4.A.3. Shade Shadow - LA City Planning · 4.A.3 SHADE/SHADOW ... East of LACMA, within Hancock...

CityofLosAngeles AcademyMuseumofMotionPicturesProjectSCH#2013051086 4.A.3‐1

4.A.3 SHADE/SHADOW

1. INTRODUCTION

ThissectiondescribesthepotentialfortheProjecttoresultinshade/shadowimpacts.Newconstructionhasthepotentialtoblocksunlightfromlandusesthataresensitivetotheeffectsofshading.Althoughshadingiscommonandexpected inurbanareas, and is consideredabeneficial featurewhen itprovides cover fromexcess sunlight and heat, it can have an adverse impact if it interferes with sun‐dependent activities, asdescribedbelow.

Shadow effects depend on several factors, including the local topography, height, and bulk of a project’sstructuralelements,sensitivityofadjacentlanduses,season,anddurationofshadowprojection.Accordingto the L.A. CEQAThresholdsGuide, facilities and operations considered sensitive to the effects of shadingincluderoutinelyuseableoutdoorspacesassociatedwithresidential,recreational,orinstitutionallanduses(e.g., schools, convalescent homes); commercial uses such as pedestrian‐oriented outdoor spaces orrestaurantswithoutdoordiningareas;nurseries;andexistingsolarcollectors. Theseusesareconsideredsensitivebecausesunlightisimportanttofunction,physicalcomfort,orcommerce.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

a. Existing Conditions

(1) Project Vicinity

AsdiscussedinChapter2.0,ProjectDescription,ofthisDraftEIR,theProjectSiteislocatedatthewesternedge of the LACMA Campus and encompasses approximately 2.2 acres bordered by LACMA’s BroadContemporaryArtMuseum,stairstothePritzkerGarage,andDwightM.KendallConcourseontheeast;theResnickExhibitionPavilion to thenortheast;LACMA’sResnickNorthLawn to thenorth,withSixthStreetforming the northern boundary of the LACMACampus; andWilshire Boulevard to the south; and FairfaxAvenuetothewest.

TheLACMACampusiscomprisedofLACMAWestandLACMAEast,generallywestandeastofthevacatedOgdenDrive. LACMAWestencompassesapproximately8acres, includingtheProjectSite. LACMAEast islocated within the approximately 23‐acre Hancock Park along with the Page Museum/La Brea Tar Pits.LACMAWest (includingtheProjectSite)andLACMAEast, includingHancockPark,occupytheentireCityblockboundedbySixthStreet,WilshireBoulevard,CursonAvenue,andFairfaxAvenue.TheLACMACampuscomprisesatotalofeightbuildings,aswellasgardensandotheropenspace,mostofwhicharelocatednorthof themuseum buildings. East of LACMA, within Hancock Park, the PageMuseum occupies a low‐slungbuilding surrounded by lawn and landscaped areas, viewing stations for the La Brea Tar Pits, pedestrianpaths,andsurfaceparking.TheBroadContemporaryArtMuseumandResnickExhibitionPavilion,adjacenttotheProjectSite,areapproximately90and38feetinheight,respectively.Figure2‐2,AerialPhotographofProjectSiteandVicinity,inChapter2.0,ProjectDescription,ofthisDraftEIRprovidesanaerialphotooftheLACMACampus,HancockPark,andthePageMuseum/LaBreaTarPitsandsurroundinglanduses.

ElsewhereintheProjectvicinity,theMuseumRowsegmentofWilshireBoulevard,withinwhichtheProjectSite and the LACMA Campus are located, is generally densely developedwithmid‐ to high‐rise buildingsoccupyinglotsofvaryingsizesthataregenerallyconstructeduptothepropertylinesandstreetfrontages.

