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“Theory is a set of interrelated concepts orhypothesis that seeks to explain or predictphenomena.” 

“Model is a description or analogy used as apattern to enhance our understanding ofsomething that is known.” 

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Nightingale’s Theory of Environment 

Orem’s Self Care Model 

Neuman’s Health Care System’s Model 

Roger’s Model Of The Science Of Unitary Man 

Parser’s Human Becoming Theory

Pender’s Health Promotion Model 

Roy’s Adaptation Model 

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Milio’s Framework For Prevention  Salmon White’s Construct For Public Health

Nursing

Minnesota Wheel The Public HealthInterventions Model

Omaha System Model

Block and Josten’s Ethical Theory Of

Population Focused Nursing Canadian Model For Community

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Focused on preventive care for populations

Nightingale used observations to validate herhypothesis

Poor environmental conditions are bad for health Good environmental conditions reduce disease

Others have added social services and health

care in addition to environment

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Communities can be considered to have acollective set of self-care actions andrequirements that affect the well-being of thetotal group

Self-care deficit: demand exceeds client abilitiesrelated to Universal requirements

Developmental requirements Health deviation requirements

Nursing care supports client

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Based on systems theory

Whole is greater than the sum of the parts

Three principles:

1. Life proceeds in one direction along a rhythmicspiral

2. Energy fields follow a certain wave pattern andorganization

3.Human and environmental energy fields interactsimultaneously and mutually, leading tocompleteness and unity

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Originally “Man-living-health” theory 

Three themes:

1. Meaning

2. Rythmicity3. Transcendence

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Premise: Behavioral patterns of populations area result of habitual patterns and limited choices

Challenged “lack of knowledge” concept 

Proposed that government and institutionalchoices set the range of options for aggregateand individual choices

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Three essential elements of population

focused nursing

An obligation to population The primacy of prevention

Centrality of relationship - based care.

The first two are from public health and thethird element from nursing.

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Basis for the Canadian Community Health

Nursing Practice Model

The values and beliefs of CommunityHealth Nurses

The community health nursingprocess

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1. Use a comprehensive and systematicprocess

2.  Work in partnership with the people

3. Focus on primary prevention4. Promote a healthful environment

5. Target all who might benefit

6. Give priority to community needs

7. Promote optimum allocation of resources

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Communication technology

Genetic engineering

Global economy

Migration

Terrorism and bioterrorism

Climate changes

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