5. BASF India Ltd..pdf

Singapore

March 12, 2013

Mr. Dileep Patil

Manager, Technical Business Development

Plastic Additives South Asia

1

Yellow, Orange Lead Chromates & Molybdate –

“Now It's Time for Sustainable Alternative”

Table of content

Lead chromate: the time to change

Legislation

Impact on the plastic industry

Alternatives

Selection of alternatives

Matching of RAL shades: few examples

Need for lead free non-diarylide pigment

2

Lead chromates: the time to change

3

Current situation

Lead chromate pigments

have excellent resistance

combined with attractive

coloristic properties,

making them highly

competitive as regard to

"cost in use”.

Alternatives from BASF

Wide product portfolio:

organic as well as

inorganic pigments

Options that meet the

economic and technical

requirements

Restrictions

Regulations

Public awareness

Envoromental issues

Human health

The desire to recycle

New legislation on lead chromate

The European Commission has included lead chromate pigments in

Annex XIV of REACH regulation as substances with CMR* properties.

Lead chromate pigments will be banned in Europe as from May 21, 2015.

Companies active in Europe will no longer be allowed to produce, sell,

ship or store these products without authorization.

Requirements of authorization include

Chemical Safety Report

Analysis of possible alternatives

Substitution plan if alternatives available

Socio-economic analysis

Authorization could be refused.

4

* Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic. Risks with lead chromate are now considered greater than the benefits

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_chromate

Lead chromate: hazardous aspect

5

Children - more susceptible to the effects of lead

Lead(II) chromate is profoundly toxic, due to

containing both lead and hexavalent

chromium.

Lead(II) chromate is a poison, and can be

fatal if swallowed or inhaled, or absorbed

through the skin.

Lead(II) chromate is a known carcinogen,

developmental toxicant, and reproductive

toxicant.

Impact on the plastic industry

6

No segregation of raw materials and

finished goods.

Innovation in sustainable systems will be

accelerated.

New business opportunities .

Enhance companies’ reputation and

image.

Benefits Challenges

No drop-in replacement.

Important to understand how and

where the products are used.

Complex reformulation work.

Authorization to continue (lead

chromate) is likely to be granted only

for a limited period, (if at all).

Can offer expertise

and a broad,

dedicated portfolio of

lead-chromate-free

products to cater for all

types of chemistry.

Committed to support

customers in finding

the best balance

between performance

and color formulation

efficiency.

CICP and BiVa range

of in-organic pigments

help to enhance the

opacity and

performance.

How BASF can help?

7

Quinophthalone

Pteridine

Isoin

dolin

one

Isoindoline

Monoazo S

alt

Benzim

idazolo

ne

Dia

rylid

e

Dis

azo C

ondensation

DPP β-Naphtol

Pery

lene

Anthraquinone

BO

NA

(2

B-/

4B

-To

ne

r)

Quinacridone

Dioxazine

Cu-Phthalocyanine

Organic Pigments

Cobalt pigments

Iron oxide

Ox

ide

pig

me

nts

BiVa

Inorganic Pigments

Chemistries yellow color space

8

Benzimidazolone Y180, PO 64

Isoindolinone Y110

Greenish Yellow Reddish Yellow

Perf

orm

an

ce s

co

pe

BiVA Y184

Diarylide

PY 13, PY 14, PY 17, PY 83

Quinophthalone

Y138

Isoindolinone Y109

Lead Chromes (PY 34)

Isoindoline Y139

Azo-salts & coupling

PY 168, PY 62, PY 155, PY 183, PY 191…

Pteridine Y215

CICP

Chemistries yellow color space

9

Benzimidazolone Y180, PO 64

Isoindolinone Y110

Greenish Yellow Reddish Yellow

Perf

orm

an

ce s

co

pe

BiVA Y184

Diarylide

PY 13, PY 14, PY 17, PY 83

Quinophthalone

Y138

Isoindolinone Y109

Isoindoline Y139

Azo-salts & coupling

PY 168, PY 62, PY 155, PY 183, PY 191…

Pteridine Y215

CICP

Chemistries in orange – red space

10 Orange Scarlet Red Magenta

Quinacridone

PV19 red PR202 PV19 violet

Azo salts, Naphtols PR 276, 277, PO 79

PR122

Anthraquinone

PR177 Perylene

BONA red PR 48, PR 57

Azo-condensation PR 144, 166, 214

PR 104 – Molybdate

DPP

Opaque 254, 255

Lake Red C PR 53

Diaryls PO 36

Perf

orm

an

ce s

co

pe

PO 71 DPP transparent PR 264

CICP

Benzimidazolone

PO 64

Chemistries in orange – red space

11 Orange Scarlet Red Magenta

Quinacridone

PV19 red PR202 PV19 violet

Azo salts, Naphtols PR 276, 277, PO 79

PR122

Anthraquinone

PR177 Perylene

BONA red PR 48, PR 57

Azo-condensation PR 144, 166, 214

DPP

Opaque 254, 255

Lake Red C PR 53

Diaryls PO 36

Perf

orm

an

ce s

co

pe

PO 71 DPP transparent PR 264

CICP

Benzimidazolone

PO 64


Lead chromate pigments usually offer high performance at low cost.