4.A.3 Shade/Shadow August 2014


Themajorityofbuildingsarebetweenthreeandsixstoriesinheight,withLACMAbuildingsformingamoreorlesscontinuouswallalongthenorthsideofWilshireBoulevard,interruptedonlybytheopenspacewithinHancockPark.Notableexceptionstothemid‐risecharacterofMuseumRowincludethetwotallestbuildingsintheProjectvicinity:the15‐storyCityNationalBankhigh‐riseofficebuildingonthesouthwestcornerofWilshireBoulevardandFairfaxAvenue,andthe32‐story,443‐foot‐highMutualBenefitLifebuilding,locateddirectlyacrossWilshireBoulevardfromtheAhmansonBuilding.WestofFairfaxAvenue,WilshireBoulevardisdevelopedwithamorevaried,piecemealmixoflow‐risecommercialbuildingsandstripmalls,andmid‐rise and high‐rise office towers, with building heights increasing closer to San Vicente Boulevard. ThevarietyofbuildingheightsalongMuseumRowandalongWilshireBoulevardeastofFairfaxAvenuecreatesvaryingpatternsofshadowsthatrotatetowardthewest,north,andeast,accordingtothemovementofthesun.

ThewestsideofFairfaxAvenue,betweenWilshireBoulevardandSixthStreet,andforseveralblocksnorthofSixthStreet,ispredominantlydevelopedwithsingle‐storybuildingshousingretailandprofessionalofficeuses.Theonlynon‐commercialuseonthewestsideofFairfaxAvenueintheProjectvicinityisthesix‐storymixedusecommercial‐residentialcondominiumbuildingatthecornerofFairfaxAvenueandOrangeStreet(637FairfaxAvenue),directlyadjacenttotheProjectSite.Thecondominiumunits,whichoccupytheupperfivestoriesaboveground‐floorcommercialuses,havewindowsandbalconies facingeast,overlooking theProject Site. North‐facing units also havewindows and balconies; south‐facing units only havewindows.Thebuilding’srooftopisusedforoutdooractivitiesandcontainsplanterswithtreesandseating.Thislanduserepresentsashade‐sensitivereceptorandistheclosestreceptortotheProjectSite,approximately140feetdiagonallynorthwestoftheMayCompanyBuilding(i.e.,theOriginalBuildingand1946Addition)and100feetwestoftheProjectSiteboundary.

IntheProjectvicinity,SixthStreetislinedalongitssouthsidebyLACMAandHancockPark,andthe160‐acreParkLaBrearesidentialdevelopmentalongitsnorthside,extendingwestfromFairfaxAvenueforseveralblocks.ParkLaBreacomprisestwo‐storygardenapartments,someofwhichfrontontoSixthStreetnorthoftheProjectSite,and1813‐storyresidentialtowersclusteredinthecenterofthedevelopment,2,000feetormorefromtheProjectSite. ResidentialgardenapartmentsliningSixthStreetarethenearestParkLaBrearesidences to the Project Site and represent shade‐sensitive receptors; they are approximately 450 feetnorthoftheOriginalBuildingand1946Addition,and300feetnorthofthenorthernProjectSiteboundary.

(2) Project Site

TheProjectSite isdevelopedwiththeexistingOriginalBuildingand1946Addition,whichare fivestoriesand94feetaboveadjacentgrade,witharooftopmechanicalroomreaching111feetaboveadjacentgrade.TheremainderoftheProjectSite,asdescribedindetailinChapter2.0,ProjectDescription,ofthisDraftEIR,includesaloadingdockservingthebuilding,servicedriveways,andagravellotusedinthepastforsurfaceparking.TheOriginalBuildingand1946Additionarebuiltuptothesouthernandwesternpropertylinesatthe sidewalks lining Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax Avenue, and occupies a building footprint ofapproximately258feet(east‐west,asmeasuredalongtheWilshireBoulevardfrontage)and178feet(northsouth).ThebuildingsetbackfromtheeasternProjectSiteboundaryisapproximately15feet,withdistancetoLACMA’sadjacentBroadContemporaryArtMuseumtotheeastvaryingbetweenapproximately50and75feet. ThenorthernProjectSiteboundary issetback fromtheSixthStreetcurb linebyapproximately200feet,behindtheResnickNorthLawn.

