3–3 Cycles of Matter
25
End Show Slide 1 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology
Transcript of 3–3 Cycles of Matter
End Show
Slide 1 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology
End Show
Slide 2 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3 Cycles of Matter
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 3 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3-3 Cycles of Matter
How does matter move among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem?
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 4 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Recycling in the Biosphere
Recycling in the Biosphere
Energy and matter move through the biosphere very differently.
Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.
Biogeochemical Cycles
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 5 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Water Cycle
All living things require water to survive.
The Water Cycle
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 6 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Water Cycle
Water moves between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 7 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
How are nutrients important in living systems?
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 8 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
Nutrient Cycles
All the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life are its nutrients.
Every living organism needs nutrients to build tissues and carry out essential life functions.
Similar to water, nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment through biogeochemical cycles.
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 9 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue.
Biological processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition, take up and release carbon and oxygen.
Geochemical processes, such as erosion and volcanic activity, release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and oceans.
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 10 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
CO2 in Atmosphere
Photosynthesis
feeding
feeding
Respiration
DepositionCarbonate
Rocks
Deposition
Decomposition
Fossil fuel
Volcanic activity
Uplift
Erosion
Respiration
Human activity
CO2 in Ocean
Photosynthesis
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 11 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
The Nitrogen Cycle
All organisms require nitrogen to make proteins.
Although nitrogen gas is the most abundant form of nitrogen on Earth, only certain types of bacteria can use this form directly.
Such bacteria live in the soil and on the roots of plants called legumes. They convert nitrogen gas into ammonia in a process known as nitrogen fixation.
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 12 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
Bacterial nitrogen fixation
N2 in Atmosphere
NH3
Synthetic fertilizer manufacturer
Uptake by producers
Reuse by consumers
Decomposition excretion
Atmospheric nitrogen fixation
Uptake by producers
Reuse by consumers
Decomposition
Decomposition excretion
NO3 and NO2
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 13 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas in a process called denitrification.
This process releases nitrogen into the atmosphere once again.
Nutrient Cycles
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 14 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Cycles
The Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus is essential to organisms because it helps forms important molecules like DNA and RNA.
Most phosphorus exists in the form of inorganic phosphate. Inorganic phosphate is released into the soil and water as sediments wear down.
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 15 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Organic phosphate moves through the food web and to the rest of the ecosystem.
Nutrient Cycles
Ocean
Land
Organisms
Sediments
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 16 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nutrient Limitation
Nutrient Limitation
The primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate at which organic matter is created by producers.
One factor that controls the primary productivity of an ecosystem is the amount of available nutrients.
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 17 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
If a nutrient is in short supply, it will limit an organism's growth.
When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly, this substance is called a limiting nutrient.
Nutrient Limitation
End Show
3–3 Cycles of Matter
Slide 18 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
When an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient—such as runoff from heavily fertilized fields—the result is often an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers.
This result is called an algal bloom.
Algal blooms can disrupt the equilibrium of an ecosystem.
Nutrient Limitation
End Show
- or -Continue to: Click to Launch:
Slide 19 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3
End Show
Slide 20 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3
Transpiration is part of the
a. water cycle.
b. carbon cycle.
c. nitrogen cycle.
d. phosphorus cycle.
End Show
Slide 21 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3
Carbon is found in the atmosphere in the form of
a. carbohydrates.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. calcium carbonate.
d. ammonia.
End Show
Slide 22 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3
Biologists describe nutrients as moving through cycles because the substances
a. start as simple organic forms that plants need.
b. provide “building blocks” and energy that organisms need.
c. are passed between organisms and the environment and then back to organisms.
d. are needed by organisms to carry out life processes.
End Show
Slide 23 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3
The only organisms that can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into a form useful to living things are nitrogen-fixing
a. plants.
b. bacteria.
c. detritivores.
d. animals.
End Show
Slide 24 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
3–3
When an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, the result is
a. runoff.
b. algal death.
c. algal bloom.
d. less primary productivity.
END OF SECTION
