3 Values,Attitudes&WorkBeh

8/18/2019 3 Values,Attitudes&WorkBeh

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COMMERCE 2BA3ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOURClass 3

Values, Attitudes & Work Behaviour

Dr. Christa Wilkin

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Brain Teasers

UP

SIDE

Le t out !ield

i"i #o!IS$nd

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Agenda

Di+erent kinds o valuesA loser look at /o) attitudes su h assatis a tionBehaviours su h as #er or(an e and

o((it(ent

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C$ "0 VALUES, A I UDES,

A1D W2 4 BE$AVI2U S

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W at Are Val!es"

A )road tenden ' to #re er ertain stateso a+airs over others.Values have to do *ith *hat *e onsider%ood and )ad.Values are (otivational and ver'%eneral.

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7/51

O##!$ati%nal &i'eren#esin Val!es

5e()ers o di+erent o u#ational %rou#s holddi+erent values. E.%., #ro s value e6ual o##ortunit' (ore than av%

#erson E.%., sales#eo#le rank so ial values lo*er 7#ea e,

e6ualit'8

Di+eren es an ause on-i t )et*eenor%ani9ations and *ithin or%ani9ationsA %ood :;t< )et*een the values o e(#lo'ees andtheir su#ervisors and or%ani9ation enhan es /o)attitudes and )ehaviours

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8/51

(!esti%n

Would 'ou ontinue *orkin% i 'ou *on alar%e a(ount o (one' in a lotter'=

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9/51

W%r) Centralit*

Work is valued di+erentl' a rossultures.

here are ross>national di+eren es inthe e?tent to *hi h #eo#le #er eive*ork as a entral li e interest.5ore entral interest in *ork

Work (ore hours

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10/51

Val!es a#r%ss C!lt!res+H%,stede-s St!d*

@eert $o stede 6uestioned over , IB5e(#lo'ees in " ountries a)out *ork>relatedvalues.

!ive )asi di(ensions alon% *hi h *ork>related values di+ered a ross ultures0 Po*er distan e Un ertaint' avoidan e 5as ulinit' e(ininit' Individualis( olle tivis( Lon%>ter( or short>ter( orientation

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11/51

.%/er &istan#e

he e?tent to *hi h an une6ual distri)utiono #o*er is a e#ted )' so iet' (e()ers.In s(all #o*er distan e ultures, ine6ualit'

is (ini(i9ed, su#eriors are a essi)le, and#o*er di+eren es are do*n#la'ed.In lar%e #o*er distan e ultures, ine6ualit'is a e#ted as natural, su#eriors areina essi)le, and #o*er di+eren es arehi%hli%hted. e.%., (ovie theatre versus lu()er o(#an'

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Un#ertaint* A0%idan#e

he e?tent to *hi h #eo#le are un o( orta)le*ith un ertain and a()i%uous situations.Stron% un ertaint' avoidan e ultures stress

rules and re%ulations, hard *ork, on or(it',and se urit'.Cultures *ith *eak un ertaint' avoidan e areless on erned *ith rules, on or(it', and

se urit' risk takin% is valued.Canada is *ell )elo* avera%e 7e?hi)its *eakun ertaint' avoidan e8(!esti%n+ Advanta%es= Disadvanta%es=

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Mas#!linit*1 e ininit*

5as uline ultures learl' di+erentiate%ender roles, su##ort the do(inan e o(en, and stress e ono(i #er or(an e.

!e(inine ultures a e#t -uid %enderroles, stress se?ual e6ualit', and stress6ualit' o li e.

Canada ranked a)out (id>#a k

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Indi0id!alis 1C%lle#ti0is

Individualisti so ieties stressinde#enden e, individual initiative, and#riva '.

Colle tive ultures avourinterde#enden e and lo'alt' to a(il' or

lan.

(!esti%n+ An' %uesses *here Canadaalls=

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L%ng4ter 1S %rt4terOrientati%n

Cultures *ith a lon%>ter( orientation stress#ersisten e, #erseveran e, thri t, and loseattention to status di+eren es.Cultures *ith a short>ter( orientation stress#ersonal steadiness and sta)ilit', a e>savin%,and so ial ni eties.China, $on% 4on%, ai*an, Fa#an, and South4orea tend to )e hara teri9ed )' a lon%>ter(orientaion.Canada and the United States are (ore short>ter( oriented.

