3/31/19 · Finding Order in Biodiversity Learning Objectives §Describe the goals of binomial...
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3/31/19 1 Finding Order in Biodiversity Learning Objectives § Describe the goals of binomial nomenclature and taxonomy. § Explain how Linnaeus grouped species into larger taxa. § Identify the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified. Taxonomy § A system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules § First classification was done by Aristotle § 2 groups § Plants (classified by height) § Trees, shubs and herbs(grasses) § Animals(classified by where they live) § Air, ground, and water Binomial Nomenclature • In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name (Genus species) • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus • Advantages: • same in all language (use Latin) • no confusion that can occur with common names Binomial Nomenclature Ursus maritimus Genus species Ursus arctos Genus species Classification of Living Things Systematics – science of naming and grouping organisms Taxa – classification groups
Transcript of 3/31/19 · Finding Order in Biodiversity Learning Objectives §Describe the goals of binomial...
3/31/19
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Finding Order in Biodiversity Learning Objectives§ Describe the goals of binomial nomenclature and
taxonomy.§ Explain how Linnaeus grouped species into larger taxa.§ Identify the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified.
Taxonomy§ A system of naming and classifying organisms based on
shared characteristics and universal rules§ First classification was done by Aristotle
§ 2 groups§ Plants (classified by height)
§ Trees, shubs and herbs(grasses)§ Animals(classified by where they live)
§ Air, ground, and water
Binomial Nomenclature
• In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name (Genus species)
• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus• Advantages:
• same in all language (use Latin)• no confusion that can occur with
common names
Binomial Nomenclature
Ursus maritimus
Genus species
Ursus arctos
Genus species
Classification of Living Things
Systematics – science of naming and grouping organismsTaxa – classification groups
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The Linnaean Classification System
• Species - can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Genus – groups of similar species• Family – genera that share similarities• Order – closely related families• Class – similar orders• Phylum – similar classes• Kingdom – largest most inclusive group of
traditional taxonomy
The Linnaean Classification System
Species Camelus bactrianus
Genus Camelus
Family Camelidae
Order Artiodactyla
Class Mammalia
Phylum Chordata
Kingdom Animalia
Classification Changes With New Discoveries
LimpetsBarnacles
Crab
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Plantae
Plantae
Plantae
Plantae
Fungi
Fungi
Protista
Protista
Protista
Monera
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
Kingdoms of Life, 1700s–1990s
Names of KingdomsFirst Introduced
1700s
Late 1800s
1950s
1990s
Three Domains• A new taxonomic category(Domain) was developed due to
the discovery that the prokaryotic groups are more different from each other and from eukaryotes than previously thought
• A domain is larger than a kingdom• The three domains are Bacteria(Eubacteria kingdom)
Arachaea(Archeabateria kingdom) Eukarya(Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia kingdoms)
Classification of Living Things
Animalia
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Kingdom EubacteriaArchae-bacteria “Protista” Fungi Plantae
Cell type
Domain
Examples
Prokaryote Eukaryote
Cell structures
cell walls with peptidoglycan
cell walls without peptidoglycan
cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
cell walls of chitin
cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
no cell walls or chloroplasts
Number of cells
unicellular unicellular
most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
mostmulticellular;someunicellular
mostmulticellular:some greenalgae unicellular
multicellular
Mode of nutrition
autotroph orheterotroph
heterotroph autotroph heterotroph
methanogens,halophiles
Streptococcus,Escherichia coli
Amoeba,Paramecium,slime molds,giant kelp
mushrooms,yeasts
mosses, ferns,floweringplants
sponges,worms,insects, fishes,mammals
Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote
autotroph orheterotroph
autotroph orheterotroph