Rather bright shades with high color strength (vs. other inorganic pigments).

Suitable for PVC, polyolefin, styrene and polyamide.

Very good resistance to heat and light exposure.

Fairly low cost per kilo.

BASF provides a broad range of alternatives available.

Based on organic and inorganic pigments.

Covering the whole color space.

Covering all polymers and performance levels.

Coloration costs per kilo vary, depending on chemistry and performance.

12

Best balance between performance & color formulation efficiency


- aspects to consider

There is no one-to-one solution available.

No single alternative with similar shade, performance profile and costs.

Selection of alternative is like a new color matching process. It could be useful to

define:

The respective polymers and select alternatives for each single one.

Maximum processing requirements, bearing the possibility of compromise in mind.

The most basic end-use properties.

An acceptable shade that could replace the current shade.

In the color matching process, it is worthwhile considering the following parameters:

Chromacity: achieved by organic pigments.

Opacity: achieved by inorganic pigments or TiO2.

Shading: organic or inorganic pigments that maintain the required performance.

13

Realize the need – get to know the alternative


- color positioning – yellows

14

Inc

rea

sin

g c

hro

ma

C*

Green shade

K 0990 FP

K 2060

K 2070

K 1210

K 1500

K 1070

K 1420

K 14151)

K 17401)

K 1300

K 1700

K 1841

K 1760

K 1410

K 1310

K 1011 K 2001

Green shade PY34

K 1120 FG Mid shade PY34

Red shade PY34

Red shade Yellow

K 13201) Lead chromate

pigments

Organic

pigments

Inorganic

pigments

1): Diarylide

pigments should not

be processed at

temperatures above

200°C.

See general

recommendations in

ETAD® information

bulletin N° 2.

Color positioning according to 1/3 ISD in PVC.


- color positioning – oranges and reds

15

K 2890

K 2960 K 29251)

K 2920

PR 104

K 2430

Yellow shade

Inc

rea

sin

g c

hro

ma

C*

Lead chromate

pigments

Organic

pigments

Inorganic

pigments

Red / blue shade Orange Red

Color positioning according to 1/3 ISD in PVC.

K 3690

K 3840

K 3845

K 3845 LW

K 4060 FP

1): Diarylide

pigments should not

be processed at

temperatures above

200°C.

See general

recommendations in

ETAD® information

bulletin N° 2.

16

BASF selection guide is split into:

• Polymer groups: PVC, polyolefin and polyamide.

• Products for dispersion-critical applications.

For PVC and polyolefin.

• Further split by performance level.

Top performance - Applications for longest life outdoors.

PVC: roofing, siding, tarpaulins, decorative films for cars and advertisement light boxes.

PO: crates, shading net.

High performance - Applications for longest life indoors and specific outdoor end products. PVC: higher quality flooring, decorative films for cars and advertisement light boxes.

PO: crates, shading net.

1

Mid performance: indoor applications and items exposed to weather for short periods. Pipes (storage time), fairly high quality packaging, standard flooring, furniture films and household machines.

Good enough performance/ cost driven: short lifetime applications. Industrial and non-food packaging, self decorative films and low cost flooring.


- BASF Selection Guide

Chain of requirements

17

By substrate

PE

PP

PVC

EP

By drivers & end-user

EH&S

Recycling

requirements

Brand owners lists

Halogen free …

By processing requirements

Injection molding

Heat resistance

Warping

Blow-molding

Extrusion

Roto-molding…

By color effect

Yellow

Orange

Red

Magenta

Violet

Blue, Green

Transparent

Opaque

By OEM end-use

Carpets

Pipes

Yogurt cups

Toys..

Outdoor use

Indoor use…

Only those pigments were selected, which offer within the before mentioned areas the

lowest cost at acceptable performance. To define these products, following color

matching exercises were done:

A) Matching the shade of lead chromates

Standard: 2% lead chromate

Polymer: f-PVC

Thickness: 0.4 mm

Opacity: 1) Similar to the standard

2) Achieving highest transparency

B) Matching different yellow and orange RAL shades

RAL (yellow): 1003, 1007, 1023, 1034

RAL (orange): 2000, 2004, 2010, 2012

Standard: RAL shades based on lead chromates formulation

Polymer: HD-PE

Thickness: 1.25 mm Opacity: Similar to the standard

BASF Selection guide

18

Recipes that match shades with consideration of economics & Performance

Internal Use Only

Cost saving by transparency

- BASF selection guide: PVC

Lead chromates pigments are classified as high opaque.

Lead chromates formulations are develop for cost/performance reasons

rather than opacity.

Opacity given by lead chromate is not always a must

Achieving similar opacity with lead free pigments is cost driver

Define highest achievable transparency to reduce costs

e.g. target: 2% Sicomin Yellow K 1922 in f-PVC – Good enough level

Similar opacity Highest transparency

2.00% Paliotol® Yellow K 1420 0.085% Cromophtal® Yellow K 1410

0.15% Paliotol® Yellow K 1760 FP 0.100% Paliotol Yellow K 1841

0.50% TiO2

Cost factor: High Cost factor: Low.

