TYPES OF MIC ROORGANIS M.TYPES OF MIC ROORGANIS M.

MICROORGANISM

FUNGIBACTERIA

PROTOZOAALGAE

VIRUSSES

ALGAEALGAE

UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMREPRODUCE BY FORMING SPORE, (YEAST & MOULD)

FUNGI

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMLIVE IN WATER (PARAMECIUM SP. & AMOEBA SP.)

PROTOZOA

UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMCAN CARRY PHOTOSYNTHESIS ( SPIROGYRA SP.)

ALGAE

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMREPRODUCES BY BINARY FISSION (COCCUS)FORM SPORES UNDER ADVERSE CONDITION.

BACTERIA

SMALLEST MICROORGANISMHAS VARIOUS SHAPE; CYLINDER, SPHERECANNOT BE CLASSIFY AS LIVING ORG, IT CAN ONLY MULTIPLY IN LIVING CELLIT CRYSTALLIZES OUTSIDE LIVING CELLBASIC COMPONENT IS NUCLEAR ACID & OUTER PROTEIN COATVIRUS CAUSES VARIOUS KINDS OD DISEASE

VIRUS

CHARACTERISTICMICROORGANISM

PA THO GEN S, VECTO RS, SYM PTO M & PA THO GEN S, VECTO RS, SYM PTO M & ME THO D IN TR ANS MI SSI ON OF DISEA SESME THO D IN TR ANS MI SSI ON OF DISEA SES

REDDISH CIRCULAR RASHES, LESION & VERY ITCHY.

DIRECT CONTACT WITH INFECTED PERSON

FUNGIRINGWORM

VOMITTING, DIARRHOEA , FEVER, STOMACH CRAMP.NAUSEA, ABDOMINAL PAIN, CANCER OF THE LIVER.

HEP A: OCCUR WHEN CONSUME CONTAMINATED FOOD & WATER

HEP B: TRANSMITTED BY CONTAMINATED BLOOD & SEXUAL INTERCOURSE

VIRUSESHEPATITIS

DIARRHOEA, VOMITTING, DEHYDRATION.

CONSUMING CONTAMINATED FOOD & WATER

VIBRIO CHOLERA

(BACTERIA)

CHOLERA

HIGH FEVER, SEVERE SHIVERING & SWEATING

VECTOR , ANOPHELES SP. MOSQUITO

PLASMODIUM SP

(PROTOZOA)

MALARIA

SYMPTOMMETHOD OF TRANSMISSION

PATHOGENDISEASE

TRANSMISSION OF THE DISEASES

HOW THE DISEASES SPREAD

Direct Contact•Infected person by sharing personal item such as towel, unprotected sexEg: ,Ringworm (f), AIDs

Vectors•Malaria is caused by Plasmodium sp. transmit by mosquitoes Anopheles•Houseflies can cause food poisoning .

Food & Water.•Microorganism enter digestive system through contaminated food & water, unwashed hands & feaces of infected people.•Eg: Cholera (b), Hepatitis A(v)

Airborne & Droplet Transmission•Method where pathogens change into spores then transmit by air.•Liquid droplet of infected people enter other people respiratory sys.•Eg: flu, viral fever,

ANTIBIOTICS•Penicillin & streptomycin are •Produced by microogrs which inhibit the growth or kill other microogs esp. bacteria

METHODS OF CONTROLLING PATHOGENSMETHODS OF CONTROLLING PATHOGENS

ANTISEPTICS•Used on cuts & wounds to kill & inhibit growth of microorgs.

• Eg: iodine solution

VACCINESDead or weakened bacteria or viruses is inoculated into body to induce antibodies Eg: BCG

DISINFECTANTS•Solutions used to sterilize surgical equipment, kill microorgs on the floor

•Eg: phenol, farmaldehyde

THE ROLE OF USEFUL MICROORGANISM

1. THE NITROGEN CYCLE

• Allows nitrogen to be utilized by organism & return to physical environment.

a. Nitrogen fixation : :Nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Nostoc sp. & Rhizobium sp. will convert nitrogen from atmosferic to ammonium ..

