Answer these Questions

1. Who was Eisenhower’s Vice President?2. What approach did Eisenhower follow in

dealing with domestic policy?3. Name the agency in charge of the space

program.4. What is the domino theory?5. Name three foreign policy challenges

that the Eisenhower administration faced.

Eisenhower in the White House

Eisenhower

• President Eisenhower promoted policies to compete with the Soviet Union for military and space leadership.

Republican Revival

• Republicans selected Dwight D. Eisenhower for their Presidential ticket.

• Richard M. Nixon was selected for the Vice-Presidential ticket.

November 1952• Americans elected

Eisenhower to the presidency in a landslide victory.

• People called him Ike and they trusted him.

• His military status made people feel secure and safe, and this attracted many voters.

Domestic Policy• Eisenhower followed a

moderate or middle-of-the-road approach

• He described himself as conservative when it came to money but liberal when it came to human beings.

• He wanted to decrease the size of the Federal Government.

• He supported economic policies aimed at limiting the government spending and encouraged private enterprise.

• He removed the wage and price controls.

• He transferred financial matters to the states and made cuts in government spending.

• There was a surplus or excess of 300 million in the federal budget when Eisenhower left office.

The Nation Expands• Congress passed the Federal

Highway Act funding the construction of more than 40,000 miles of interstates in 1956.

• This is considered the greatest domestic program of Eisenhower’s presidency.

• The highway program spurred the nation’s economy, automobile production, oil industries, and improved military mobility in case of attack.

• Alaska and Hawaii became part of the United States of America in 1959.

Foreign Policy Challenges• Crisis in the Middle East :

– Fighting breaks out in Egypt when their president takes control of the Suez Canal from the British. Britain and France feared that Egypt would close the canal and cut off oil shipments to Europe. Britain, France, and Israel hoped to overthrow the Egyptian government and take control of the canal. When the Soviets threatened rocket attacks on cities in Britain and France, the three nations pulled out of Egypt.

• Uprising in Hungary• War in Southeast Asia

– Eisenhower believed if just one nation in Asia fell to the Communists, others would also fall. This would create a danger called the domino effect.

– U.S. helped create Southeast Asia Treaty Organization to help stop the spread of Communism.

U.S.-Soviet Relations• Rivalry between the US

and the Soviets was at the center of American Foreign Policy during the 1950s.

• Eisenhower’s administration proposed a new policy – if the Soviet Union attacked any nation, the U.S. would launch a massive retaliation or instant attacks using nuclear weapons.

The Arms Race• The policy of massive

retaliation, and the Soviet’s efforts to counter it, produced a nuclear arms race.

• Both nations built more and more weapons- destructive hydrogen bombs which were more powerful than atomic bombs.

• The guided missiles developed were capable of delivering nuclear warheads.

• Intermediate range missiles and ballistic missiles (IRBMs) could reach targets up to 1,500 miles.

• Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) had a range of thousands of miles.

The Cold War• 1957 – Soviets sent first

artificial satellite into space. It was called Sputnik.

• Soviets launched second satellite a month later.

• Americans feared that we were lagging behind the Soviets and that the Soviets would be able to launch atomic weapons from space.

• U.S. tried to launch Vanguard, its own space satellite, but failed.

• The rocket rose a few feet above the launching pad and exploded.

The U-2 Incident• American pilots flew high

altitude spy planes over Soviet territory to photograph nuclear sites and military bases.

• Soviets shot down a U-2 plane and captured the pilot.

• Khrushchev denounced the U.S. for invading Soviet airspace.

• The Cold War continues.

The Space Race

• The U.S. developed its own space program called NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

• U.S. launched its first satellite in July, 1958.

• Project Mercury was the nation’s first program to put and astronaut in space.

• Today, rather than a race, the U.S. and the Soviets work side by side in the exploration of space aboard the Mir Space Station.

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Answer these Questions

1. Who was Eisenhower’s Vice President?2. What approach did Eisenhower follow in

dealing with domestic policy?3. Name the agency in charge of the space

program.4. What is the domino theory?5. Name three foreign policy challenges

that the Eisenhower administration faced.

Republican RevivalD

omestic P

olicies

The Space RaceThe Cold War

Fore

ign

Polic

y C

halle

nges

Wheel Organizer

• Look in Chapter 28, Section 1 in your book.

• Find key terms and ideas in each section.

• Place terms or ideas under the correct heading on the wheel organizer

Trace this circle onto your paper and label the sections. Then follow the directions to complete the organizer.