AYURVEDIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINEGadade Dipak D.

Dept. of Pharmaceutics,

Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad

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INTRODUCTION Ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge) Upaveda of Atharveda Ayurveda deals with -herbs plants, anatomy and physiology of body

and principles of tretment of diseases Charaka samhita- Oldest text of Ayurveda

edited from Agnivesh Samhita by Charaka (Physician of Kanishka)

Agnivesh- founder of medicine(diciple of Sage Atreya)

Sushruta samhita- author Sushruta (Father of surgical medicine)

Nagarjuna- App. Of chemistry, metallurgy & alchemy to medicine (Philosopher, Physician and alchemist)

He written Rasa-Ratnakar, Rasa-kachhaputa and Yoga Sataka

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Charka

Sushruta Nagarjuna

Dhanwantari

THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPTS

Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles

Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta

Tridosha theory

Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava Siddhanta

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PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA

Every substance is combination of panchamahabuta

Each of it have own chr’ features, properties & means of identification

Perfect balance of P.M.-healthy state Disturbed balance of P.M.-Illness

Prithvi- Shape and form of body

Apa- Moisture , Liquidity & lubrication

Tej- Agni & Fire- Heat & energy

Vayu- Prana-Vital force controlling respiration

Akash- Vacuoles and pores responsible for transportation of nutritional elements

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TRIDOSHA THEORY Dosha means impurities Imbalance of doshas cause diseased state

Vata- Vayu & Akash- Chr’: lightness & mobility balanced vata bring about by respiration and imbalace is bring by cold weather & vata quality dietPitta- Agni & Fire- Chr’: hot,bright & acidic balanced pitta helps in digestion & energy production and inbalance is caused by hot, spicy food & in summerKapha- Prithvi & Apa- Chr’: Watery & heavy balanced kapha affords lubrication of joints & stability of body while imbalance is by weeather, spring, heavy metal & too much rest

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RASA-GUNA-VIRYA-VIPAKA-PRABHAVA SIDDHANTA

• Important pharmacological principle of dravya or drug

• These principles cover all chr’s of drugRasa- Therapeutically active agentGuna- QualityVirya- Active principle by which potency is characterizedVipaka- End product of digestionPrabhava- Actual therapeutic activity of drug

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OTHER CONCEPTS

Tridosha- Dhatu- Mala Siddhanta

Dhatus: Rasa, Raktam, Mansa, Meda,

Asthi, Majja, shukra and oja

Mala: Purisha (Feaces), Mutra (Urine),

Sweda (Sweat)

• Triguna: Satva (Good), Raja

(Aggressiveness), Tama (Dullness)

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PANCHKARMA

• Procedures adopted for cleansing of body and mind accumulated wasteSnehan- Smoothing of body with massage with antivatic sesame oilSwedan- Steaming of body for removal of sweda and for lightningVaman- Expulsion of Kapha dosha with large quantities of qwathVirechan- Expulsion of sputum with of Rechak DravyaBasti- Cleansing of urino genital system with medicatedenemas.

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TREATMENT

Treatment of the disease consists in

avoiding causative factors responsible for

disequilibrium of the body matrix through the

use of Panchkarma procedures, medicines,

suitable diet, activity and regimen for restoring

the balance and strengthening the body

mechanisms to prevent or minimize future

occurrence of the disease.

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TREATMENT

Types of Treatment : The treatment of

disease can broadly be classified as

Shodhana therapy (Purification Treatment

with panchkarma)

Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment

for reconstituion of humor-doshas)

Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet

and activity- do’s and don’ts of diet )

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TREATMENT

Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of

disease causing and aggravating

factors)

Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy)

Rasayana therapy (use of

immunomodulators and rejuvenation

medicines)

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BRANCHES OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA

Sr. No.

