3 recurring themes in 3 recurring themes in Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology

Structure and Function Structure and Function

HomeostasisHomeostasis

IntegrationIntegration

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Language of AnatomyLanguage of Anatomy

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AnatomyAnatomyPhysiologyPhysiologyAnatomical positionAnatomical position

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- Structure- Structure

- - Function Function

Sectional AnatomySectional Anatomy

Transverse (cross) planeTransverse (cross) plane Frontal (coronal) planeFrontal (coronal) plane Saggital planeSaggital plane

MidsagittalMidsagittal ParasagittalParasagittal

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Anatomical DirectionsAnatomical Directions

Distal

Proximal

Frontal plane

Posterior

AnteriorMidsagittalplane

Transverse plane

Superior

Inferior

Medial & Lateral

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Ventral

Dorsal

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Dorsal/Palmar/Plantar

Superficial/Deep

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Body CavitiesBody Cavities PurposePurpose ContainmentContainment MovementMovement

PosteriorPosterior CranialCranial VertebralVertebral

AnteriorAnterior Thoracic Thoracic AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic

• False cavitiesFalse cavities1010

Thoracic cavityThoracic cavity Pleural cavities (2)Pleural cavities (2)

• LungsLungs

MediastinumMediastinum• Pericardial cavityPericardial cavity

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Stayin’ AliveCharacteristics of Life

•Maintenance of boundaries

•Responsiveness

•Digestion

•Metabolism

•Excretion

•Growth

•Movement

•Reproduction

Survival Needs

•Water

•Nutrients

•Oxygen

•Temperature

•Pressure

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Homeostasis

All organisms must maintain a constant internal environment to function properly.- Temperature- pH- Salinity- Fluid levels

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Feedback Cycles

3 Main Components (Variable)- Receptors- Control Center- Effectors

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Negative Feedback Cycle

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Feedback cycle endswhen plug is formed.

Positive feedbackcycle is initiated.

Positivefeedbackloop

Break or tearoccurs in bloodvessel wall.

Plateletsadhere to siteand releasechemicals.

Releasedchemicalsattract moreplatelets.

Platelet plugforms.

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4

Positive Feedback

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Body Systems

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IntegumentaryIntegumentary SystemSystemConsists of: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Sebaceous GlandsConsists of: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Sebaceous Glands

External support and External support and protection of the bodyprotection of the body

Helps regulate body Helps regulate body temperaturetemperature

Contains sense organsContains sense organs

Synthesizes chemicals Synthesizes chemicals that affect the rest of the that affect the rest of the bodybody

SkeletalSkeletal SystemSystemConsists of: Bones of the Skeleton and Associated Cartilage, tendons, Consists of: Bones of the Skeleton and Associated Cartilage, tendons, ligamentsligaments

Internal support and Internal support and protection of organsprotection of organs

Produces blood cellsProduces blood cells

Stores calcium and Stores calcium and phosphorus phosphorus

Attachment point for Attachment point for muscles, assist in muscles, assist in movementmovement

MuscularMuscular SystemSystemConsists of: Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, and Smooth MusclesConsists of: Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, and Smooth Muscles

Voluntary movementVoluntary movement

Production of body HeatProduction of body Heat

Involuntary movement: Involuntary movement: beating of heart and beating of heart and movement found within movement found within internal organsinternal organs

NervousNervous SystemSystemConsists of: Brain, Spinal Cord, and NervesConsists of: Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves

Receive information Receive information from organs and from organs and external environmentexternal environment

Interprets the Interprets the information it receivesinformation it receives

Sends out responseSends out response

EndocrineEndocrine SystemSystemConsists of: Hormonal GlandsConsists of: Hormonal Glands

Produces hormones Produces hormones that helps maintain that helps maintain a constant internal a constant internal environmentenvironment

Helps maintain the Helps maintain the reproductive organsreproductive organs

CirculatoryCirculatory SystemSystemConsists of: Heart and Blood VesselsConsists of: Heart and Blood Vessels

Carries nutrients and Carries nutrients and oxygen TO all the cells oxygen TO all the cells of the bodyof the body

Carries waste products Carries waste products AWAY from all cells of AWAY from all cells of the bodythe body

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic SystemConsists of: Lymphatic Vessels, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Consists of: Lymphatic Vessels, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Red Bone MarrowRed Bone Marrow

Protects the body Protects the body from disease from disease (Immunity)(Immunity)

Absorbs fatsAbsorbs fats

Drains tissue of fluidDrains tissue of fluid

Respiratory SystemRespiratory SystemConsists of: Lungs and air tubesConsists of: Lungs and air tubes

Brings oxygen into Brings oxygen into the blood stream the blood stream and into the bodyand into the body

Removes carbon Removes carbon dioxide from the dioxide from the blood stream and blood stream and excretes it out of the excretes it out of the bodybody

Digestive SystemDigestive SystemConsists of: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine, Consists of: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine, and Other Accessory Organsand Other Accessory Organs

Receives foodReceives food

Processes food and Processes food and extracts nutrientsextracts nutrients

Delivers nutrients to Delivers nutrients to blood stream for blood stream for distributiondistribution

Removes solid waste Removes solid waste productsproducts

Urinary Urinary (Excretory)(Excretory) System SystemConsists of: Kidneys, Bladder, and Conducting TubesConsists of: Kidneys, Bladder, and Conducting Tubes

Maintains volume and Maintains volume and chemical composition chemical composition of bloodof blood

Removes nitrogen Removes nitrogen waste from blood waste from blood

Excretes waste from Excretes waste from the bodythe body

Reproductive SystemReproductive SystemConsists of: Male and Female Sex OrgansConsists of: Male and Female Sex Organs

Produces and maintains the Produces and maintains the sex cells (sperm and eggs)sex cells (sperm and eggs)

Transfer of sperm to female Transfer of sperm to female system where development system where development occursoccurs

Producing the hormones that Producing the hormones that maintain proper fetal maintain proper fetal developmentdevelopment