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Transcript of 3jr System Concept
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Following questions are
importantShort bits Feed back and
control
System and subsystem
System
performance Open vs. closed
system
Long questions
What is asystem? List outthe componentsof system?
Differentiate
between openand closedsystem and whybusiness is called
as open system?
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SYSTEM OVERVIEWAND
BUSINESS AS A SYSTEM
BAKSHI
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In the following lecture
you will be familiar with What is a system?
What is a natural and man made
system? Why business is called as a
system?
What are the components of abusiness system?
What are the types of system?
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EXAMPLE OF SYSTEMNATURAL VS MAN MADE
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HUMAN BODYHUMAN BODYAS A SYSTEMAS A SYSTEM
VARIOUS SUB SYSTEMVARIOUS SUB SYSTEM
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SOLAR SYSTEM
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COMPUTER SYSTEM
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WHAT IS A SYSTEM ?
SYSTEMS ARE CREATED TO SOLVEPROBLEMS.
One can think ofthe SYSTEMS
APPROACHas an ORGANIZED WAYOF DEALING WITH A PROBLEM
The word System comes (from Latin
word systma,
in turn from Greekword sustma)
WHICH MEANS AN ORGANIZEDRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL
UNITS / COMPONENTS
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DEFINATION
THE SYSTEM IS INTEGRATED SET OFCOMPONENTS /ENTITIES THATINTERACT TO ACHIEVE A
PARTICULAR FUNCTION /GOALA SYSTEM CONSISTS OF GROUP OF
INTERRELATED ,INTERACTING
ELEMENTS WORKING TOWARDS ACOMMON GOAL BY ACCEPTINGINPUT,PRODUCING OUTPUT IN ANORGANIZED TRANSFORMATIONPROCESS.
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OTHER DEFINATION
A set of detailed methods ,procedures , and routines
established or formulated to carryout a specific activity,perform a duty, or solve a problem.
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OTHER DEFINATION An organized purposeful
structure regarded as a whole andconsisting of interrelated andinterdependent elements ( components,entities ,factors, members, parts etc.).
These elements continually influence oneanother (directly or indirectly)
to maintain their activity and theexistence of the system,in order to achieve the goal of the system
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In order to call it asystem it should have
these Core components
INPUT
MAN,MECHINE,MATERIAL,
LAND,FACILITIES,ENERGY,ECONOMIC RESOURCES,ETC
PROCESS
MANUFACTURING,
ENGINEERING,PRODUCTION ,
DEVELOPMENT, DELIVERY,CUSTOMER SERVICE ,ETC
OUTPUT
PRODUCT,SERVICE,PAYMENT,INFORMATION ETC
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The organizational
system
Feed back Feed back
input outputprocess
management
control control
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A SYSTEM FOR APRODUCTION UNIT
ANDHEALTHCARE
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Feedback
SignalsFeedback
Signals
System Boundary
competitors community
Labor union Financial institution
stock
holders
customers
Govt
suppl
iers
INPUT
MAN,MECHINE,MATERIAL,LAND,FACILITIES,ENERG,ECO
NOMIC RESOURCES,ETC
PROCESS
MANUFACTURING,ENGINEERING,
PRODUCTION,DEVELOPMENT,DELIVERY,CUSTOMER
SERVICE,ETC
OUTPUT
PRODUCT,SERVICE,PAYMENT,INFORMATION ETC
CONTROL
MANAGEMENT
OTHERSYSTEMS OTHER
SYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM
CONTROLSIGNALS
CONTROLSIGNALS
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Feedback
SignalsFeedback
Signals
System Boundary
competitors community
Labor union Financial institution
stockholders
customers
Govt
suppl
iers
STRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE,TECHNOLOGY,PEOPLE,
PATIENTS,FACILITIES,MONEY,ECONOMIC RESOURCES,ETS
PROCESS
DIAGNOSTICS,THERAPEUTICS,SUPPORTIVE,ADMINI
STRATIVE ETC
OUTCOME
CURED PATIENT,LAMA,DEADBODY, REFERENCE
CONTROL
MANAGEMENT
OTHERSYSTEMS OTHER
SYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
OTHERSYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM
CONTROLSIGNALS
CONTROLSIGNALS
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COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEMThe Components Of A System Are
1. INPUT
2. PROCESS
3. OUTPUT
4. BOUNDARY
5. ENVIRONMENT
6. STRUCTURE
7. INTERFACE
8. SUBSYSTEM
9. FEEDBACK AND CONTROL
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BUSINESS AS A SYSTEMBusiness is considered as ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM
THE ECONOMIC RESOURCES (INPUT) ARETRANSFORMED BY VARIOUS OPERATIONS(PROCESSES) INTO GOODS/ SERVICES (OUTPUT)
INFORMATION SYSTEM PROVIDES (FEEDBACK) ONTHE SYSTEM TO THE MANAGEMENT FOR THEDIRECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM(CONTROL) AS IT EXCHANGES INPUT & OUTPUTWITH ITS (ENVIRONMENT.)