August 2014 4.A.3 Shade/Shadow


Under existing conditions, the Original Building and 1946 Addition cast shadows north onto the on‐sitesurface parking area and service driveway throughout the year. The greatest extent of off‐site shadingoccursduringthewintersolstice(December21st)whenthesunisfarthesttothesouthandthereforelowest(seesubsection3.a,Methodology,below, for furtherdiscussionofshadowbearingsand lengthatdifferenttimesofyear).Atthewintersolstice,theOriginalBuildingand1946AdditioncastmorningshadowsacrossFairfaxAvenueandontotheeasternfaçadeoftheresidentialcondominiumbuildingatFairfaxAvenueandOrangeStreet.Shadingofthecondominiumbuildingcontinuesuntilapproximately9:45A.M.atthistimeofyear.1 TheOriginalBuildingand1946Additiondonotshadetheresidentialcondominiumbuildingduringthesummersolstice(June21st)orthespringandfallequinoxes(approximatelyMarch21standSeptember21st,respectively).

Alsoatthewintersolstice, theOriginalBuildingand1946AdditioncastafternoonshadowsonportionsoftheBroadContemporaryArtMuseumandResnickExhibitionPavilionimmediatelytotheeast. Shadingofthese buildings lasts for less than three consecutive hours between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M.duringthewintersolstice.Duringthesummersolsticeandthespringandfallequinoxes,thebuildingcastsafternoonshadowsononlyaportionof theBroadContemporaryArtMuseum. Shading lasts for lessthanthree hours during the winter solstice and spring equinox, and less than four hours during the summersolsticeandfallequinox.

The primary function of the LACMA Campus is patronage of cultural amenities. No LACMA facilities inproximity to theProjectSitecontainsolarcollectorsorusesunlight forother functions,expectedphysicalcomfort, or commerce. Therefore, the LACMA Campus, including the Broad Contemporary Art Museum,ResnickExhibitionPavilion,andResnickNorthLawn,arenotconsideredshade‐sensitiveuses.

b. Regulatory Framework Summary

Shadingofsensitivelandusesisnotstatutorilyregulatedatthelocal,regional,orstatewidelevel,althoughtheCommercialCitywideDesignGuidelinesevaluated inSection4.A.1,Aesthetics,containaprovisionthatincludesareferencetothepreventionofharshnighttimeshadowsontoadjacentpropertiesastheresultofunshielded light fixtures.2 Shading impacts are primarily addressed through CEQA review, pursuant toguidanceprovidedintheL.A.CEQAThresholdsGuide,asfurtherdiscussedinsubsection3.b,below.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

a. Methodology

Aproject’spotentialforshadingadjacentshade‐sensitivelandusesisdeterminedbydefiningtheheightandbulkofproposedbuildingsorstructures;mappingthefootprint(i.e.,locationandshape)andheightofthoseproposedbuildingsandstructures;anddiagrammingshadowpatternscastontooff‐sitepropertiesduringthemost extreme, or conservative, conditions: thewinter solstice (December 21st) when the sun is at itslowestpointintheskyandshadowsarethelongest,andsummersolstice(June21st)whenthesunisatits

1 ExistingshadingconditionsaredeterminedbyshadowmodelingprovidedinFigures4.A.3‐1through4.A.3‐4ofthissection.2 CityofLosAngelesDesignGuidelinesObjective6,Lightingand Security,Provision3. SeeTable5,Comparisonof theProject to

Applicable Policies of the Commercial CitywideDesign Guidelines, in Appendix C‐1 of thisDraft EIR for a discussion of Projectconsistencywiththisprovision.



highestpointandshadowsaretheshortest.Thesolsticesrefertothetwopointsontheearth’spatharoundthe sun between the two equinoxes and are generally considered the beginning of winter and summer,respectively.

Forpurposesof this impactanalysis,winter isdefinedascorresponding toPacificStandardTime(“PST”),betweenthefirstSundayinNovemberandsecondSundayinMarch,andspring,summer,andfallaredefinedascorrespondingtoPacificDaylightTime(“PDT”),betweenthesecondSundayinMarchandfirstSundayinNovember.

Shadow length and bearing (that is, the direction in which shadows are cast, expressed in degrees fromnorth)aredependenton the latitudeofaproject site,whichdictates therelativeangleof thesun. InLosAngeles, themaximum shadow a building can cast is approximately equivalent to three times its height,duringthewintersolstice.

