3. Technical and administrative metadata standards Metadata Standards and Applications.

3. Technical and 3. Technical and administrative metadata administrative metadata

standardsstandards

Metadata Standards and Metadata Standards and ApplicationsApplications

Goals of sessionGoals of session

To understand the different types of To understand the different types of administrative metadata standardsadministrative metadata standards

To learn what types of metadata are To learn what types of metadata are needed for digital preservationneeded for digital preservation

To learn the importance of technical, To learn the importance of technical, structural and rights metadata in structural and rights metadata in digital librariesdigital libraries

22Metadata Standards & ApplicationsMetadata Standards & Applications

Types of administrative metadataTypes of administrative metadata

Provides information to help manage a Provides information to help manage a resource or the metadata about a resourceresource or the metadata about a resource– Preservation metadataPreservation metadata

Technical characteristicsTechnical characteristics Information about actions on an objectInformation about actions on an object

– Structural metadata may be considered Structural metadata may be considered administrative; indicates how compound administrative; indicates how compound objects are put togetherobjects are put together

– Rights metadataRights metadata Access rights and restrictionsAccess rights and restrictions Preservation rights and restrictionsPreservation rights and restrictions


Preservation Metadata: Preservation Metadata: PREMISPREMIS

PREMIS is:PREMIS is:– Common data model for Common data model for

organizing/thinking about preservation organizing/thinking about preservation metadatametadata

– Guidance for local implementationsGuidance for local implementations– Standard for exchanging information Standard for exchanging information

packages between repositoriespackages between repositories http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/


Preservation Metadata Includes:Preservation Metadata Includes: ProvenanceProvenance

– Who has had custody/ownership of the digital Who has had custody/ownership of the digital object?object?

Authenticity:Authenticity:– Is the digital object what it purports to be?Is the digital object what it purports to be?

Preservation Activity:Preservation Activity:– What has been done to preserve it?What has been done to preserve it?

Technical Environment:Technical Environment:– What is needed to render and use it?What is needed to render and use it?

Rights Management:Rights Management:– What IPR must be observed?What IPR must be observed?


Content

PreservationMetadata

10 years on

50 years on

Forever!

Makes digital objects self-documenting across Makes digital objects self-documenting across timetime

6Metadata Standards & Applications

PREMIS Data DictionaryPREMIS Data Dictionary PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation

Metadata version 2.0Metadata version 2.0– Detailed description of metadata elementsDetailed description of metadata elements– Introduction and supporting documentationIntroduction and supporting documentation

Guidelines to support implementation, use, Guidelines to support implementation, use, managementmanagement

– Entity Hierarchical ListingEntity Hierarchical Listing– Based on institutional experiences in managing Based on institutional experiences in managing

operational capacity for digital preservationoperational capacity for digital preservation Set of XML schema developed to support Set of XML schema developed to support

use of Data Dictionaryuse of Data Dictionary


What PREMIS is not …What PREMIS is not …

An “Out-of-the-box” solution: must be An “Out-of-the-box” solution: must be instantiated as metadata elements in repository instantiated as metadata elements in repository systemsystem

All encompassing: excludes business rules, All encompassing: excludes business rules, format-specific technical metadata, descriptive format-specific technical metadata, descriptive metadata for access, non-core preservation metadata for access, non-core preservation metadatametadata

Lifecycle management of objects outside the Lifecycle management of objects outside the repositoryrepository

A rights management solution: limited to A rights management solution: limited to permissions regarding actions taken within permissions regarding actions taken within repositoryrepository


PREMIS Data ModelPREMIS Data Model


Type of information covered in Type of information covered in PREMIS (by entity type)PREMIS (by entity type)

ObjectObject– Object IDObject ID– Preservation levelPreservation level– Object characteristics Object characteristics

(format, size, etc.)(format, size, etc.)– StorageStorage– EnvironmentEnvironment– Digital signaturesDigital signatures– RelationshipsRelationships– Linking identifiersLinking identifiers

EventEvent– Event IDEvent ID– Event typeEvent type– Event date/timeEvent date/time– Event outcomesEvent outcomes– Linking identifiersLinking identifiers

AgentAgent– Agent IDAgent ID– Agent nameAgent name

RightsRights– Rights statementRights statement– Granting AgentGranting Agent– Permission grantedPermission granted


Why is PREMIS important to Why is PREMIS important to catalogers?catalogers?

As we take responsibility for more digital As we take responsibility for more digital materials, we need to ensure that they can materials, we need to ensure that they can be used in the futurebe used in the future

Most preservation metadata will be Most preservation metadata will be generated from the object, but catalogers generated from the object, but catalogers may need to verify its accuracymay need to verify its accuracy

Catalogers will play a role in assessing and Catalogers will play a role in assessing and organizing digital materials, and will need organizing digital materials, and will need to:to:– Understand the structure of complex digital Understand the structure of complex digital

objectsobjects– Determine significant properties that need to Determine significant properties that need to

be preservedbe preserved


Technical metadata for imagesTechnical metadata for images

NISO Z39.87 andMIXNISO Z39.87 andMIX Adobe and XMPAdobe and XMP EXifEXif IPTC/XMPIPTC/XMP

Some of these deal with embedded Some of these deal with embedded metadata in imagesmetadata in images


Metadata for Images in XML (MIX)Metadata for Images in XML (MIX)

An XML Schema designed for An XML Schema designed for expressing technical metadata for expressing technical metadata for digital still imagesdigital still images

Based on the NISO Z39.87 Data Based on the NISO Z39.87 Data Dictionary – Technical Metadata for Dictionary – Technical Metadata for Digital Still ImagesDigital Still Images