A system has VARIOUS SUB SYSTEM, BOUNDARY,which separates it self from EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
, AND DEFINES ITS OPERATIONAL TERRITORY.
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Input It Involves CAPTURING AND ASSEMBLINGELEMENTS THAT ENTER THE SYSTEM To BeProcessed.
THE QUALITY OF INPUT ELEMENTS DECIDESTHE PROCESS EFFICIENCY AND OUTPUT
E.G.RAW MATERIALS , ENERGY , DATA,HUMANEFFORTS ETC
Process It is a TRANSFORMATION ACTIVITY that
converts input- output, the process can bemanual, semi automatic, fully automated,Computerized..
E.G. MANUFACTURING , ENGINEERING ETC
Output The elements which had been produced aftertransformation process (end product)
Output is a DEPENDENT VARIABLE and is basedon quality of input and process,WHICH IS AMAIN SOURCE OF FEED BACK.
e.g. PRODUCT,SERVICE,PAYMENT,INFORMATION
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Boundary It DEFINES THE EXTENT AND SCOPE OFTHE SYSTEM ACTIVITY
A BOUNDARY SEPARATES A SYSTEM
FROM ITS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTA boundary can be physical/logical
e.g. EGG SHELL, SKIN, INFORMATIONSYSTEM OPERATIONS
Environment SURROUNDING OF A SYSTEM IN which
a system operates is called environment
It consists of interacting entities like(customers, govt, suppliers )
Environment PROVIDES INPUT TO THE
SYSTEMEnvironment STRONGLY INFLUENCETHE SYSTEM and determines boundariessome times
Environment can be internal /external.
(cont)
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Subsystem A system internally have small system(SYSTEM WITH IN SYSTEM)
A subsystem provides SPECIALIZED
TASK relative to OVERALL OBJECTIVE OFSYSTEM
A sub system has INDIVIDUALOBJECTIVE in time with the systemsoverall objective e.g. INVENTORYBELONGS TO BOTH PRODUCTION ANDFINANCE ,BILLING IS A PART OF ALMOSTALL THE SUB SYSTEMS OF HOSPITAL
If a subsystem fails the entire system
has to suffer
The OUTPUT OF ONE SUBSYSTEMBECOME INPUT TO ANOTHER SUB SYSTEM(e.g. cash collected becomes input tofinancial subsystem which in turnbecomes input to payments etc)
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Interface INTERFACE IS COMMONCONNECTION AT THE SYSTEM ANDSUBSYSTEM
An interface serves as a MEDIUM TOCONVEY THE OUTPUT FROM ONESYSTEM TO ANOTHER SYSTEM
Information flow and exchange is
through interfaceFeedbackand control
Feedback is an INDICATORCONTAINING INFORMATION ABOUTTHE CURRENT PERFORMANCE OF THE
SYSTEMCONTROL INVOLVES MONITORINGAND EVALUATING FEED BACK todetermine whether a system ismaking towards the achievement ofits goals (cont)
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Feedbackandcontrol
WITH FEEDBACK AND CONTROL NECESSARYadjustment to the system can be done to ensureGOOD WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
A system which has FEEDBACK AND CONTROLCOMPONENT is also called as CYBERNETICSSYSTEM (SELF MONITORING AND SELFREGULATING SYSTEM)
Feedback has data about performance of thesystem e.g. A SALES MANAGER EXCESSESCONTROL WHEN HE FINDS NEGATIVE FEEDBACKABOUT SALES PERFORMANCE.
