3D Displays

3D Displays

13 May 2010Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

Lauri Virkki

Display technologies seminar

The Science of Digital Media3D Displays

• What is 3D?

• 3D History

• 3D production

• 3D Displays

• 3D now

Agenda


• What is 3D?– Eyes are average 64 mm apart– Objects are seen on slightly different angle for

each eye– Brain processes view from both eyes into one

image where objects have different perspective


http://www.vision3d.com/stereo.html


• 3D display techniques exploit the way human vision works

• On display or screen eyes are focused on screen level even though images might appear to be in front or behind the display– This can cause eye fatigue or other symptoms


3D history


• Concept of stereoscopy was introduced by Charles Wheatstone in 1830’s

• First ever 3D film show was ‘The Power of Love’ at Ambassador Hotel theater in Los Angeles in 1922

• In 1950’s 3D films were featured in movie theatres

• In 1980’s and 90’s IMAX theatres showed 3D films


• In Japan Nippon BSII digital started the BSII 3D TV channel in 2007

• In Europe UK broadcaster Sky has started broadcast of BSkyB 3D channel

• 3D breakthrough in Finland was Avatar in movie theatres


3D production


http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikebrowne/3762233229/


• From hype to reality

• In 2008 there were 8 movies in 3D

• In 2009 there were over 20 and they were more popular than 2D movies

• DreamWorks Animation no longer produce anything in 2D only

• 2010 football World Cup in South Africa – up to 25 games filmed in 3D

3D production


Stereo pair

• Based on providing view for left and right eye separately by various techniques


• Color filters– Red and green glasses– Also other color combinations used– No need for 3D display– Can be used even on print– Colors can be faded and in any are effected


http://www.flickr.com/photos/36085855@N05/3563279123/


• Polarizing filters– Image for each eye displayed through

polarizing filter– Viewer wears similarly polarized glasses– In projection screen surface must not affect

polarization– Some overall brightness drop– Circular polarization used to eliminate image

disappearing when tilting head


http://pro.jvc.com/pro/microsite/3d


• Shutter glasses– Glasses block one eye at the time in sync with

display– Requires high speed display– Glasses have active components


Autostereoscopic

• Each eye of the viewer sees the different image from the same display without use of glasses

• Narrow viewing position

• Binocular with one viewing position and multi-view with several viewing positions


• Parallax barrier– Series of vertical aperture slits are placed in

front of the screen that control which part of the screen each eye sees

– Horizontal resolution is halved– Can be turned off for 2D– Small sweet spot


• Lenticular– Thousands of tiny lenses placed in front of

regular LCD screen – Each eye can focus on different set of sub

pixels on LCD element – LC lenses can be turned of for 2D viewing– Slanted lenses versions for multi-view


Philips optoelectronicLC-lens-switch concept


• Head tracking– By tracking viewers head the display optics

are kept so that viewer’s eyes stay in stereoscopic area

– Downside is increased system complexity• Requires system to process tracking data like

OpenCV

– Virtual reality systems would be an example of head tracking system integrated into monitor glasses


• Volumetric– Use a medium to fill or scan a three-

dimensional space – Because depths is part of the space of the

volumetric display eye convergent and focus just like in real world

– Swept volume– Solid state system


Sony prototype with 96 x 128 pixel resolution


• Holographic– Photography technique that records image on

three dimensions – Each point of the holographic screen emits

light beams of different color and intensity to various directions

– Cannot be done in real-time for video


HoloVizio display principle


3D video signal

Left right independent

Side by side

Above-below

Frame independent

Checkerboard

Line by line


• 2D conversion to 3D– Lack of 3D content – chicken or the egg

problem– 3D display not convertible to 2D cannot sell– Philips has developed algorithms that derive a

depth map for each video frame automatically


• XpanD– Used by Finnkino -16 theatre rooms– Total of 27 theathres in Finland– Regular white matte screen and shutter glasses

synced with IR

3D now - movies


• Dolby 3D– RGB for each eye is split into different wavelengths

with the color filter wheel in front of projector and dichroic filter ‘Infitec’ glasses

– Bio Rex in Hämeenlinna

3D now - movies



• RealD– Circular polarization and silver screen– No theatres in Finland


3D now - movies


• IMAX– Two projectors– Polarization or shutter glasses

3D now - movies


• JVC – circular polarization– Line by line or side by side

• Samsung– LED, LCD and plasma– Shutter glasses

• Panasonic– Plasma– Shutter glasses– Frame sequential for full HD

3D now - TV


• Sharp– Autostereoscopic with parallax barrier– Also touch screen

• Sony– Shutter glasses– Frame sequential

3D now - TV


• December 19th 2009 Blu-ray disk association announced final specification for 3D Blu-ray

• Multiview Video Coding (MVC) codec – full backwards compability with players

• First movies available this summer– Poutapilviä ja lihapullakuuroja (Cloudy With A

Chance Of Meatballs)

3D now – Blu-ray


• nVidia 3D vision– Screen must be 120 Hz– Compatible display adapter

• No proper standard – lots of different solutions

• Holographica HoloVizio

3D now – computer displays


Conclusions

• 3D is here but will it break through at homes will be seen

• Well working autostereoscopic displays needed


Questions?

Thank you!

3D Displays

Documents

Transcript of 3D Displays