Types of Chikitsa Treatment

1 Kayachikitsa General Medicine

2 Shalakyatantra Opthalmology

3 Shalyatantra Surgery

4 Agada Tantra Toxicology

5 Rasayana Chikitsa Geriatrics

6 Vajeekaran Diseases of genital organs

7 Kumaryabhyatrya tantra

Pediatrics

8 Bhutvidya Psychitrics

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AYURVEDA AND DIET

An individual’s mental and spiritual development as well as his temperament is influenced by the quality of food consumed by him. Food in human body is transformed first into chyle or Rasa and then successive processes involve its conversion into blood, muscle, fat, bone, bone-marrow, reproductive elements and ojas. Thus, food is basic to all the metabolic transformations and life activities. Lack of nutrients in food or improper transformation of food lead to a variety of disease conditions.

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TYPES OF DRUG FORMULATION

Powders Liquids Semisolids Solids

Churna Taila Kalka Vatika

Bhasma Asava Ghrita Gutika

Satva Arishta Malham Vati

Kshar Arka Avleha

Mandur Kwath Rasayoga

Parpati Hima

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IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES

Sr.

Ayurvedic Drugs

Type of formulation

Uses

1 Arjunaristha Arishtha Heart Diseases

2 Khadirarishtha Arishtha Skin Diseases

3 Kumaryasava Asava Liver Tonic

4 Triphala churna Churna General tonic, Stomachic

5 Sitophaladi churna

Churna Cough, Asthama

6 Parad bhasma Bhasma Antidiarrhoeal

7 Yasad bhasam Bhasma In eye diseases

8 Shatavari ghruta Ghruta Piles

9 Amrutprabha Vati

Vati Indigestion

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Medohar Vati Vati Hypolididemic 04/08/2315

IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USESSr.

Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulation

Uses

11 Dhananjaya Vati Vati In Cough

12 Chirayata Arka Arka Antipyretic

13 Kasturi Gutika Gutika Aphrodisiac

14 Sarpagandha Churnayog

Yog Heart diseases

15 Vidangasava Asava Antimicrobial

16 Adulasa Kshar Kshar Expectorant

17 Shankhapushpi Sharbat

Sharbat Memory tonic

18 Dashmukha Qwath Qwath Ailments of Kapha & Vata

19 Balant Kadha Kadha For pregnant womens after pregnancy

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…

Arishtha:• Mediacted weak alcoholic liquors

prepared by fementation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or

jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut

into pieces and Decoction is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with Decoction

of drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 7 to

10 days in hot condition and 15 to 30 days in cold conditions.

• eg. Arjurishtha, Khadirarishtha

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS

Asava• Mediacted alcoholic liquors prepared by

fementation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut into

pieces and infusion is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with infusion of drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 6 months• generally used as stomachic, stimulant, tonic &

astringent, etc.• Eg. Kumariasava,

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…

Vatika:• Decoction of crude drug is prepared and

converted to soft extrat to thick consitancy• It is mixed with powdered medicines, raw

sugar, honey, gum, etc. to form pill mass• Pill mass is converted to pill pipe and pills are

prepared from it to form vatika

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…

Churna:• Powdered mixtures of minerals, animal or

vegetable substances prepared in morter-pestle

• Powdered mixture then passed through cloth, linen or fine sieve.

• Equal quantity of jaggery or double the quantity of sugar is mixed with powdered mixture.

• It is taken with milk, hot water or cow’s urine.• Eg. Sitophaladi churna, Ashwagandha churna

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…

Tailas:• Medicated oils are prepared by boiling

drugs in water, milk, or other liquids• Water is completely removed from

preparation• Tailas are generally used for external

local application some are also used internally

• Eg. Nilgiri Taila (Eucalyptus Oil) , Til Taila (Sesame Oil)

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INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…

Ghrita• These are medicated ghees or clarified butter• Ghees or butter is heated on fire to remove

water• Little turmeric juice is then added to purify it.• Purified ghruta mixed with drug powder or

decoction of drug and heated in earthen pot, copper pot or iron pan to remove traces of water.

• It is strained through cloth and preserved for use.

• Used internally.

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Sushruta performing Surgery 4,000 years ago. Published by MNC Park Davies Drug company

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