11. VRF Reader: Modern Design Overview 11
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Transcript of 11. VRF Reader: Modern Design Overview 11
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09/10 Modern Design: OverviewA (very) short look at the emergence of modern design
this is Modernism in terms of design developments it will be followed up in more detail next year its role today is to support your VRF research for unit 3
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Preview: Modern DesignAs old design faded, its single approach (called Historicism) was
replaced by a variety of modern looks, many of which are listed here:
1850 1900 1950 2000
Industrial Design
The American System
A
R
T
N
OU
V
E
A
U
W
AR
M
O
D
E
R
N
A
R
T
Bauhaus
Functionalism
W
AR
Minimal Design Today
The International Style
Historicism
Arts and Crafts Revival
Art Deco
Sreamlining
New
Look
60sPop
Postmod-ernismDesignerism
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Design RecognitionLabel these examples so that they illustrate the schematic for you
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Beginning: Is Design Different ?
In many respects, also,design seems to follow theevolution of both paintingand architecture, from
complexity/decoration tosimplicity, from fixed rules toexperiment, and from beautyto honesty
Contrast the differencesbetween these two, andcompare them to those in thefollowing examples:
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Answer: the Cinderella Syndrome
Leaving aside its differentfunction and materials, it isour ignorance of design thatsets it apart -
Design is so influential butso invisible it seems
This is what makes designso different - why is this andhow has it come about ?
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Clues and facts first:Consider the implications of these three facts
The first Society of Designerswas formed in 1898:
One of the first people to makea living by simply designing(from home) was CA Voysey atthe start of the 20th century:
Kenneth Graves, a leading
British industrial designer, ismuch more famous in Japanthan in his home country:
Your Conclusions ?
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What you need to know
Design, or craft as it was known,was split off from Art in the 16thcentury as artists tried to maketheir work as important and
intellectual as poetry & philosophy,and as different as possible to craft
They established a hierarchy ofimportance (a canon) that has keptdesign in its (lower) place - while
separate art and design schoolsmaintained this separation
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Division or Unity ?
For many centuries, therefore,design has been unimportant, ithas had no museums, andprestigious design was done by
architects and others but not byfull-time, professional designers
When people like Morris (1860sonwards) and the Bauhaus(1919 - 1932) attempted tobring them back together andsay that they were equallycreative and valuable, theywere very much swimmingagainst the tide of opinion
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Twentieth Century
Crossover theme The eventual success of this
unification, though, has givenus the artist-craftsman and the
crossover theme of our Unit 3 It has allowed people to admire,
collect and display design inmuseums much like art
It has redefined and split the
craft world. ! The modern age is full of these
sort of crossover examples
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This crossover process should be exciting and stimulating for youbut, as ever, you will find problems and puzzles like this one
Warning..
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HOW MODERN DESIGN EVOLVED:
1. HISTORICISM Good design in the past was
closer to our idea of decoration,with an emphasis put on therefinement of past styles (aka
Revivalism) Efficiency, good looks and
coordination were hardly valuedwhile good craft/design washandmade for the rich elite only
Continuity with the past, notoriginality, was most valued -
Thus we had antiquarians andpattern books instead ofdesigners and original ideas
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2. INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION Everything was changed by the
inventions, the mass productiontechniques and the newmaterials of the 19th century -
except in design Factories could now produce
Historicism cheaply: anexplosion of cheap copies inevery home - for everyone, butall bad
The Great Exhibition (1851)showed an exciting new worldbut not a new look for it -
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3. DESIGN REFORMERS (L 19thC)
A few people were trying toimprove things and create amodern design for a modernworld
- Henry Ford and the AmericanSystem
- The Arts & Crafts Movementlead by William Morris
- Henry Coles improvements in
design education- The development of the High
Street and consumerism
- The rise of the designer andstyle conscious movementssuch as Art Nouveau in 1900
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4. BAUHAUS AND MODERNISM Using a combination of these
(*the methods of Ford, *the ideasof Morris, *the look of modern artand *the originality of the newbreed of designer) came the
Bauhaus in the 1920s after theGreat War, a revolution in design:Modern Design
Soon spreading across the worldas Minimalism and Functionalism,its undecorated simplicity, its
originality and its cheapness allcombined to make it dominate andshape our world. The ultimate,timeless, faceless modern designstyle had arrived.
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20th CENTURY COMPLEXITYThe success of this minimal style created the view that,
like Abstract Art in 20th century, the Bauhaus style is the
only modern style (a view they were keen to promote).Yet, as well seen, the story is much more complex:
1850 1900 1950 2000
Industrial Design
The American System
A
R
T
N
OU
V
E
A
U
W
AR
M
O
D
E
R
N
A
R
T
Bauhaus
Functionalism
W
AR
Minimal Design Today
The International Style
Historicism
Arts and Crafts Revival
Art Deco
Sreamlining
NewLook
60sPop
Postmod-ernismDesignerism
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But: A Style for Each Age 1In reality, the Bauhaus style has always faced competition from other styles
that each reflected their age and show that there is more than one approach
Art Deco: post-war peace givesa sci-fi, exotic machine style toreflect the new optimism
New Look: post-war rebuildingwith an organic, plastic luxurylook exploits new technologies
Pop Design: consumerisms funteenage throwaway styleexpresses a period of optimism
Postmodernism: a troubled timequestions singular orthodoxiesand uses the new technologiesto create a deluge of styles thatoverwhelm the Bauhaus look
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A Style for Each Age 2label these: can you relate them to any of our art styles?
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A Style for Each Age 3label these: can you relate these to any of our art styles?
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Crossover Examples for the VRFIn modern culture ideas spread quickly, everyone knows what every one
is doing - so examples from art and design can be easily connectedCan you recall which art styles gave us these design examples?
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Crossover Examples for the VRF(continued)
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VRF: Searching for Design Examples
For each of our six styles you need adesign and a Manchester example(have you organized a Manchesterphoto search session yet ?)
Your Brief lists which type of exampleyou need for each course (the grid)
Your Introduction Pack lists useful webaddresses to search for designexamples (dont rely on Google) and
how to access Moodle/Online Lectures You have the Caption guidance too -
with keywords and examples of how toexplain your choices
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Unit 3: Deadline
We finish on a warning - we work to thedeadlines set down by MMU and sofailure to hand in your work on time, orto not keep us up to date with yourproblems (and/or apply for mitigation),
will lead to sanctions. So get organizednow.
Remember: you hand in one document:VRF + Writing on one issue at the back
VRF = 6 intros, 12 images, 12explanations, cover, contents, researchand bibliography read your brief
The writing at the back is on one issuefrom our three: min 750 words, plus title,images, research and bibliography
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MOST COMMON MISTAKES
1. no name or course on the front of your work2. using Art images as examples (ignoring the brief )3. plagiarism: quote and attribute the words of others4. explanations of your image choice (caption) too short
5. missing the deadline to request mitigation for more time6. no good reason given (a lot of work on is not accepted)
We will be covering a number of topics to help you deliver agood assignment. These will include plagiarism, mitigationprocedure, presentation and peer review. But you will find itextremely useful to note these 6 common mistakes now totry to avoid them down the line