B11 Exponents and Scientific Notation
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Transcript of B11 Exponents and Scientific Notation
B11B11Exponents and Exponents and
Scientific NotationScientific Notation
Multiplying Powers with Like Bases
For any rational number a, and for all whole numbers m and n,
m n m na a a
Example 1Simplify. Express using exponents.a) 3 62 2b) 2 4a ac) 5 3z z z
d) 2 3 4 5(x y )(x y )
926a
9z6 8x y
Practice
a) 2 45 5b) 5 3a ac) 2 3 4y y y
d) 2 2 5(mn )(mn )
Simplify. Express using exponents.
Dividing Powers with Like Bases
For any rational number a except 0, and for all whole numbers m and n,
mm n
na aa
Example 25
377
Simplify. Express using exponents.
a)7
3yyb)4 3
2r srsc)
27
4y
3r s
Practice
a)
b)
c)
Simplify. Express using exponents.7
355
3
2hh8 4
3x yxy
Negative Exponents
For any rational number a except 0, and for all whole numbers m and n,
mm1a a
Example 3Express using positive exponents.
16a)
25b)
4xc)
4xyd)
16
215
41x
4xy
Practice
1)
2)
3)
Express using exponents.22
4y
23c
The Exponent Zero
a0 = 1 for any rational number a except 0.
0a 1
Example 4Simplify.
24a)
31b)
04c)
0xd)
214
311
1
1
116
1
Practice
1)
2)
3)
Simplify.32
91
03
PracticeWrite without exponents.1)
322)
12
3)
25
4)
3 4 27 7 7
Simplify. Express using exponents.
5)
4 4 4 45 5 5 5
Raising a Power to a Power
For any rational number a, and any whole numbers m and n,
m n mn(a ) a
Example 1Simplify. Express using exponents.
(52)3 = 56
(45)6 = 430
(x4)7 = x28
Practice
1) (54)3
Simplify. Express using exponents.
2) (22)5 3) (a6)3 4) (n4)4
Example 2Simplify.
(5x)3 = (5x)(5x)(5x)(3z)2 = (3z)(3z)
(2y2)4
= (2y2)(2y2)(2y2)(2y2)
= 125x3
= 9z2
= 16y8
Practice
1) (3y)2
Simplify.
2) (6m)4
3) (2a3)3 4) (4x3)2
Example 3Simplify.
(4x5y2)3 = 43x15y6
(-2x5y2)7 = -27x35y14
(2y2)4
= (2y2)(2y2)(2y2)(2y2)
= 64x15y6
= -128x35y14
= 16y8
Practice
1) (4y3)4
Simplify.
2) (3x4y7z6)5
3) (-7x9y6)2
Example 4Simplify.
23x5
6
2x5
6x25
45
3xy
20
12xy
PracticeSimplify1) (34)3
33
5xy
2) (6x)3 3) (3x5)4
4) (-3m4n2)2
5)
Multiplying and Dividing Multiplying and Dividing MonomialsMonomials
Example 1Multiply.
(7y)(2y)
= (7)(2)(y)(y)
= 14y2
(5a3)(3a2) = (5)(3)(a3)(a2)= 15a5
(-3x3)(4xy5) = (-3)(4)(x3)(x)(y5)
= -12x4y5
Practice
1) (3x)(-5)
Multiply.
2) (-m)(m)
3) (-x)2x3 4) (3p5q2)(4p2q3)
PracticeMultiply.
5) (4x5y5)(-2x6y4) 6) (-7y4)(-y)(2y3)
7) (7a5)(3a3)(-a5) 8) (9b2)(2b5)(-3b7)
Example 2Divide.
7
4yy
7 4y 3y
9
46a8a
2 5
4 39a b3a b
=34
a5
=3a
b2
2
Practice
1)
Divide.8
5xx 2
)
5
812m8m
3)
3 4
25x y5x y
4
)
15 7
14 632x y8x y