4/20/12-Copy AND answer the following questions.Do-Now:1. How do you think you did on the taxonomy

“quest?”2. How long did you study for it?3. What could YOU do to improve your grade?4. What could I do to help you?

Vocab FlashcardsChapter 3-11. Ecology2. Biosphere3. Species4. Population5. Community6. Ecosystem7. Biome

Chapter 4-28. Biotic Factor9. Abiotic Factor

10. Carrying Capacity11. Exponential Growth

What is Ecology?

What is Ecology?

Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment.

Why care???• Learning to improve our effect on the

environment is critical to the survival of our species

• Scientists believe the 6th mass extinction is beginning now.– It is possible that 20% of the world’s species

may die within 100 years• The human population has (more than)

tripled since 1930 (7 billion people)– More people=more energy, food, space

Human Influences on the Earth

• Declining Ozone• Increased Carbon Dioxide• Acid Rain• Polluted Waterways/soil

The living components of the environment are called the biotic factors.

Name biotic factors seen in this picture.

The nonliving components of the environment are called abiotic factors.

Name abiotic factors seen in this picture.

Reading Assignment

• Read p. 90.

Levels of Organization

Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biosphere

Biosphere

• 5-6 miles above Earth’s surface to the bottom of the oceans, thin layer of atmosphere that supports life

Ecosystem

• All organisms and nonliving environment in a particular area

• Examples-lake, beaches of Georgia, piedmont

• Community-All of the interacting organisms in an area– Example-all of the fish, algae,

bacteria, etc. in a lake• Population-all of the members of a

species that live in one place at one time– Example-all of the large mouth

bass in a lake

Reading Assignment

• Read p. 62-65.

4/20/12-Pick up your book.

Do-Now:1. Contrast biotic & abiotic factors. List 3

examples of each.2. List the 5 levels of ecological organization

from largest to smallest.3. How is a community different from a

population?

Population DynamicsAll populations are dynamic-they change in size and composition over time.

Factors that affect population dynamics:1. Birth rate (natality)- the number of

births during a time period2. Death rate (mortality) –the number of

deaths during a time period3. Immigration-movement into a

population4. Emigration-the movement out of the

population.

The Organism Levela.Any living thing is an

organismb.No organism is isolated-all

organisms interact with other organisms in their surroundings and with the nonliving portion of their environment.

The Organism Levelc. Organisms change their environment and are influenced by those changes.

An organism cannot live in areas where it is exposed to conditions that fall outside of its tolerance limits.

Tolerance curve of species of fish

How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment?

How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment?

1. Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors

How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment?

1. Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors

2. Control of Internal Conditions- conformers vs regulators

How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment?

1. Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors

2. Control of Internal Conditions- conformers vs regulators

3. Escape from unsuitable conditionsDormancy – state of reduced activity Migration – seasonal movements

4/23/12-Pick up your book.

Do-Now:1. List 4 factors that may impact population

dynamics.2. What happens when a population reaches

its carrying capacity?3. List 3 ways organisms may overcome the

challenges of their environment.

What is the difference between habitat and niche?

What is the difference between habitat and niche?

Habitat- where an organism lives

Niche – the way an organism lives

Species Interaction Posters1. Title (type of species interaction)2. Group Member Names in bottom right

corner3. Description of interaction4. Specific example(s) of interaction5. Picture(s) to depict interaction

You will have 15 minutes to complete your poster. Use p. 91-93.

Species Interaction (Symbioses)

• PREDATOR-captures, kills, & consumes other organisms (PREY)

• Because of a predator’s good ability to find their prey, the prey must be good at not getting “caught.”

• So, NATURAL SELECTION is favoring ways for prey to avoid or escape their predators.

What do you see here?

Mimicry• Occurs when a

harmless species looks like a dangerous one to protect itself

Example: The non-venomous scarlet king snake resembles a venomous coral snake.

Parasitism

• Type of species interaction where one is harmed while the other benefits (PARASITE feeds on HOST)

• ENDOPARASITES-internal– Example-tapeworm

• ECTOPARASITES-external– Example-tick

• Mutualism -Both species benefit– Example-Sharks and remoras

(cleaner fish)• Commensalism-one species benefits

and the other is unaffected– Example-cattle egrets eating lizards

and insects the Cape buffalo stir up when walking

Do-Now: • Pick up and complete the review questions

on the desk.