With effective feedback and control a system cancontinuously improved ,FEED BACK CAN BEPOSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
Positive feedback tells that system is moving inthe right direction (activities can be repeated/improved)
Negative feedback tells a failure/fault so
necessary adjustments can be done to improvethe overall s stem. cont
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Feed back Feed back
input outputprocess
management
control controlcontrol
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TYPES OF SYSTEM
Natural system (human body, eco system,solar system) vs. man made system
(computer)
Open system vs. closed system
Deterministic system vs. probabilisticsystem
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CLOSED SYSTEMA CLOSED SYSTEM IS THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS
THE COMPONENTS WITHIN THE CLOSED SYSTEM AREASSUMED TO EXIST IN A SELF-SUFFICIENT STATE
A CLOSED SYSTEM IS SELF CONTAINED AND HAS HIGH ANDRIGID BOUNDARIES
IN CLOSED SYSTEM THERE IS NO EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS
AND PARTS WITH THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
ALL OTHER INFLUENCES OR VARIABLES FROM OUTSIDE THESYSTEM ARE CONSIDERED TO BE NONEXISTENT ORINSIGNIFICANT
THERE IS NO PERFECT CLOSED SYSTEM EXISTING
No exchange with the environment
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OPEN SYSTEMARE THE REAL-WORLD SYSTEMS
THAT HAVE PERMEABLE BOUNDARIES THROUGH WHICHTHEY
CONTINUALLY EXCHANGE ENERGY, MATERIAL, AND INFORMATION WITHTHEIR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT THE LARGER SYSTEM IN WHICH THEY EXIST
IT IS OPEN TO THE ENVIRONMENT (INTERACTS WITH OTHER SYSTEM INITS ENVIRONMENT)E.G. BUSINESS IS A OPEN SYSTEM
IN OPEN SYSTEM THERE IS FREE EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS, INFORMATION ,DATA WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
IT IS AN EXPOSED SYSTEM WHICHHAS FREE INTERACTION WITHENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENT HAS GREAT IMPACT ON OPEN SYSTEM , AN IT HAS TOADJUST ACCORDING TO ENVIRONMENT .
input process output
Feed back
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BUSINESS AS A OPEN SYSTEM
IT ACCEPTS MATERIALS FROM THEENVIRONMENT (SUPPLIERS)
IT ACCEPTS MAN POWER FROM THEENVIRONMENT
IT UTILIZES OTHER ECONOMIC RESOURCES FROMTHE ENVIRONMENT
IT HAS TO ADJUST (FOLLOW RULES ANDREGULATIONS OF GOVT ) SUPPLIERS,LABOR
UNION ETCTHE OUT PUT (GOODS, SERVICES, FINISHED ,SEMI FINISHED PRODUCTS,PAYMENTS) ARE GIVENBACK TO THE ENVIRONMENT.
IT TAKES FEED BACK AND IMPLEMENT CONTROL
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INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Bakshi
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What are we going to
learn. What is IS What does IS consists of
Classification of IS What is TPS
Types of TPS
What is MIS Structure and parts of MIS
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Myth about IS success
1.Can IS bring changes ? NO IS ALONE JUST CANNOT
BRING CHANGE BY ITSELF
The involvement from eachand every department(FUNCTIONAL AREA) and
activity(HIREARCHY) isimportant
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Myth about IS success
2.Do I have to spend more on IT
&IS ?
The cost of informationsystem depends ON VARIOUSfactors but ADOPT IT INYOUR WORK CULTURE
it pays in longer run THERE ARE BOTH FINANCIAL
AND NONFINANCIAL
BENEFITS ASSOCIATED
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Myth about IS success
3.Is my Hospital going to acceptIS ?
Yes, the initial transit period
is difficult but later on theresults can be seen
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Myth about IS success
4. I have invested on IS and itis not giving me results ?
It may happen if yourinformation system is notFULLY INTEGRATED
THE ACTIVITS ANDFUNCTIONAL UNITS DOESNOT RESPOND.
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Myth about IS success
5. Where can I see the benefits ofIS implementation ?
The benefits can be seen on
VARIOUS aspects SUCH ASBETTERCUSTOMER SERVICE,IMPROVED WORK EFFICENCY,
COST REDUCTION, WORKPROCESS IMPROVEMENT,ERROR REDUCTION, TIMELY
INFORMATION SUPPLY ..