Can be used standalone or as an Can be used standalone or as an extension schema with METS/PREMISextension schema with METS/PREMIS


Using MIXUsing MIX

Includes characteristics that apply to all or Includes characteristics that apply to all or most object types, e.g. size, formatmost object types, e.g. size, format

Format includes specific metadata for Format includes specific metadata for images, for example:images, for example:

Image widthImage widthColor space, color profileColor space, color profileScanner metadataScanner metadataDigital camera settingsDigital camera settings

http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/


Technical Metadata for Textual Technical Metadata for Textual Objects (textMD)Objects (textMD)

An XML Schema designed for expressing An XML Schema designed for expressing technical metadata for textual objectstechnical metadata for textual objects

Developed at New York University; Developed at New York University; maintenance transferred to Library of maintenance transferred to Library of CongressCongress

Includes format specific technical Includes format specific technical metadata for textmetadata for text– Byte orderByte order– Character set encodingCharacter set encoding– Font script … etc.Font script … etc.

http://www.loc.gov/standards/textMD/http://www.loc.gov/standards/textMD/

Metadata Standards & ApplicationsMetadata Standards & Applications 1515

Technical Metadata for Technical Metadata for Multimedia (MPEG-7)Multimedia (MPEG-7)

A multimedia content description standard, A multimedia content description standard, associated with the content itselfassociated with the content itself– Intended to allow fast and efficient searchingIntended to allow fast and efficient searching

Formally called Multimedia Content Formally called Multimedia Content Description InterfaceDescription Interface– Does not deal with the actual encoding of Does not deal with the actual encoding of

moving pictures and audio (as MPEG-1, MPEG-2 moving pictures and audio (as MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 do)and MPEG-4 do)

– intended to provide complementary intended to provide complementary functionality to the previous MPEG standardsfunctionality to the previous MPEG standards


MPEG-7: Description vs. MPEG-7: Description vs. ContentContent

Requirement that description must be Requirement that description must be separate from the audiovisual contentseparate from the audiovisual content

Uses: Uses: – Descriptor (D): a representation of a feature Descriptor (D): a representation of a feature

defined syntactically and semantically. defined syntactically and semantically. – Description Schemes (DS): Specifies the Description Schemes (DS): Specifies the

structure and semantics of the relationships structure and semantics of the relationships between its componentsbetween its components

– Description Definition Language (DDL): an Description Definition Language (DDL): an XML-based language to define the syntax rulesXML-based language to define the syntax rules


Other Technical Metadata for Audio Other Technical Metadata for Audio and Videoand Video

LC developed XML technical metadata LC developed XML technical metadata schemas for LC Audiovisual Prototype schemas for LC Audiovisual Prototype Project; these were widely implemented Project; these were widely implemented because of the lack of other schemasbecause of the lack of other schemas

Audio and video technical metadata Audio and video technical metadata schemas under development by expert schemas under development by expert organizationsorganizations

Moving Image Collections (MIC) project is Moving Image Collections (MIC) project is also experimenting with these: also experimenting with these: – http://mic.loc.gov/ http://mic.loc.gov/

For more information on LC schemas: For more information on LC schemas: – http://www.loc.gov/rr/mopic/avprot/metsmenu2.html http://www.loc.gov/rr/mopic/avprot/metsmenu2.html


Structural MetadataStructural Metadata

Supports the intended presentation, use, Supports the intended presentation, use, and navigation of an objectand navigation of an object

Binds the parts together; expresses Binds the parts together; expresses relationships between parts of a multipart relationships between parts of a multipart objectobject

Examples of structural metadata Examples of structural metadata expressions:expressions:– EAD hierarchical structureEAD hierarchical structure– METS structMapMETS structMap– PREMIS relationship elementsPREMIS relationship elements


Rights MetadataRights Metadata

Rights schemas with limited scopeRights schemas with limited scope Rights Expression Language (REL) for Rights Expression Language (REL) for

managing intellectual property rights, managing intellectual property rights, particularly by rights ownersparticularly by rights owners

Rights information is not well understoodRights information is not well understood– Different laws in different jurisdictionsDifferent laws in different jurisdictions– Machine actionable vs. human understandableMachine actionable vs. human understandable

Rights take different formsRights take different forms– Legal statutes, e.g. copyrightLegal statutes, e.g. copyright– Contractual rights, e.g. licensesContractual rights, e.g. licenses


Rights Schema ExamplesRights Schema Examples

Creative CommonsCreative Commons– Allows creators to choose a license for their Allows creators to choose a license for their

workwork– Simple rights statements that fit a lot of Simple rights statements that fit a lot of

situationssituations– http://creativecommons.org/ http://creativecommons.org/

METS RightsMETS Rights– Access rights for use with METS objectsAccess rights for use with METS objects– Rights declarationsRights declarations– Rights holderRights holder– ContextContext


More Rights Schema ExamplesMore Rights Schema Examples

PLUS for imagesPLUS for images MPEG-21 REL for multimediaMPEG-21 REL for multimedia ONIX for licensing termsONIX for licensing terms XRML/MPEG-21XRML/MPEG-21 ODRL (Open Digital Rights Language)ODRL (Open Digital Rights Language) For a fuller discussion of rights languages, see the For a fuller discussion of rights languages, see the

report written by Karen Coyle for the Library of report written by Karen Coyle for the Library of Congress:Congress:– http://www.loc.gov/standards/relreport.pdf http://www.loc.gov/standards/relreport.pdf


ExerciseExercise

Provide administrative or technical Provide administrative or technical metadata for the object used in the metadata for the object used in the descriptive metadata exercise.descriptive metadata exercise.


3. Technical and administrative metadata standards Metadata Standards and Applications.

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