Energy is constantly being transferred within the

environment. All organisms need energy to carry out essential

functions.

Producers

• Autotrophic organisms that make their own food

• Most are photosynthetic, but bacteria use CHEMOSYNTHESIS (produce carbs by using energy from inorganic molecules)

Consumers• Get energy by

eating other organisms– HERBIVORES-

eat plants– CARNIVORES-

eat animals– OMNIVORES-

feed on either

– DETRITIVORES-feed on “garbage”– DECOMPOSERS-cause decay of dead

organisms

FOOD CHAIN• Single pathway of feeding relationships

among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer

• Example:SUN grass mouse snake hawk bacteria

(Energy Producer 1o Consumer 2o Consumer3o Consumer Decomposer)

10% Rule-only 10% of the energy is passed on, 90% is lost for daily

activities or as heat

FOOD WEB

• Interrelated food chains in an ecosystem

TROPHIC LEVELS

Reading Assignment

• Read p. 67-73.

-Pick up your book.Do-Now:1. What percentage of organisms have to disappear for it

to be considered a “mass extinction?”2. Where is the “hole” in the ozone layer?3. List the 5 levels of ecological organization from largest

to smallest.4. What is an example of acclimation?5. List the 5 species interactions discussed in class.6. Contrast conformers & regulators.7. What is the 10% rule? Where does the other 90% go?8. List 2 biotic factors AND 2 abiotic factors.

-Pick up your book.

Do-Now:• Pick up and complete the ½ sheet warm up

from the desk.

-Pick up your book.

Do-Now:• Pick up and complete the Ecology Word

Search.

WATER CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE

NITROGEN CYCLE

Succession…• The gradual, sequential regrowth of

species in an area– Primary-development of a community that

has not supported life before (ex. pioneer plants growing on rocks)

– Secondary-replacement of species that follows disruption of an existing community (ex. after a forest fire or hurricane)

Reading Assignment

• Read p. 74-80 & 94-97.

-Pick up your book.

Do-Now:• Pick up and complete the crossword puzzle

titled “ECOLOGY” (NOT Introduction to Ecology).

• This will be collected in 10 minutes & graded.

-Pick up your book.

Do-Now:• Introduction to Ecology Crossword Puzzle

(back of Ecology Crossword Puzzle)• Take out your EOCT Review (P. 17-18)

BIOMES

• 7 TERRESTRIAL ecosystems

TUNDRA

• Cold• Usually treeless• Largest biome• Moist• Thin topsoil over permafrost• Nutrient poor

TAIGA

• South of tundra• Evergreen trees• Hibernating or migrating species• Low in nutrients

TEMPERATE DECIDIOUS FOREST

• Trees lose all leaves• Obvious seasons• Moist• Moderate nutrient levels• Broad-leaved shrubs and trees

TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS

• Too dry for trees• Rich, deep top soil• Used for farming

DESERTS

• Dry• Not always HOT• Often sandy• Nutrient poor• Succulent plants and scattered grasses

SAVANNAS

• Tropical• More rain than deserts• Less rain than tropical rain forests• Dry, thin topsoil• Porous• Tall grasses• Scattered trees

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

• Tall trees• Species rich• Near equator• Moist• Broad-leaved evergreen trees and shrubs

-Pick up your book.Do-Now:1. What would life on Earth be like without

decomposers?2. List the 5 levels of ecological organization from

largest to smallest.3. List the 4 factors that impact a population.4. Describe how energy is transferred from 1 tropic

level to the next in a food chain.5. Create a food chain. Label the energy source,

producer, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd consumers, and decomposer.

Aquatic Ecosystems-OCEAN– PHOTIC ZONE-

receives sunight– APHOTIC

ZONE-cold, deep, dark, no sunlight

– INTERTIDAL ZONE-tides produce rise and fall of H2O, organisms must be adapted for survival

– NERITIC ZONE-area above continental shelf, very productive, PLANKTON

– OCEANIC ZONE-deep water beyond continental shelf• PELAGIC

ZONE-open ocean

• BENTHIC ZONE-ocean bottom

• ESTUARIES occur where fresh and salt water meet

• Freshwater zones– Lakes and ponds– Rivers and streams

-Pick up your book.Do-Now:• Take out your EOCT Review (p. 13-14).1. What are CFCs and why was the production of

most CFCs stopped in the 1990’s?2. List 3 ways we impact the carbon cycle.3. Why is global warming happening?