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marketing
finance
Humanresource Information
systemmanufact
uring
INFORMATION SYSTEM IS NOT ANINDEPENDENT SYSTEM
YOU CANNOT EXPECT THE RESULTSIF IT IS NOT AN FULLY INTEGRATED
SYSTEM
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Information system
An information system is an ORGANIZEDCOMBINATION OF
PEOPLE
H
ARDWARESOFTWARE
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
DATA RESOURCES
THAT COLLECT, TRANSFORM, ANDDISSEMINATE INFORMATION IN AN
ORGANIZATION
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A information system includes
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE INFORMATION ,DATA &APPLICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
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Diagrammatic representation
networks
hardware
software
data
people
Information system consists of
+COLLECT
TRANSFORMDISSEMINATE
INFORMATION
+THIS INFORMATION IS
AVAILABLEFOR
ORGANIZATIONAL
NEEDS
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Information
system
Operationalsupportsystem
Managementsupportsystem
Support
businessoperations
Support
managerialdecisionmaking
Processcontrolsystem
Enterprisecollaboration system
Transactionprocessing
system
Managementinformation
system
Decisionsupportsystem
Executiveinformation system
Processingbusiness
transaction
Control ofindustrial
processing
Team andwork group
collaboration
Pre specifiedreporting tomanagers
Interactivedecisionsupport
Informationtailored forexecutives
Information system classification for a production unit
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Informationsystem
HospitalOperational
supportsystem
Hospital
Managementsupportsystem
Supportbusinessoperations
Support
managerialdecisionmaking
Datacapturesystem
Enterprisecollaboration system
Transactionprocessing
system
HospitalManagementinformation
system
HospitalDecisionsupportsystem
Executiveinformation system
Processingbusiness
transaction
Capturing ofdata at point
of origin(EDI,POS,PR
OCESSCONTROL)
Team andwork group
collaborationPre specifiedreporting tomanagers
Interactivedecisionsupport
Informationtailored forexecutives
Information system classification for a hospital
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What is Management InformationSystem
Management information system is
*ANINTEGRATED USER MACHINE SYSTEM
*FORPROVIDING INFORMATION
*TOSUPPORT THE OPERATIONS, MANAGEMENT,ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING FUNCTION
*INAN ORGANIZATION
The system utilizes
*COMPUTERHARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
*MAN
UAL PROCEDURES*MODELS FORANALYSIS, PLANNING, AND CONTROL,
DECISION MAKING.
*AND HAS A DATA BASE
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Parts of MIS
FUNCTIONAL SUBSYSTEM ACTIVITY SUBSYSTEM
All functional area in a
organization
All activity in aorganization
11 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
THE STRUCTURE CAN BE REPRESENTED BY USING A PYRAMID
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Parts of MIS
FUNCTIONAL SUBSYSTEM ACTIVITY SUBSYSTEM
1.SALES AND MARKETING SUBSYSTEM 1.STRATEGIC SUBSYSTEM
2.FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING 2.TACTICAL SUBSYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM 3.OPERATIONAL SUBSYSTEM
3.PRODUCTION SUBSYSTEM
4.PERSONNEL SUBSYSTEM
5.LOGESTICS SUBSYSTEM
11 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
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11 2 3 4 5
1
2
3+
1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
=
SALES FINANCE
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SALES
AND
MARKETING
PRODUCTION
LOGISTICS
PERSONNEL
FINANCE
AND
ACCOUNTING
MODEL
BASE
COMMON
APPLICATION
DATA
BASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
(DBMS)
DATA BASE
STRATEGIC
PLANNING
TACTICAL
CONTROL
OPERATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
TRANASACTION
PROCESSING
UNIQUEFILES
COMMONDATABASE
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FOR A HOSPITAL THE
MISC
ANH
AVE
MIS in the hospital has follo ing
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MIS in the hospital has following
MIS
FUNCTIONAL SUBSYSTEM ACTIVITY SUBSYSTEM
1.CLINICAL SUBSYSTEMS 1.STRATEGIC SUBSYSTEM
2.NONCLINICAL/PARA MEDICAL 2.TACTICAL SUBSYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