Thepotentialforoff‐siteshadingimpactsisdependentonthedistanceanddirectionbetweenaprojectsiteandthenearestshade‐sensitivelanduses.InaccordancewiththeL.A.CEQAThresholdsGuide,shade/shadowanalysesaregenerallyundertakenwhenthereispotentialforshade‐sensitiveusestobeplacedinshadowbyaproposedprojectforthreeormorehoursinthewinterorspring,orfourormorehoursinthesummerorfall,atwhichpointshadingmaybeconsideredtointerferewithactivitiesonthatoff‐siteproperty.3

Inordertodeterminewhethershading impactswouldhaveasignificant impactonthetwooff‐siteshade‐sensitivereceptors,shadingdiagramswerepreparedbasedonmodelsoftheProjectprovidedbytheProjectarchitects. These diagrams illustrate the linear extent and breadth of building shadows and durations ofshadingwithrespecttothethresholdlimitsestablishedintheL.A.CEQAThresholdsGuide. Thedurationofshadingofoff‐sitelanduseswasdeterminedbyusinga3DmodeloftheProjectSiteprovidebytheProjectarchitects and Trimble’s SketchUp Pro software program to create animatedmodels to diagram shadowlength,bearing,andtimedmovementacrossoff‐sitelandusesduringtheseasonsspecifiedintheL.A.CEQAThresholdsGuide,withadjustmentstoreflectDaylightSavingsTimeasnotedbelow.Theshadingdurationsevaluatedincludeshadowsgeneratedatthewintersolsticeandspringequinoxbetween9:00A.M.PSTand3:00 P.M. PST; and at the summer solstice and fall equinox between 9:00 A.M. PDT and 5:00 P.M. PDT.Shadowsforallothertimesoftheyearcanbeinterpolatedbetweenthesefourseasonsandwouldnotexceedtheshadowsdiagrammedatthesefourtimesofyear.

Itshouldbenotedthat,asof2007, theUnitedStatesobservedDaylightSavingsTimebetweenthesecondSundayinMarchandthefirstSundayinNovember,andshadowdiagramsforthisanalysiswerepreparedtoreflectshadowsonthesedates.Previously,thestartandenddatesforDaylightSavingsTimewerethefirstSunday in April and the last Sunday in October, which are the dates contained within the L.A. CEQAGuidelines,nowoutdatedandthereforenotcarriedforwardinthisanalysis.

b. Threshold of Significance

AppendixG of the StateCEQAGuidelines does not provide screening questions that address impactswithregardtoshading.Therefore,thresholdstoevaluatetheimpactsofshadingonthephysicalenvironmentare3 CityofLosAngeles,L.A.CEQAThresholdsGuide,(2006),pageA.3‐2.



based on the L.A. CEQAThresholdsGuide. According to the L.A. CEQAThresholdsGuide, a project impactwouldnormallybeconsideredsignificantif:

Shadow‐sensitive uses would be shaded by project‐related structures for more than three hoursbetweenthehoursof9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.PST,(betweenlateOctoberandearlyApril),orformorethan four hours between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. PDT (between early April and lateOctober).

Basedon theabove,andupdated to reflect thecurrentlyobserveddurationsofPSTandPDT,4 theProjectwouldhaveasignificantshade/shadowimpactif:

SHAD‐1 Shadow‐sensitive uses would be shaded more than three hours between the hours of9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.PST(betweenearlyNovemberandmid‐March),orformorethanfourhours between the hours of 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. PDT (between mid‐March and earlyNovember).

c. Project Characteristics

TheProjectwouldretaintheOriginalBuilding,removethe1946Addition,andaddtheSpheretothenorthoftheOriginalBuilding.TheSpherewouldbeuptoapproximately165feetinwidthanduptoapproximately130feetinheightaboveadjacentgrade,andwouldbeelevatedapproximately12feetabovethePiazza.TheSpherewould be set back approximately 70 feet from thewestern Project Site boundary. Because of itssetbacksfromtheProjectSiteboundaries,theSphereisexpectedtobelocatedapproximately170feetfromthe condominium building to the west across Fairfax Avenue; 50 feet south of the southern edge of theResnickNorthLawn;andapproximately375feetsouthofthenearestParkLaBrearesidencestothenorthacrossSixthStreet.