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W at Are Attit!des"

A airl' sta)le tenden ' to res#ondonsisten ' to so(e s#e i; o)/e t,

situation, #erson, or ate%or' o #eo#le.

he' involve evaluations dire ted to*ards#e i; targets .

he' are relativel' stable .

Belie G Value H Attitude Behaviour

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W at Is 5%6 Satis,a#ti%n"

A olle tion o attitudes that *orkershave a)out their /o)s.

*o as#e ts o satis a tion.!a et satis a tion re ers to the tenden '

or an e(#lo'ee to )e (ore or lesssatis;ed *ith various a ets o the /o)0

he *ork itsel Co(#ensation Career o##ortunities

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18/51

O0erall 5%6 Satis,a#ti%n

2verall satis a tion is an avera%e or total othe attitudes individuals hold to*ard various

a ets o the /o).

5' resear h0 Co(#arison o /o) satis a tion)et*een #er(anent and ontin%ent *orkers Contin%ent *orkers e?#erien e lo*er /o)

satis a tion

Certain t'#es o *orkers 7e.%., a%en ' *orkers8e?#erien e (ore un avora)le #s' holo%i alout o(es than other ontin%ent *orkers 7e.%.,dire t>hire *orkers, sel >e(#lo'ed *orkers8

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19/51

W at &eter ines 5%6Satis,a#ti%n"

A #erson s /o) satis a tion is deter(ined)' a nu()er o a tors0 Dis re#an ' !airness Dis#osition 5ood and e(otion

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&is#re$an#* T e%r*

A theor' that /o) satis a tion ste(s ro(the dis re#an ' )et*een the /o)out o(es *anted and the out o(es that

are #er eived to )e o)tained. here is stron% eviden e that satis a tion*ith one s #a' is hi%h *hen there is as(all %a# )et*een the #a' re eived andthe #er e#tion o ho* (u h #a' should )e re eived.

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airness

here are three )asi kinds o airness0 Distri)utive airness 7the out o(es *e re eive8 Pro edural airness 7the #ro ess that led to

those out o(es8 Intera tional airness 7ho* these (atters *ereo((uni ated to us8

So(e #eo#le think that intera tional airness

is reall' o(#rised o t*o t'#es o airness Inter#ersonal and In or(ational

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&istri6!ti0e airness

!airness that o urs *hen #eo#le re eive*hat the' think the' deserve ro( their

/o)s.

It involves the distribution o *orkre*ards and resour es.Individuals *ant :*hat s air.<

E6uit' theor' #rovides a *a' ounderstandin% ho* #eo#le deter(ine*hat is air.

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E7!it* T e%r*

A theor' that /o) satis a tion ste(s ro( ao(#arison o the in#uts one invests in a /o) and

the out o(es one re eives in o(#arison to thein#uts and out o(es o another #erson or %rou#.

5' out o(es H 2ther s out o(es5' in#uts 2ther s in#uts

(!esti%n+ ou and I do the sa(e /o) )ut I %et#aid J (ore an hour than 'ou. Is this air=

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.r%#ed!ral airness

!airness that o urs *hen the #ro essused to deter(ine *ork out o(es isseen as reasona)le.

It is on erned *ith how out o(es arede ided and allo ated.It is #arti ularl' relevant to out o(es

su h as #er or(an e evaluations, #a'raises, #ro(otions, la'o+s, and *orkassi%n(ents.

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.r%#ed!ral airness

In allo atin% out o(es, the ollo*in% a torsontri)ute to #er e#tions o #ro eduralairness. he allo ator0

!ollo*s onsistent #ro edures over ti(e anda ross #eo#le. Uses a urate in or(ation and a##ears

un)iased. Allo*s t*o>*a' o((uni ation durin% the

allo ation #ro ess. Wel o(es a##eals o the #ro edure or

allo ation.

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Intera#ti%nal airness

!airness that o urs *hen #eo#le eelthat the' have re eived res#e t ul andin or(ative o((uni ation a)out an

out o(e.Intera tional airness is i(#ortant)e ause it is #ossi)le or a)solutel' airout o(es or #ro edures to )e #er eivedas un air *hen the' are inade6uatel' orun arin%l' e?#lained.