3.SUPPORTIVE SUBSYSTEM 3.OPERATIONAL SUBSYSTEM
4.ADMINISTRATIVE SUBSYSTEM
5.ENGINEERING SUBSYSTEM
11 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
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11 2 3 4 5
1
2
3+
1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
=
NON SUPPORTIVE
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MODEL
BASE
COMMON
APPLICATION
DATA
BASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
(DBMS)
DATA BASE
STRATEGIC
PLANNING
TACTICAL
CONTROL
OPERATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
TRANASACTION
PROCESSING
UNIQUEFILES
COMMONDATABASE
CLINICAL
SUB SYSTEM
NONCLINICAL
SUB SYSTEM
SUPPORTIVE
SUB
SYSTEM
ADMINISTRATIVE
SUBSYSTEM
ENGINEERING
SUB SYSTEM
1.CLINICAL SUBSYSTEM 2.NON CLINICAL SUBSYSTEM
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1.CLINICAL SUBSYSTEM
OUT PATIENT RELATED MODULES
INPATIENT RELATED MODULES
CASUALTY / ICU RELATED MODULES
OPERATION THEATER RELATED MODULES
LABOUR ROOM RELATED MODULES
NURSING SERVICES RELATED MODULES
2.NON CLINICAL SUBSYSTEM
LABROTARY MODULES
PHARMACY MODULES
RADIOLOGY MODULES
BLOOD BANK MODULES
DIETARY MODULES
INFECTION CONTROL MODULES
MORTARY RELATED MODULES
3.SUPPORTIVE SUBSYSTEMHOUSE KEEPING MODULES
LAUNDARY MODULES
AMBULANCE ANDTRANSPORTATION MODULES
SECURITY BASED MODULESPARKING MODULES
CORRESPONDENCE MODULE
4.ADMINISTRATIVE SUBSYSTEM
MARKETING MODULES
HUMAN RESOURCE MODULES
LOSGISTICS AND INVENTORY MODULE
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING MODULESRESEARCH AND DEVELOMENT
MEDICAL RECORDMODULES
5.ENGINEERING & MAINTAINANCE MODULESBIOMEDICAL,MECHINICAL,ELECTRICAL,CIVIL ENGINEERING MODULES
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Goals of an MIS
Provide managers withinformation
Regular,routine operations Control, organize and plan better
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Corporate
databases
ofinternal
data
Databases
of
externaldata
Databasesof
valid
transactions
Operational
databases
Transaction
processing
systems
Management
information
systems
Decision
support
systems
Executive
support
systems
Expert
systems
Business
transactions
Inputand
errorlist
Drill-downreports
Exceptionreports
Demandreports
Key-indicatorreports
Scheduled
reports
Employees
Corporate
intranet
Application
databases
O t t f
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Outputs of aManagement Information
System Scheduled reports
Produced periodically, or on a schedule (daily,weekly, monthly)
Key-indicator report Summarizes the previous days critical activities
Typically available at the beginning of each day
Demand report
Gives certain information at a managers request Exception report
Automatically produced when a situation isunusual or requires management action
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An Organizations
MIS
Financial
MIS
Marketing
MIS
Human
Resources
MIS
Etc.
Accounting
MIS
Drilldownreports
Exceptionreports
Demandreports
Key-indicatorreports
Scheduledreports
Databases
of
externaldata
Databases
of
valid
transactions
Transaction
processing
systems
Business
transactions
Businesstransactions
Extranet
Internet
Etc.
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What Kinds Of People Pursue MIS Degrees?
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What Kinds Of People Pursue MIS Degrees?The Profiles Of MIS Professionals Are Varied, ButIn General, Such Individuals Possess Many Of
The Following Traits:Good Problem Solving SkillsAbility To Effectively Manage Time AndResources
A Clear Vision Of The Big Picture As WellAs The Small DetailsA Desire To Work Closely With Other PeopleExcellent Communication Skills
Ability To Think Strategically AboutTechnologyA Desire To Take Responsibility ForDeveloping And Implementing Their Own
Ideas
What are typical career options for MIS
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What are typical career options for MISprofessionals?IT Consultant
Web DeveloperInformation Systems ManagerBusiness Intelligence AnalystNetwork Administrator
Business Application DeveloperSystems AnalystTechnical Support SpecialistBusiness Analyst
Systems Developer
What is an average salary for an MIS
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What is an average salary for an MISprofessional?
From 2002 to 2009, MIS undergraduate starting
average salaries rose from $42,165 - $56,000.