d. Project Impacts

ThresholdSHAD‐1: TheProjectwouldhavea significant shade/shadow impact if shadow‐sensitiveuseswouldbe shadedmore than threehoursbetween thehoursof9:00A.M. and3:00P.M.PST (betweenearlyNovemberandmid‐March),or formorethan fourhoursbetweenthehoursof9:00A.M.and5:00P.M.PDT(betweenmid‐MarchandearlyNovember).

ImpactStatementSHAD‐1: TheProjectwouldnot shade shadow‐sensitiveuses formore than threehoursbetweenthehoursof9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.PST,ormorethanfourhoursbetweenthehoursof9:00A.M.and5:00P.M.PDT.Shade/shadowimpactswouldbelessthansignificant.

Table 4.A.3‐1, ShadingDuration on Condominium Building at 637 Fairfax Avenue atWinter and SummerSolsticeand SpringandFallEquinox, indicates the duration of shading of this residential land use,whichrepresentstheonlyshade‐sensitivereceptoraffectedbytheProject.Thesedurationswerederivedfromtheanimatedmodel prepared to diagram shadow length, bearing, and the timing andduration of shading, as

4 Asof2007,asaresultoftheEnergyPolicyActof2005,mostoftheUnitedStatesobservesDaylightSavingTimebetweenthesecond

SundayinMarchandthefirstSundayinNovember.Previously,between1987and2006,thestartandenddatesforDaylightSavingTimewerethefirstSundayinAprilandthelastSundayinOctober.



discussedinsubsection3.a,Methodology,above.Thetableisfollowedbydetailedanalysisofthesefindingsandfindingsregardingotheroff‐siteshadowsresultingfromProjectimplementation.

(1) Winter Solstice

Figure4.A.3‐1,WinterSolsticeShadows‐December21,illustratesfutureshadowconditionsduringthewintersolstice. The diagram,which is based on the Project’s height andmass, depicts the shading pattern thatwouldbecreatedbytheOriginalBuildingandtheSphere. At9:00A.M., theOriginalBuildingwouldcastashadowacrossFairfaxAvenueandontothesouth‐andeast‐facingfaçadesofthecondominiumbuildingat637 Fairfax Avenue until approximately 9:45 A.M., as under existing conditions; only the ground‐floorcommercialusesandparkingpodiumstructurearethereforeaffected.Duringafternoonhours,theOriginalBuildingwouldcastshadowsonportionsof theBroadContemporaryArtMuseumandResnickExhibitionPavilion to the east,which arenot sensitive receptors, for less than three consecutivehoursbetween thehoursof9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.,asunderexistingconditions.

TheSpherewouldbetallerthantheexisting1946Addition,andtheSpherewouldextendfarthernorthontheProjectSitethanthe1946Additioncurrentlydoes,creatingnewoff‐siteshadowscomparedtoexistingconditions. As shown in Figure 4.A.3‐1, the Sphere’s 9:00 A.M. shadow would extend northwest acrossFairfax Avenue to a point approximately midway between Orange and Sixth Streets. Off‐site areas thatwouldbeshadedincludethesidewalksonbothsidesofFairfaxAvenue,theroadway,andthefrontedgesofsingle‐storyretailusesonthewestsideofFairfaxAvenue.Althoughshadedduringthe9:00A.M.period

Table 4.A.3‐1

Shading Duration on Condominium Building at 637 Fairfax Avenue at Winter and Summer Solstice and Spring and Fall Equinox

Shading Commences

Shading Ends

Shading Duration

Project Site Source of Shading

Affected Area ofSensitive Receptor

WinterSolstice

9:00A.M. 9:45A.M. 45minutes

OriginalBuilding Shadesportionof1stfloor,east‐andsouth‐facingfaçades(commercialbusinessandpodiumparkingstructurewall)ofcondominiumbuilding

