The Fourth waveTeam ASpeaker:

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Contents

I. What’s the 3D printer?I. Principle of 3D printer

II. History

II. Methods

III. Interest and current state of 3D printer

IV. Future and effect of 3D printer

V. Conclusion

VI. References

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3D printer?

Make a three-dimensional structure by additive manufacturing(AM)

AM – a process of joining materials to make objects from three dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. [European Commission 2013]

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History of 3D printer

1980s

1990s

2000s

1981First article about 3D printing technology

(Hideo Kodama of Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute)

1984The birth of 3D printing

(Charles Hull, inventor of stereolithography, 3D system co-funder)

1992Building parts, layer by layer

(The first SLA machine is produced by 3D systems.)

1999Engineered organs bring new advances to medicine(The first lab-grown organ is implanted in humans)

2002A working 3D kidney

(this kidney can filter blood and produce diluted urine in an animal)

2005 Open-source collaboration with 3D printing

2006SLS leads to mass customization in manufacturing

(The first SLS machine become feasible)

20081) The first self-replicating printer2) DIY co-creating service launches

3) Major breakthrough for prosthetics

2009DIY kits for 3D printers enter the market place,

From cells to blood vessels 4

History of 3D printer

2010s2011

1) World’s first 3D printed robotic aircraft2) World’s first 3D printed car

3) 3D printing in gold and silver

2012 3D printed prosthetic jaw is implanted

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How?

Solid- Heat the solid filament type plastic on the head, additive the layer through the nozzle

- most popular used- high accuracy and repeatability- high strength material- no changing after finishing the products- application: vehicle, robot, machinery industry

Liquid- 1) Spray a photo-curable acrylate composites and gel type support material together2) harden the composite using ultraviolet

- good surface - realization the detail shape- can use various material(rubber and transparent material, …)- application: consumer’s goods, medical treatment, electronics

Powder- 1) for heating the material , fire a laser to powder type polymer and metal2) coagulate the composite

- wider choice for material (metal, …)- high resolution- fast modeling- application: construction, sculpture, design

Considering material type…

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How?

Extrusion- FDM (Fused Deposition

Modeling)

Light polymerized- SLA (Stereo Lithography

Apparatus)- DLP (Digital Light Processing)

Considering additive type…

Sheet Lamination- LOM (Laminated Object

Manufacturing)

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How?

Jetting- MJM (Multi Jetting Model)

- Polyjet

Granular sintering(melting)- SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)- SLM (Selective Laser Melting)- EBM (Electron Beam Melting)

Considering additive type…

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Interest and current state for 3D printer

The number of “3D printing” typed on google

Comparison of granted patents and published patents applications by year

[Source: 3D printing A patent overview]9

Industry size of 3D printer

Application of 3D printer

[Source: Wohlers report 2013]

Interest and current state for 3D printer

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2011 2015 2019

1.7

3.7

6.5

WORLD MARKET

CAGR 18%

(billion dollar)

Considering the amount of sales, the personal 3D printer market is biggest. Also, the personal 3D printer market is best promising area.(According to the Wohlers, the 6,500 high-end printer is sold. The personal 3D printer is sold about 23,000. )

Interest and current state for 3D printer

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Real storyPolaris (concept model/ function test)

Made prototype using injection modelling- Modify tooling frequently- cost: $60,000

Using FDM 3D printer- make prototype (about $1,200) - development optimized design- 70% solidity

- Saving $58,800, 68 days http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies/automotive/polaris

BMW (Jig & fixture)Conventional fixture making- Cost and time requirements were high- Lack of design freedom reduced productivity

Using 3D printer- have over 400 assembly fixtures- Organic shapes maximize performance- Sparse fill cut weight 72%

- Saving $244, 16.5 days 12

Current applications

Structure (concrete) Food

Plastic extruders DIY

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Current state and Interest for 3D printer

Growth promoting factor Obstacle of growth

- Tech development: 3D printing performance improvement-> increase the awareness and interest of 3D printing

- Cost down:HW and SW cost down -> cost of finished product down

- Develop various materials:wider the application industry

- Appearance of easy SW (Google’s sketchUP, Autodesk’s 123D, …)

- Usability: harder than 2D printer

- Required time: several hours or several days

- High cost material(high-end material : 100~300 $/kglow-end material: 15~35$/kg)

- Need to revision of law(about copyright and design reproduction…)

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Economics of 3D printer

Consider this point

All technic depends on the situation…

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Future of 3D printer

• Remove the obstacle pointsreduce the required time, lower the price of material, revision the law, …

• Not mass product. Small production and customized productssmall quantity batch production

• Applied on prototype production

• New paradigm for bio-medical area produce customized organs & cells

• Develop easy SW to use

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Future of 3D printer’s application

• Nano scale

• Bio-medical

• Architecture

Using MEMS or micro-unit photon…

Make higher resolution products, smooth surfaces

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Future of 3D printer’s application

• Nano scale

• Bio-medical

• Architecture

customized tooth, artificial leg…organ printing

The Economist, Fed. 2010On the TED. Anthony Atala18

Future of 3D printer’s application

• Nano scale

• Bio-medical

• Architecture

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Effect of 3D printer

• Revolution of manufacture customized production

• Easy making proto type activate the venture company

• Reduce the time and moneyexample…

• Making kidney

• Need to project intellectual property rights stronglyrevision the law

• Disappear job or market: optician, …

• Appear job or increasing market: 3D CAD design market, 3D scanning, material market, …

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Conclusion

3D printing will change the manufacture(Download the 3D design, print and use.)

No more going to the store to buy items

Manufacture right in your own home

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References[1] IT Expo Busan, “Applications and development of 3D printer”, 2013

[2] Intellectural Property Office, “3D Printing A patent overview”, 2013

[3]Dave Bourell, “Additive manufacturing History, current applications and where we are headed”, 2013 (ppt)

[4]Hartmut Stahl, “3D Printing-Risks and Opportunities”, 2013

[5]Stefania Marconi, “3D printing technology”, 2013 (ppt)

[6]Deloltte, “The effect of 3D printing”

[7]Cassidy Silbernagel, “3D printing: Everything you ever wanted to know and more”, 2012 (ppt)

[8] “Review of global 3D printer industry”, 2013

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