• Plants absorb nitrogen in form of ammonium & nitrate then convert to plant protien.

• When animals eats plants the organic nitrogen is transfer into their body.

• When they die decompose bacteria change them into ammonium .

b. Nitrification process. : :Ammonium compounds are converted into nitrites by Nitrosomonas sp.

c. Nitryfying process : :Nitrites convert into nitrates by Nitrobacter sp

d. Denitryfying process: Nitrates will break down to nitrogen back to atmosphere

2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN HUMANS

•Symbiotic bacteria in human colon synthesis vitamin B 12 & Vit K.•Deficiency in vitamin B 12 lead to anemia•Lack of Vit K, slow down the blood clotting process

3. ALIMENTARY CANALS OF TERMITES•Termites feed on wood which contain cellulase but they do not have cellulase enzyme.•Trichonympha sp. Is mutualistic protozoa present in alimentary canal of termites & secrete cellulase.

4. DECOMPOSITIONCarried out by saprophytic bacteria & fungi called decomposersSecretes enzyme that break down complex organic into simple inorganic it can reduce pollution cause it turns to water, minerals & CO2Maintain life on earth by recycling & release nutrients into soil.

MICROORGANISM USE IN BIOTECHNOLOGYMICROORGANISM USE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Sewage from household & industriesAerobic bacteria in the sewage decompose organic matter at treatment plants.Anaerobic bacteria continue decompose the organic matter to methane & carbon dioxide.The digested sludge is rich in nitrates & phosphates is dried to be used as fertilizers

3. WASTE TREATMENT

Bacteria which fed on oil are now used to clean up oil spills are sprayed on the surface of oil spill instead of using chemical methods.The hydrocarbon in the oil is decomposed by bacteria to release carbon dioxide.

2. CLEANING OF OIL SPILLS

Penicillin the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming is produced by the fungus Penicilium notatum is use to treat blood poisoning, syphlis & pneumonia.BCG vaccine use to treat tuberculosis.Salk vaccine protect us poliomyelities

1. PRODUCTION OF ANTIIOTIC & VACCINES

Can you gi ve more Can you gi ve more exampl e on useful l of exampl e on useful l of mi croorgani sm?mi croorgani sm?

4. Food Processing.

Fermentation by yeast in bread making produces CO2 which helps the dough to rise.

Beer is brewed from barley grains.Wine is made by fermentation of grape juices, ethanol & CO2 are

realeased.Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by using bacteriaLactobacillus bulgaricus which convert sugar into lactic acid.Cheese is made by mixing Streptococcus with the enzyme rennin.

5. Production of Biodegradable Plastic (bioplastic)

Bioplastic can be broken down into inorganic compound by bacteria.Bioplastic is produced by culturing bacteria such as Erwina sp in

glucose.The bacteria react by producing plastic as a storage component in

their cellsBioplastic is to used to make credit card, bottles, medical gums.

6. Production of Energy from Biomass6. Production of Energy from Biomass

Two sources of energy that are generated through the activities of Two sources of energy that are generated through the activities of microorganism are biogas & gasohol.microorganism are biogas & gasohol.

Biogas is a gas produced by the anaerobic fermentation of organic matter Biogas is a gas produced by the anaerobic fermentation of organic matter or waste in a bioreactoror waste in a bioreactor

Gasohol or biofuel is a combination of 10% ethanol & 99% petrol.Gasohol or biofuel is a combination of 10% ethanol & 99% petrol.

Sugar cane & maize are the main sources of gasohol.Sugar cane & maize are the main sources of gasohol.

The cane or maize is crushed & sucrose is extracted to form a syrup , the The cane or maize is crushed & sucrose is extracted to form a syrup , the fermentation of this syrup by yeast will produce ethanol.fermentation of this syrup by yeast will produce ethanol.