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TPS, MIS, DSS, and AI/ES
Hierarchy:
EIS/ES
DSS
MIS
TPS
Information
Data
Less More Less More
More MoreLess Less
RoutineDecisionsupport
Input &output
Sophistication& complexity ofprocessing &
analysis
Transactions
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Transactions Transactions are
BASIC BUSINESS OPERATIONS SUCH ASCUSTOMER ORDERS, PURCHASE ORDERS,RECEIPTS, SUPPLIERS ACCOUNTS ,INVOICES, AND PAYROLL CHECKS.. Thatare generated IN ANORGANIZATION
IN A HOSPITAL THE TRANSACTION, SUCHAS PATIENT INFORMATION ,PATHOLOGICAL TEST INFORMATION, THELEDGER, ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND
RECEIVABLE, PAYROLL, INVENTORYTRANSACTIONS. Are generated everytime and every where
Who should involve and take care of each
and every transaction TPS
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Transaction processing systems(TPS)
IS A SYSTEM THATPERFORM ROUTINEOPERATIONS AND SERVEAS A FOUNDATION FOROTHER SYSTEMS
TWOTYPES OFTPS
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Batch AND On-Line TransactionProcessing
Two types of TPS:
h i
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Batch processing Batch processing
A SYSTEM WHEREBY BUSINESSTRANSACTIONS AREACCUMULATED OVER A PERIOD
OF TIME AND PREPARED FORPROCESSING AS A SINGLE UNITOR BATCH
In batch processing,the FIRMCOLLECTS DATA FROMTRANSACTIONS AS THEYOCCUR, PLACING THEM IN
GROUPS OR BATCHES
n- ne transact on process ng
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n netransact onprocess ng
(OLTP)
A system WHEREBY EACHTRANSACTION IS PROCESSEDIMMEDIATELY, WITHOUT THE
DELAY OF ACCUMULATINGTRANSACTIONS INTO A BATCH
In online processing,data are
processed as soon as a transactionoccurs
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Batchprocessing
Data entry
of accumulated
transactions
Input
(batched)Output
EXAMPLE :-BILL GENERATION OF creditcardtransactionsonesin 30 days
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On-lineprocessing
Output
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Immediateprocessing
of eachtransaction
EXAMPLE :-ATMtransactions
Obj ti f TPS
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ObjectivesofTPS
PROCESS DATA GENERATED BY AND ABOUTtransactions
Maintain a HIGH DEGREE OF ACCURACY
Ensure DATA AND INFORMATION INTEGRITYAND ACCURACY
Produce TIMELY DOCUMENTS AND REPORTS
Increase WORKERS EFFICIENCY
Help provide INCREASED AND ENHANCEDSERVICE
Help BUILD AND MAINTAIN CUSTOMERINFORMATION and loyalty
Achieve COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Event
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Data entry & input
ProcessingDocuments
& reports
Database
Internally generatedtransactions:
shipped orders
purchase orders
employee time cards
Externally generatedtransactions:
customer orders
vendor invoices
customer payments
Internally generatedtransactions:
shipped orders
purchase orders
employee time cards
Externally generatedtransactions:
customer orders
vendor invoices
customer payments
Database update:
customer orders
inventory
purchase orders
customers
suppliers
Database update:
customer orders
inventory
purchase orders
customers
suppliers
Documents:
pick list
cheques to vendors
receiving notices
A/C paycheques
Operational reports:
finished productinventory status
raw materials; packingmaterials; spare parts;
inventory status
Documents:
pick list
cheques to vendors
receiving notices
A/C paycheques
Operational reports:
finished productinventory status
raw materials; packingmaterials; spare parts;
inventory status
Event
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Data Processing Activities
Commonto TPSs A transactionprocessingcycle
Datacollection
Dataediting Datacorrection
Datamanipulation
Datastorage
Document production
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Data
collection
Data
edit
Data
manipulation
Data
storage
Document
production
Data
correction
Original data
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WHEN DID HMIS STARTEDANDWHAT ARE ITS GENERATION
ORHOW CAN WE SEE THE HMIS
BAKSHI
WHEN DID IT STARTED
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WHEN DID IT STARTED. The FIRST HIS WAS DEVELOPED IN MID 1960
in the UNITED STATES AND FEW EUROPEANCOUNTRIES (NETHERLANDS, SWEDEN,SWITZERLAND)
Although SEVERAL HUNDREDS OF HMIS are
available in the market VERY FEW COVER ALLTHE REQUIREMENTS OF A HOSPITAL ORPROVIDE ADEQUATE INTEGRATION WITHTHE LARGE HEALTHCARE NETWORK.
The DIVERSITY OF TASK TO BE PERFORMED,
THE PLAYERS INVOLVED,THE EXISTINGORGANIZATION,THE TECHNICALPOSSIBILITIES EXPLAIN THE SITUATIONMAKES
HIS MORE COMPLEX BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE.
HOW DID IT EVOLVED
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HOW DID IT EVOLVED.
GENERATION 1 BILLING
GENERATION 2- BILLING +RECORD
KEEPING
GENERATION 3- BILLING +RECORD
KEEPING +ADMINISTRATION
GENERATION 4-INTEGRATED HIS
HOW DID IT EVOLVED
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HOW DID IT EVOLVED.
GENERATION 1
GENERATION 2
GENERATION 3
GENERATION 4