SpringEquinox

9:00A.M. 9:15A.M. 15minutes

Sphere

Portionof1stfloor,east‐facingfaçade(ground‐floorcommercialusesandlobby)ofcondominiumbuilding

SummerSolstice

N/A N/A N/A N/ANoshadingofcondominiumbuildingfromexistingornewProjectbuildings

FallEquinox N/A N/A N/A N/ANoshadingofcondominiumbuildingfromexistingornewProjectbuildings

Source:PCRServicesCorporation,2014

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under existing conditions, the sidewalks and the commercial uses to the west of Fairfax Avenue are notconsideredshade‐sensitiveundertheL.A.CEQAThresholdsGuide.Sunlightisnotnecessarytotheirfunctionor to the type of commerce represented by these uses. No solar collectors would be affected. All newshading during the morning period would last for less than the three‐hour threshold limit at any singlelocation,includingthecondominiumbuilding.Priorto12:00P.M.,theProject’sshadowwouldbeentirelytotheeastofFairfaxAvenue.Therefore,theProjectwouldnotexceedtheCity’sshadingthresholdduringthemorningperiod.

Midday shadows would be cast due north of the Sphere and would primarily shade the on‐site servicedriveway at the north edge of the Project Site and a portion of the Resnick North Lawn. Although thebuildingshadowwouldmovequicklyacrosstheResnickNorthLawn,becauseoftheproximityofthelawntotheSphere,asmallsectionofthelawnwouldbeshadedbytheSphereforapproximatelythreehoursduringthemiddayperiod. TheintensityoftheshadingeffectmaybesomewhatreducedbylightpassingthroughthepartiallytransparentlyglazedupperportionoftheSphere.TheResnickNorthLawnispartoftheLACMACampusandisnotconsideredashade‐sensitiveuse.

TheshadowoftheSpherewouldmovetotheResnickExhibitionPavilionatapproximately3:00P.M.,whichisthelasthourunderwhichtheshadingthresholdapplies. TheResnickExhibitionPaviliondoesnotcontainsolar panels, is not considered a shade‐sensitive use, and would not be shaded for more than threeconsecutivehoursbetweenthehoursof9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.At3:00P.M.,theshadowoftheSpherewouldshadetheResnickNorthLawnandonlyasmallcorneroftheResnickExhibitionPavilion.Noshade‐sensitiveuseswouldbeshadedduringthelateafternoonhoursandtheProjectwouldnotshadeanyshade‐sensitiveusesformorethanthreeconsecutivehoursbetweenthehoursof9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.ShadowsfromtheProjectwouldnotshadetheParkLaBrearesidentialneighborhoodtothenorthofSixthAvenueduringanypartoftheday.Therefore,theProjectwouldnotexceedtheCity’sshadethresholdduringthewintersolsticeandwouldhavealessthansignificantimpactduringthistimeofyear.

(2) Spring Equinox

Figure 4.A.3‐2, Spring Equinox Shadows‐March 21, illustrates future shade conditions during the springequinox.AsshowninFigure4.A.3‐2,at9:00A.M.,theshadowfromtheSpherewouldextendtothewestsideofFairfaxAvenueand theeastwallof the condominiumbuildingat637FairfaxAvenue, shadingonly theground‐floorcommercialusesandlobby.By9:15A.M.,theshadowoftheSpherewouldmoveawayfromtheeast wall of the condominium building to the sidewalk at the front of the building. The condominiumbuildingwouldnolongerbeshadedatthispoint.By11:00A.M.,theshadowoftheSpherewouldbeconfinedtotheeastsideofFairfaxAvenue.Therefore,theProjectwouldnotexceedtheCity’sthree‐hourthresholdcriterionatashade‐sensitiveuseduringthemorninghours.