19

Create value with optimized cost/performance

20

1): Diarylide pigments should not be processed at temperatures above 200°C.

See general recommendations in ETAD® information bulletin N° 2.

2): Low warping solutions are available: Eupolen® PE Y. 20-0501 and Irgazin ® Red K 3840 LW.


- BASF selection guide: Examples (PO)

Performance

level

Selection guide by pigment shade area

Green shade

yellows

Mid shade

yellows

Red shade

yellows

Oranges

and Reds

Top performance

Cromophtal® Y. K 0990 FP

Sicotan® Y. K 1011

Sicopal® Y. K 1120 FG

Cromophtal® Y. K 1310 Sicotan® Y. K 2001

Irgazin® Y. K 20602)

Sicopal® O. K 2430

Irgazin® O. K 2890

Irgazin® Red K 3845 LW

High performance

Sicotan® Y. K 1011

Cromophtal® Y. K 1210


Sicotan® Y. K 2001

Irgazin® Y. L 20602)

Sicopal® O. K 2430

Irgazin® O. K 2890

Irgazin® Red K 38402)

Mid performance

(Processing temp. > 200°C)

Sicotan® Y. K 1011

Paliotol® Y. K 1070

Cromophtal® Y. 2GF






Sicotan® Y. K 2001

Sicopal® O. K 2430

Cromophtal® O. K 2960

Irgazin® Red K 38402)

Good enough

performance/

Cost driven

(Processing temp. < 200°C)

Sicotan® Y. K 1011


Irgalite® Y. K 13201)




Sicotan® Y. K 2001

Sicopal® O. K 2430

Paliotol® O. K 2920

Irgalite® O. K 29251)

Irgalite® Red K 3690

Irgalite® Red K 4060 FP

Oranges

and Reds


- BASF selection guide: Examples (PO)

21

Performance

level

Selection guide by RAL shade

RAL 1023

Traffic Yellow

C/R * RAL 1003

Signal Yellow

C/R * RAL 1007

Chrome Yellow

C/R * RAL 1034

Pastel Yellow

C/R *

Long lasting

Outdoor



+++ Irgazin® Y. K 20602)

Sicopal® Y. K 1120

++++

+



+++++ Cromophtal® Y. K

0990

Irgazin® R. K 3845 LW

+++++

Seasonal

outdoor &

Long lasting

indoor

Sicotan® Y. K 1010


FP

+++ Cromophtal® Y. K

1500


++++ Irgazin® Y. K 20602)


+++++ Cromophtal® Y. K

1500 FP

Irgazin® R. K 38402)

+++

Indoor Eupolen® Y. 11-5501

Paliotol® Y. K 1760FP

++ Paliotol® Y. K 1420


+ Paliotol® Y. K 1841

++ Paliotol® Y. K 1841

Irgazin® R. K 38402)

+

Indoor /

Diarylide

pigments



- Irgalite® Y. K 14151)


- Irgalite® Y. K 17401)


- Irgalite® Y. K 1740


-

1): Diarylide pigments should not be processed at temperatures above 200°C.

See general recommendations in ETAD® information bulletin N° 2.

2): Low warping solutions are available: Eupolen® PE Y. 20-0501 and Irgazin ® Red K 3840 LW.

• C/R : Cost Ratio.

- Almost similar to formulation based on Lead Chromate

+++++ Very High

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Certain applications, e.g. thin film and

fibers, require excellent dispersion

properties.

Cromophtal® Yellow K 0990 FP



Paliotol® Yellow K 1760 FP

Paliotol® Yellow K 1841 FP

Irgazin® Yellow K 2060 FP

Alternatives are available, but be aware of

limitations: • Sicotan® Yellow K 1011

• Sicopal® Yellow K 1160 FG

• Cromophtal® Yellow K 1310

• Paliotol® Yellow K 1700



• Sicotan® Yellow K 2001

• Sicopal® Orange K 2430

• Paliogen® Red K 3580

• Cromophtal® Red K 3830

• Paliogen® Red K 3911

Dispersion Critical Applications Polyamide Applications

: Suitable : Potential


- BASF selection guide

Certified quality from BASF

Need for lead free non-diarylide pigment

23

Take the initiative and achieve competitive advantage.

Chemistry landscape (in red shade

yellow pigments)

HPP organic: High coloring costs in

relation to high performance

Diarylides: Very strong and most

cost effective pigments to formulate

with after Lead chromes

Inorganic (Pb): Excellent

combination of chroma, opacity and

coloring costs.

Inorganic (CICP): Titanates are

opaque but weak and with low

Chroma.

Megatrends

Ban the use of heavy metal

containing pigments

Continued pressure on use of

diarylide pigments

Plastic value chain willing to adopt

“good enough” solutions

Drivers are repeated increase of

RM costs and potential for

optimizing cost.

Make the world a better place

24

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