3.2 Spanish America3.2 Spanish America

The Spanish EmpireThe Spanish EmpireCouncil of the IndiesCouncil of the Indies (highest level) (highest level)

This was the government in Spanish AmericaThis was the government in Spanish AmericaWhat did it do?What did it do?

o Made laws, judged legal cases, & appointed officialsMade laws, judged legal cases, & appointed officialsTwo (2) viceroys (royal governors)Two (2) viceroys (royal governors)

o Peru/Chile to ColumbiaPeru/Chile to Columbiao New Spain (North America, Caribbean, Philippines)New Spain (North America, Caribbean, Philippines)o Territory run by elected officialsTerritory run by elected officialso Too large a territory to manage wellToo large a territory to manage well

What did Spain get from its empire?What did Spain get from its empire?Consisted of the former empires of Consisted of the former empires of

the Aztec and Incasthe Aztec and IncasGold and SilverGold and SilverAgricultural crops from MexicoAgricultural crops from Mexico

Governing of New SpainGoverning of New SpainSpanish Settlements (what you might Spanish Settlements (what you might

find includes)find includes)o PueblosPueblos (towns- former Indian villages) (towns- former Indian villages)

Trading posts & center of governmentTrading posts & center of government

o MissionsMissions (Priests) (Priests)What was their mission?What was their mission?

Convert Indians to CatholicismConvert Indians to Catholicism

o PresidiosPresidiosMilitary bases (Florida and Texas)Military bases (Florida and Texas)

The Economy of New SpainThe Economy of New SpainEncomienda SystemEncomienda System

o Gave Spanish the right to tax and demand Gave Spanish the right to tax and demand labor from the Indians in exchange for labor from the Indians in exchange for teaching them Christianity and providing teaching them Christianity and providing protection.protection.

o Often evolved into slavery (not the purpose)Often evolved into slavery (not the purpose)

Bartolome de Las Casas Bartolome de Las Casas (missionary/priest)(missionary/priest)o Spoke out against Indian abusesSpoke out against Indian abuses

Slave LaborSlave Laboro 1517 start of 1517 start of PlantationsPlantationso Importation of Africans (abused)Importation of Africans (abused)

Expanding into the BorderlandsExpanding into the BorderlandsFlorida and GeorgiaFlorida and Georgia

o Goals in doing soGoals in doing soKick the French out (St. Augustine)Kick the French out (St. Augustine)Expansion occurred slowly due to disease, Expansion occurred slowly due to disease,

pirates, and hostile Indianspirates, and hostile Indians

SouthwestSouthwesto Santa Fe and El Paso first settlementsSanta Fe and El Paso first settlements

Goal was to spread ChristianityGoal was to spread ChristianityMet hostile IndiansMet hostile IndiansBuilt Built El Camino RealEl Camino Real (system of roads to (system of roads to

connect the empire)connect the empire)

Colonial class structureColonial class structurePeninsulars (upper class white; born Peninsulars (upper class white; born

in Spain)in Spain)Criollos (Spanish born in America)Criollos (Spanish born in America)Mestizos (born to Spanish and Indian Mestizos (born to Spanish and Indian

parents)parents)IndiansIndiansSlavesSlaves