Between11:00A.M.and3:00P.M.,theshadowoftheSpherewouldmoveacrosstheon‐siteservicedrivewayat the north edge of the Project Site. A small portion of the Resnick North Lawn along the Project Siteboundarycouldbeshadedcontinuouslyforapproximatelytwohoursbetween1:00P.M.and3:00P.M. Theshadow of the Original Building would move across portions of the Broad Contemporary Art Museumbetweenthehoursof3:00P.M.and5:00P.M.,asunderexistingconditions.TheshadowoftheSpherewouldextendtoaportionof theResnickExhibitionPavilionbetweenapproximately4:00P.M.and5:00P.M. TheResnick Exhibition Pavilion and the Broad Contemporary Art Museum would not be shaded during theafternoonperiodpriorto3:00P.M.Noshade‐sensitiveuseswouldbeshadedduringthelateafternoonhoursandtheProjectwouldnotshadeanyshade‐sensitiveuses formorethanthreeconsecutivehoursbetween



thehoursof9:00A.M.and3:00P.M.ShadowsfromtheProjectwouldnotshadetheParkLaBrearesidentialneighborhoodnorthofSixthStreetduringanypartoftheday,duetoitsdistancefromtheProjectSite.TheProjectwouldnotexceedtheCity’sshadethresholdduringthespringequinoxandwouldhavea lessthansignificantshadeimpactatthistimeofyear.

(3) Summer Solstice

Figure4.A.3‐3,SummerSolsticeShadows‐June21, illustratesfutureshadowconditionsduringthesummersolstice.AsshowninFigure4.A.3‐3,at9:00A.M.,theshadowoftheOriginalBuildingwouldreachthewestsideofFairfaxAvenue.By11:00A.M.,thisshadowwouldrecedetotheeastsideofFairfaxAvenue.At9:00A.M.newshadows from theSpherewouldextend to the sidewalkat theeast sideofFairfaxAvenue. ThisshadowwouldbeconfinedtotheeastsideofFairfaxAvenuealmostentirelywithintheProjectSiteby11:00A.M.Nosensitiveuseswouldbeshadedandnooff‐siteuseswouldbeshadedformorethanfourconsecutivehoursduringthemorninghours.

Between11:00A.M.and3:00P.M.,theshadowoftheSpherewouldmoveacrosstheon‐siteservicedrivewayatthenorthedgeoftheProjectSite.Noneofthemiddayshadowswouldextendoff‐site.TheshadowoftheOriginalBuildingwouldmoveacrossthewestedgeoftheBroadContemporaryArtMuseumafter3:00P.M.until5:00P.M.,asunderexistingconditions.NewshadingfromtheSpherewouldextendtotheloadingareajustwestoftheResnickExhibitionPavilionafter3:00P.M.andby5:00P.M.,shadowsfromtheSpherewouldjustreachthewestwalloftheResnickExhibitionPavilion.TheProjectwouldnotshadeanyoff‐siteusesformore than four consecutivehoursbetween thehoursof9:00A.M. and5:00P.M. andwouldnot shade anysensitiveuses.ShadowsfromtheProjectwouldnotshadetheParkLaBrearesidentialneighborhoodtothenorthofSixthAvenueduringanypartoftheday. TheProjectwouldnotexceedtheCity’sshadethresholdduringthesummersolsticeandwouldhavealessthansignificantimpactatthistimeofyear.

(4) Fall Equinox

Figure 4.A.3‐4, Fall Equinox Shadows‐September 21, illustrates future shadow conditions during the fallequinox.AsshowninFigure4.A.3‐4,at9:00A.M.,theshadowoftheOriginalBuildingwouldreachretailusesandparkingalongthewestsideofFairfaxAvenuebutwouldnotaffectthemulti‐familyresidentialbuilding.By11:00A.M.,thisshadowwouldrecedetotheeastsideofFairfaxAvenue.At9:00A.M.,theshadowoftheSphere would extend into the Fairfax Avenue and Orange Street intersection, but would not affect theresidentialbuilding.By11:00A.M.,thisshadowwouldbeconfinedtotheeastsideofFairfaxAvenuealmostentirely within the Project Site. No off‐site, shade‐sensitive uses would be shaded for more than fourconsecutivehoursduringthemorninghours.

