3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
-
Upload
contextualstudies -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
1/25
02/10THE ORIGINS OF MODERNISM
1. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BACKGROUND
2. Speaker: Helen Bowman
MMU Student Support Officer
3. Summary Writing 2
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
2/25
RECAPSWho we are & our venue
Times & Protocols
Sign in and lateness
Packs, Handouts, Tutorials
Annotating your Handouts
Get a Box and a File
Unit 3 Schedule, 5 Maxims,
CT and Modernism types
STYLE ARTIST
Impressionism Salvador Dali
Abst Expressionism Leonardo da Vinci
Cubism Lord Leighton
Brit Art Jackson Pollock
Renaissance Damien Hirst
Classical Trad Pablo Picasso
Surrealism Claude Monet
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
3/25
A STEPPING STONE TO MODERNISM
1500 1800 1900 2000
IDEALISM
The Classical Tradition
REALISM
Impressionism
MODERN ART
Many styles
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
4/25
CHANGING WORLD - CHANGING ART
Before modern times, society and its art changed quite slowly
Most people kept to the rules and were quite satisfied with this
From around 1800 the Industrial Revolution changed all this
Everything became uncertain, as in life so in art
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
5/25
THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGE
CHANGES EFFECTS THE EFFECTS ONTHE ART WORLD
SCIENCE
RULES
It explains the world (religion used to),making world-changing inventions
USE THE SAME METHODS -EXAMINE OUR WORLD
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
New materials and mass production
change every aspect of peoples lives
OLD WAYS ARE DEAD - FIND
NEW METHODS
NEW WORKING
PATTERNS
People become slaves of the machine,working all hours in mills and factories
A NEW REALITY -ART MUSTREFLECT THIS LIFE
URBANGROWTH
Communities migrate to cities that growwithout housing, sanitation, etc
A NEW LIFE -SHOW THISNEW, UGLY WORLD IN ART
MIDDLE CLASS
POWER
Factory owners and managers take
power from the upper class aristocracy
NEW BUYERS, NEW TASTE -
WANT NEW SUBJECTS
SOCIALMOBILITY
The railway revolution allows travel,new horizons and new experiences
SEE THE WORLD -A NEWVARIETY OF SUBJECTS
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
6/25
Images ofChange
1
2
3
4
5
6
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
7/25
CHAIN REACTION
1 - 7 These changes are felt in the
centre of the art world, Paris.
The turmoil that is theFrench Revolution (1789)pushes them even further -extreme times and feelings
So it is here that the modern
approach to art emerges
This happened very quicklyas a sort of chain reactionthat is set out here
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
8/25
1. Propaganda
1800: the Classical Tradition isused by politicians to get overtheir message: its power andprestige is exploited by the
Revolutionaries and then byNapoleon (1805)
Thus the French lose their trust inestablishment art of the Salon (itlies) and look for an alternative artthat they can believe in
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
9/25
2. The Art
Market 1805: the palaces are opened
up to all - the first galleries
This reveals a huge publicinterest in art - and this creates
the art press, critics andgalleries - our modern world
The print industry fuels thisnew craze with print copiesand print shops
Across Europe, art is boughtand sold as never before - andthis market makes the artistfree.how?
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
10/25
3. Young Art
Rebels This is one choice:
1820s: a young generationof artists emerge who aredetermined to make art moremodern
Free from commissions,patrons and art rules, theydo their own thing (and try tosell it in the art market)
Gericault (& Delacroix) setthis pattern by using topicsthat shock the Salon and thepublic, and by adopting theromantic rebel pose
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
11/25
4. Genre: a Popular Modern Art
This is the other way:
1830s: many artists see thatyou could exploit this newscene to become verysuccessful and rich
They soothe the new buyingpublic by making art soft -realistic but safe, moral andsentimental (soft realism)
This is genre, available to all
in print - popular and makingmany artists very rich
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
12/25
5. The Avant-Garde
1840s: by now most young artrebels scorn the soft optionand looked for tough, realisticsubjects to reflect theirmodern age
They mostly took their leadfrom science - recording theharsh new world of citiesindustry and poverty
They organized into smallgroups when faced withpopular scorn against theirugly art - so art now had
avant garde groups
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
13/25
6. Realism
1850s: this new modern art(and writing) is christenedRealism; be of your time
It has endless groupings, alltrying different ways tocapture our new modern life
Despite the publics disdain,Realism is influential: it is thefirst of our modern crossover
styles from theatre to novelsand to philosophy
Also called Positivism andMaterialism, Realism affectsall areas of design and arttoo.
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
14/25
Realism: Nature analysed toinspire Design (Crossover)
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
15/25
7. Impressionism
1860s: one group of realistswere determined to take theseexperiments even further
They used the discoveries ofoptical science to show howour eyes really see the world
This involved evolving a newstyle (not new subjects)
Its look was so different that itseemed insulting in 1874: amere impression said critics.
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
16/25
THE DIFFERENCE OF IMPRESSIONISM
Thus Impressionism is the mostextreme version of Realism
Harmless looking today, this
version of Realism was the onethat had the most effect on laterstyles (and Modern Art)
From the 1860s to the1880s,Impressionism became more
and more experimental in itsmethods - and so it is the stylethat makes it so important
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
17/25
Extreme ?
However the public couldnttake seriously these smalland unfinished pictures
Worse, their subjectsseemed ugly and hard tomake out
These mere sketches mustbe a joke of some kind..
But look how these littlepictures seem to break allthe rules of the ClassicalTradition
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
18/25
Experimental
Methods?
Many Impressionists were more interested in their method than their subjects
They followed science and recorded, on the spot, unmodified sense impressions
They made quick, unimproved and un-beautified records of what they saw This produced a flat pattern of dabs or pixels that mixed in your eye (optical mix)
Like snapshots, their compositions seem unplanned and odd (see next)
But this looked fresh and honest - and achieved a greater realism and honesty
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
19/25
Gallery
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
20/25
Keywords for Impressionism
Asymmetrical
Visual brushstrokes
Flattened space
Optical mixing Cropping
Unmixed colours
Modern life
Portable
Aerial perspective (only) Snapshot
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
21/25
Influential Its the new look of
Impressionism, the flatmosaic of bright colours andloose un-disguisedbrushstrokes, that dazzledand then inspired the nextgenerations of artists
But these artists, from 1880to 1910, used the elements ofImpressionism for manydifferent (post-impressionist)
effects and styles These are what we now see
as the start of modernart.
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
22/25
Some Post-Impressionist StylesIdentify the elements taken further from Impressionism
STYLE ARTIST STYLE ELEMENT DEVELOPED
Pointillism
1880s
1 Seurat Brushstrokes into dots, applyingscientific theories
Post-Impressionism
1880s
2 Van Gogh Big brushstrokes, bright colour
taken further for emotional impact
Fauvism
1890s
3 Matisse Unreal colour exaggerated tosuggest emotional states
Expressionism
1900s
4 Heckel The unfinished effects exploited tomake personal and honest
Cubism
1910
5 Picasso The examination of how we seetaken onto a conceptual approach
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
23/25
Five post-impressionist examples1
3
4
5
2
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
24/25
Crossover Images 1900Architecture, posters, products, typography illustration, craftwork, photography andfilm - this urge to experiment with style crossed over into all areas of design: luckily
you do not have to research this topic for your VRF assignment
-
8/4/2019 3. VRF Reader: Introduction to Western Art
25/25
FINALLY
Where to see? Try Valette inthe City Art Gallery (along withgenre)
Next: Cubism, your firstassignment style (VRF)
Register - have you signed in ?
Due in soon - SummaryWriting - 6 paragraphs