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Indi0id!al E8er#ise

ead ase in ident :$o* (u h do 'ou%et #aid=<Ans*er the ollo*in% t*o 6uestions0 A ordin% to e6uit' theor', ho* *ill these

in idents in-uen e Foan s /o) satis a tionand )ehaviour=

What should Foan do in res#onse to hersituation= What should her or%ani9ation do=

Be #re#ared to re#ort )a k to the lass

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&is$%siti%n

Could 'our #ersonalit' ontri)ute to 'oureelin%s o /o) satis a tion=

Peo#le *ho are e?traverted and

ons ientious tend to )e (ore satis;ed *iththeir /o)s. hose hi%h in neuroti is( are less satis;ed.Peo#le *ho are hi%h in sel >estee( andinternal lo us o ontrol are (ore satis;ed.Peo#le *ho are o#ti(isti and #roa tivere#ort hi%her /o) satis a tion.

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M%%d and E %ti%n

Emotions are intense, o ten short>livedeelin%s aused )' a #arti ular event su h as

a )ad #er or(an e a##raisal.

E.%., I ( so (ad at (' )oss or %ivin% (e alous' annual #er or(an e revie* )e ause I(ade that )i% (istake last *eek. 7 (!esti%n+ What t'#e o #er e#tual error is this=8

Moods are less intense, lon%er>lived, and(ore di+use eelin%s. E.%., I *oke u# on the *ron% side o the )ed this

(ornin%.

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A'e#ti0e E0ents T e%r*

$o* do e(otions and (oods a+e t /o)satis a tion=2r%ani9ational events and ha##enin%s

an #rovoke e(otions and in-uen e(oods de#endin% on ho* the' area##raised.

E(otions and (oods an in turnin-uen e /o) satis a tion.Work Event

e.g., promotion

Emotionsand Moodse.g., happ

!o"#atis$a%tion

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E %ti%nal C%ntagi%n

5ood and e(otion an also in-uen e /o)satis a tion throu%h e(otional

onta%ion.

Emotional contagion is the tenden ' or(oods and e(otions to s#read )et*een#eo#le or throu%hout a %rou#. E.%., De))ie Do*ner li# ro( S1L

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E %ti%nal Reg!lati%n

5ood and e(otion an also in-uen e /o)satis a tion throu%h e(otional re%ulation.Emotional regulation is the re6uire(ent or

#eo#le to on or( to ertain :dis#la' rules< his is o ten re erred to as :e(otionalla)our.< E.%., in usto(er servi e /o)s (a' need to

s(ile and )e #leasant des#ite usto(ers)ehaviour

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E %ti%nal Reg!lati%n

In so(e /o)s, e(#lo'ees (ust e?a%%erate#ositive e(otions *hile in others the'(ust su##ress ne%ative e(otions.

he re6uent need to su##ress ne%ativee(otions an lo*er /o) satis a tion andin rease stress.So(e resear h su%%ests that the need toe?#ress #ositive e(otions i(#roves /o)satis a tion.

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C%nse7!en#es %, 5%6Satis,a#ti%n

Fo) satis a tion has a nu()er oonse6uen es0

A)sen e ro( *ork urnover Per or(an e 2r%ani9ational iti9enshi# )ehaviour Custo(er satis a tion and #ro;t

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A6senteeis

Less satis;ed e(#lo'ees are (ore likel'to )e a)sent. E.%., (a' all in si k *hen not reall' si k

Satis a tion *ith the ontent o the *orkis the )est #redi tor o a)senteeis(.

he a)sen e>satis a tion onne tion is

not ver' stron%.

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T!rn%0er

urnover re ers to resi%nation ro( anor%ani9ation and it an )e ver' e?#ensive.

esear h indi ates a (oderatel' stron%onne tion )et*een /o) satis a tion and turnover.

Less>satis;ed *orkers are (ore likel' to 6uit.

(!esti%n+ What t'#e o o((it(ent oulde?#lain *h' so(e dissatis;ed #eo#le sta' in their /o)s=

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.er,%r an#e

esear h has ound that /o) satis a tion isasso iated *ith hi%her /o) #er or(an e. BU , satis;ed *orkers *ill not )e ne essaril'

(ore #rodu tive and #rodu tive *orkers arenot ne essaril' satis;ed

he (ost i(#ortant a et or #redi tin%#er or(an e is the ontent o the *ork itsel .