Between11:00A.M.and3:00P.M.,theshadowoftheSpherewouldmoveacrosstheon‐siteservicedrivewayatthenorthedgeoftheProjectSite.AsmallportionoftheResnickNorthLawnalongtheedgeoftheProjectSitecouldbeshadedcontinuouslyforapproximatelythreehoursbetweenapproximately12:00P.M.and3:00P.M.Aspreviouslydiscussed,lightpassingthroughthespherewouldreducetheintensityoftheshade.Theshadowof theOriginalBuildingwouldmoveacrossportionsof theBroadContemporaryArtMuseumandtheResnickExhibitionPavilionbetween thehoursof3:00P.M.and5:00P.M.,asunderexistingconditions.Betweenapproximately4:00P.M.and5:00P.M.,newshadingfromtheSpherewouldextendtoaportionofthe Resnick Exhibition Pavilion. No off‐site useswould be shaded formore than four consecutive hoursduring the afternoon period and the Project would not shade any shade‐sensitive uses more than fourconsecutivehoursbetween9:00A.M.and5:00P.M.ShadowsfromtheProjectwouldnotshadetheParkLaBreaneighborhoodtothenorthofSixthAvenueduringanypartoftheday.TheProjectwouldnotexceed

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theCity’sshadethresholdduringtheautumnalequinoxandwouldhavealessthansignificantimpactatthistimeofyear.

e. Cumulative Impacts

Related projects containing mid‐ and high‐rise components would cast shadows on adjacent off‐siteproperties.Someoftheseadjacent,off‐siteareascouldbedevelopedwithshade‐sensitivesensitiveuses.AslistedinChapter3,GeneralDescriptionofEnvironmentalSetting,relatedprojectscontainingmid‐andhigh‐riseusesincludethefollowing:

RelatedProjectNo.1,WilshireSkyline(21stories);

RelatedProjectNo.2,Desmond’sTower(10stories);

RelatedProjectNo.12,WilshireandCrescentHeightsMixedUse(18stories);

RelatedProjectNo.16,WilshireLaBreaHighRiseMixedUse(6stories);and

RelatedProjectNo.27,MuseumSquare(13stories).

Cumulative shading impacts would occur when related projects are sufficiently close that shadows fromindividualbuildingswouldcombine to createperiodsof consecutive shading thatwouldexceed theCity’sthresholdlimits.

The related projects are generally spaced several blocks apart from each other or from the Project Site.RelatedProjectsNo.27, locatedontheothersideofthePageMuseumonthenortheastcornerofWilshireBoulevardandCursonAvenue,and12, locatedatthenortheastcornerofWilshireBoulevardandCrescentHeights Boulevard, would be the nearest related projects to the Project Site. The Project Site isapproximately 0.2 miles from either project. Related Project No. 27 has the potential to shade themultifamily Museum Terraces apartment building to its north and Related Project No. 12 is locatedimmediatelysouthofaresidentialneighborhoodfrontingCrescentHeightsBoulevardandhasthepotentialto shade sensitive residential uses along this street. The Project, however, would not contribute to anyshadingoftheseusesbecauseofitsdistancefrombothprojectsandthelandusestheycouldaffect.

All other related projects would be farther from the Project Site and have less potential for cumulativeshading. Therefore,becauseofthedistancebetweenrelatedprojectsortheorientationofrelatedprojectsrelative to off‐site areas potentially shadedby theProject, shadows causedby relatedprojectswouldnotcombine to create new shading that would exceed the City’s threshold limits. Therefore, the Project’sincremental contribution to cumulatively significant shade/shadow impacts, considered together withrelatedprojects,wouldbelessthancumulativelyconsiderable.

4. MITIGATION MEASURES

The Project would have less than significant impacts on shade/shadow. No mitigation measures arerequired.



5. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE AFTER MITIGATION

Project impactsonshade/shadowweredeterminedtobelessthansignificantandnomitigationmeasuresarerequired.

4.A.3. Shade Shadow - LA City Planning · 4.A.3 SHADE/SHADOW ... East of LACMA, within Hancock...

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Transcript of 4.A.3. Shade Shadow - LA City Planning · 4.A.3 SHADE/SHADOW ... East of LACMA, within Hancock...