4. BOPs and Their Control
Transcript of 4. BOPs and Their Control
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TAMU - PemexOffshore Drilling
Lesson 4Blowout Preventers
and Their Control
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Lesson 4 - Blowout Preventers and Their Control
The BOP Stack Hydraulic Connectors Kill and Choke Valves BOP Controls
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Blowout Preventers and Their Control
Control Pods & Shuttle Valves Redundancy Accumulator Capacity
Requirements Backup for BOP Controls
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Major Changes in BOP Equipment for Subsea Use:
1. The size of the BOPs is increased.
2. External hydrostatic pressure at the ocean floor must be considered.
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Major Changes in BOP Equipment for Subsea Use:
3. Hydraulics have become more important in reaction times, because the longer flow lines increase thepressure drop,
while the larger BOPs require more fluid to operate than their land counterparts.
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Major Changes in BOP Equipment for Subsea Use:
4. To avoid the pressure drop in the return lines, the hydraulic fluid is vented to the sea. This requires a fluid that is non-polluting as well as non-corrosive, yet has low viscosity, and is a good lubricant,
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Major Changes in BOP Equipment for Subsea Use:
4 (cont’d.) and can mix with water of high mineral content.
5. The philosophy of stack arrangement, especially the location of the kill and choke lines has been changed.
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Major Changes in BOP Equipment for Subsea Use:
6. Pressure drop in the long choke line influences well control procedures.
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CHOKE AND KILL LINES
MARINE RISER CONNECTOR
INTEGRAL MARINE RISER JOINTS
TELESCOPIC JOINT
CONNECTOR
BOP STACK UNITIZATION GUIDE FRAME SYSTEMS
FLEX JOINTS
TEMPORARY GUIDE BASE
CONNECTOR
WELLHEAD HOUSING
GUIDE STRUCTURE
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A Subsea Blowout
Preventer Stack
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Subsea Blowout
PreventerEquipment
Failsafe Valve
Figure 11-1
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Figure 5-1. Cameron U-type ram blowout preventer.
High pressure, close around pipe, usually for one size pipe only, hang pipe - 600k
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Annular Blowout Preventer.
STEEL FINGERS
CLOSING PORT
OPENING PORT
RUBBER SEAL
ANNULAR PISTON
Close around pipe of any size, open hole. Used for stripping and snubbing, often 2 EA
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Annular Blowout Preventers in Operation
Illustrations and Diagrams
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Annular: Element Partly Closed
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Annular: Stripping Out
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Annular: Stripping In
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Complete Shutoff
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Annular Preventer Closing Pressure, psig
Wel
lbo
re P
ress
ure
, p
sig Shaffer
spherical BOP with 5” D.P.
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The GL Hydril
Blowout Preventer
Figure 5-7
Piston
The preferred Hydril for subsea. Hydrostatic due to mud -> open. Compensate
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Secondary Chamber to RiserThe mud may plug off the opening...
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Secondary Chamber to Open Chamber
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Secondary Chamber to Close Chamber
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Shear Rams
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Mandril Type
Hydraulic Connector
Dog
Cam
Piston
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Collet Type Hydraulic Connector
Collet Finger
Cam
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Fail-Safe Kill and Choke Valve
* Spring loaded
* Hydraulic pressure
* Two in series
* Same WP as BOPs
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Configurations of kill/choke
line outlets for conventional
four-ram stack
Figure 5-12Examples
Wellhead Connector
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Schematic of a
hydraulic control system.
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Hydraulic Subsea BOP
Control System
Hose Bundle
Pod (2 EA)
Accumulators
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Typical hose bundle for hydraulic system.
5/16” Pilot Lines
1/4” Pilot Lines
Figure 5-15
Power Fluid Line 1”+
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Typical
1. Hydraulic Hose
2. Multiple-Conductor Electric Cable
(faster - better for deep-water wells)
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Electro-Hydraulic Hose Bundle - cont’d
3. Protective Inner Cover 4. Strength Member5. Outer Protective Jacket (Optional)
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Pilot Line Attachment
Power Fluid
To Function
Pilot Valve- Poppet Type Vent
Opening
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BOP Control
Pod
* Pilot valves* Pressure regs.* Retrievable* Two for Redundancy
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Accumulator
- BladderType.
BLADDER
TAPERED VALVE
GAS CHARGE PORT
INLET/OUTLET
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Fig. 5-19 Shuttle valve
POWER FLUID TO FUNCTION
POWER FLUID FROM POD
SEAL
Directs power fluid to function. Isolates inactive pod. Lines from valve to pod not redund.
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Redundancy between pods on a stack.
Shuttle valve
Pilot valves
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Flow Paths to close rams from driller’s panel.
Fig. 5-22
Driller’s Handle; Air signal to Hydraulic unit; pressurize pilot line; pilot valve at pod, power fluid -->
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Flow paths to open rams from the driller’s panel.
Fig. 5-23
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1,465
0.577
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Example: 1,000 ft of water
Precharge pressure is 1,000 psi above ambient
Pc = 15 + 1,000 + 0.45 * water depth = 1,465 psia
P = 15 + 3,000 + 0.45 * water depth = 3,465 psia
577.0P
P1.F.V C
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Friction Losses
Pressure losses caused by friction in the plumbing is a major source of decreased reaction times.
Fluid flow is difficult to define and various books have been
written on the subject.
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Fanning or Darcy Equation
A simple approach can be taken by considering the friction losses as described by the Fanning or Darcy equation that may be expressed as:
5
2
D
q L fKF
50 gal in 30 sec => 100 gal/min 10 gal in 8 sec => 75 gal/min
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Where:
conversionunit for constant Kdiameter lineDrate flowq
length lineLline in the lossfriction F
Re offunction factor,friction f
5
2
D
q L fKF
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And Where:
Dv
number sReynold'Re
D = line diameterV = fluid velocity = fluid density = fluid viscosity
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Figure 5-25. BOP Stack SchematicConnected by clamps. Stresses from Tension, bending and pressure. Frequent stack testing.
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Figure 5-26. Pressure
Differentials Acting on Preventer.
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See text
Example Calculations
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Tension at the ball joint, kips
All
ow
able
Op
erat
ing
Pr e
ssu
re,
psi
g
For a fixed ball joint angle, the maximum tension at the ball joint decreases as press. incr.
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Surface Unit- Acoustic backup for BOP control
Figure5-295-29
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Example from the GOM
3,200 ft
300 ft of 36”csg, jet -in
2,300 ft of 20”csg, run in 24” hole
WL
ML
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3,200 ft300 ft of 36”csg, jet -in
WL
ML
Jetting-in the 36” Conductor
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Drilling a 24” Hole
3,200 ft300 ft of 36”csg
WL
ML
24” Hole
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Running the 20”Casing
3,200 ft
2,300 ft of 20” csg.
WL
ML
24” Hole
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Cementing the 20”Casing
3,200 ft
Drillpipe
WL
ML
24” Hole