When %ood #er or(an e is ollo*ed )'re*ards, e(#lo'ees are (ore likel' to )esatis;ed.

!o"

#atis$a%tion

!o"

&er$orman%e

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Citi9ens i$ Be a0i%!r

:OCB;Voluntar', in or(al )ehaviour thatontri)utes to or%ani9ational

e+e tiveness.

Fo) satis a tion is stron%l' related to 2CB. he di+erent or(s o 2CB0

$el#in% )ehaviour and o+erin% assistan e. Cons ientiousness to the details o *ork. Bein% a %ood s#ort. Courtes' and oo#eration.

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C! % S i # i%


40/51

C!st% er Satis,a#ti%nand .r%


41/51

Indi0id!al E8er#ise

hink a)out so(eone 'ou kno* *ho*orked at an or%ani9ation or a ver' lon%ti(e.

W$ do 'ou think the' sta'ed or solon%=$o* lon% did the' sta'=

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W%r) C% it ent

Organizational commitment is anattitude that re-e ts the stren%th o thelinka%e )et*een an e(#lo'ee and an

or%ani9ation. here are three di+erent t'#es oor%ani9ational o((it(ent0 A+e tive o((it(ent Continuan e o((it(ent 1or(ative o((it(ent

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A'e#ti0e C% it ent

Co((it(ent )ased on a #erson s identi; ationand involve(ent *ith an or%ani9ation.Peo#le *ith hi%h a+e tive o((it(ent sta'*ith an or%ani9ation )e ause the' want to. I eel like #art o the a(il' at this o(#an' Workin% here has a %reat deal o #ersonal

(eanin% I *ould )e ver' ha##' to s#end the rest o ('

areer here

(!esti%n+ Advanta%es= Disadvanta%es=

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C% ti ! #


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C%ntin!an#eC% it ent

Co((it(ent )ased on the osts that *ould)e in urred in leavin% an or%ani9ation.Peo#le *ith hi%h ontinuan e o((it(ent

sta' *ith an or%ani9ation )e ause the'have to.Pa', #ensions, )ene;ts, et . It *ould )e hard or (e to leave, even i I

*anted to 2ne disadvanta%e o leavin% this ;r( is the

s ar it' o availa)le /o) alternatives(!esti%n+ Advanta%es= Disadvanta%es=

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(!i9 (!esti%n

What a tor *ould )e (ost likel' to )oostontinuan e o((it(ent=A8 A %enerous #ension und

B8 2r%ani9ational ideolo%'C8 Interestin% *orkD8 5ovin% to a ne* o((unit'E8 !riendl' su#ervision

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N%r ati0e C% it ent

Co((it(ent )ased on ideolo%' or aeelin% o o)li%ation to an or%ani9ation.

Peo#le *ith hi%h nor(ative o((it(ent

sta' *ith an or%ani9ation )e ause the'think the' should do so. I o*e a %reat deal to (' o(#an' I *ould eel %uilt' i I 6uit this ;r( I eel a sense o o)li%ation to this ;r(

(!esti%n+ Advanta%es= Disadvanta%es=

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47/51

Gr%!$ A#ti0it*

Divide into %rou#s o K > #eo#lee er )a k to ever'one s #ara%ra#h that

*as *ritten.

As a %rou#, dis uss *hat or(s oor%ani9ational o((it(ent are evidentin ea h #erson s #ara%ra#h.

Pi k one e?a(#le to re#ort )a k to thelass

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UES I21S=

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S! ar*

A %ood :;t< )et*een the values oe(#lo'ees and their su#ervisors andor%ani9ation enhan es /o) attitudes and)ehaviours.

Fo) Satis a tion A+e ts (an' )ehaviors that are not dire tl'

related to #er or(an e 7e.%., a)senteeis(,2CBs8

!osterin% o((it(ent is i(#ortant Continuan e o((it(ent lo*er #er or(an e,

*hile a+e tive o((it(ent in reases#er or(an e

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%r Ne8t Class

ead ha#ters K and on (otivation50


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%r Gr%!$s

Let s no* or( the %rou#s or the (ovieassi%n(entPi k 'our (ovie or V sho*

Within 'our %rou#s, talk a)out thee?#e tations that 'ou have o ea h otherE? han%e onta t in or(ation

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