
= 1.56 x 10 –4 = 0.000156
b. 6.3 x 10-2 2.1 x 10-10
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
= 1.56 x 10 –4 = 0.000156
b. 6.3 x 10-2 2.1 x 10-10
= 6.32.1
x 10 – 2 – ( – 10)
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
= 1.56 x 10 –4 = 0.000156
b. 6.3 x 10-2 2.1 x 10-10
= 6.32.1
x 10 – 2 – ( – 10)
= 3 x 108
Scientific Notation
Example K. Calculate. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
a. (1.2 x 108) x (1.3 x 10–12) = 1.2 x 1.3 x 108 x 10 –12
= 1.56 x 108 –12
= 1.56 x 10 –4 = 0.000156
b. 6.3 x 10-2 2.1 x 10-10
= 6.32.1
x 10 – 2 – ( – 10)
= 3 x 108
= 300,000,000
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025 0.00015
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108 x 2.5 x 10–6
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108 x 2.5 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108 x 2.5 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
= 2.4 x 2.5 x 108 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108 x 2.5 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
= 2.4 x 2.51.5
x 10 8 + (–6) – ( – 4)
= 2.4 x 2.5 x 108 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108 x 2.5 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
= 2.4 x 2.51.5
x 10 8 + (–6) – ( – 4)
= 2.4 x 2.5 x 108 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
= 4 x 108 – 6 + 4
Scientific Notation
Example L. Convert each numbers into scientific notation. Calculate the result. Give the answer in both scientific notation and the standard notation.
240,000,000 x 0.0000025
=
0.00015 2.4 x 108 x 2.5 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
= 2.4 x 2.51.5
x 10 8 + (–6) – ( – 4)
= 2.4 x 2.5 x 108 x 10–6
1.5 x 10–4
= 4 x 108 – 6 + 4
= 4 x 106 = 4,000,000
Scientific Notation
Ex. A. Write the numbers without the negative exponents and compute the answers. 1. 2–1 2. –2–2 3. 2–3 4. (–3)–2 5. 3–3
6. 5–2 7. 4–3 8. 12( )–3
9. 23( )–1
10. 32( )–2
11. 2–1* 3–2 12. 2–2+ 3–1 13. 2 * 4–1– 50 * 3–1
14. 32 * 6–1– 6 * 2–3 15. 2–2* 3–1 + 80 * 2–1
Ex. B. Combine the exponents. Leave the answers in positive exponents–but do not reciprocate the negative exponents until the final step. 16. x3x5 17. x–3x5 18. x3x–5 19. x–3x–5
20. x4y2x3y–4 21. y–3x–2 y–4x4 22. 22x–3xy2x32–5
23. 32y–152–2x5y2x–9 24. 42x252–3y–34 x–41y–11
25. x2(x3)5 26. (x–3)–5x –6 27. x4(x3y–5) –3y–8
Exponents
x–8
x–3
B. Combine the exponents. Leave the answers in positive exponents–but do not reciprocate the negative exponents until the final step.
28. x8
x–3 29.x–8
x3 30. y6x–8
x–2y3 31.
x6x–2y–8
y–3x–5y2 32.2–3x6y–8
2–5y–5x2 33. 3–2y2x4
2–3x3y–2 34.
4–1(x3y–2)–2
2–3(y–5x2)–1 35.6–2 y2(x4y–3)–1
9–1(x3y–2)–4y236.
C. Combine the exponents as much as possible.
38. 232x 39. 3x+23x 40. ax–3ax+5
41. (b2)x+1b–x+3 42. e3e2x+1e–x
43. e3e2x+1e–x
44. How would you make sense of 23 ?2