3rd Quarter Assessment Review

Mitosis and Meiosis

Diploid Cell

• 2 other names: Body Cell and Somatic Cell

• Made during Mitosis

• 2 exact daughter cells / diploid cells are made

Haploid Cell

• 2 other names: Gamete and Sex Cell

• Made during Meiosis

• 4 haploids are created

Cell Cycle

• 2 parts of the Cell Cycle• Interphase and “M” phase

• The “M” phase s are-----Mitosis and Meiosis

Cell Cycle

• 2 parts of the Cell Cycle• Interphase and “M” phase

• The “M” phase s are-----Mitosis and Meiosis

Interphase

• G 1 stage ---cell grows so they can perform their jobs

• Chromosomes are replicated/doubled or DNA replication takes place in the S Stage of Interphase

• Replicated DNA/Chromosomes----EXACT copies are called Sister Chromatids

Mitosis

• Cells go through because:• Replace• Repair• Growth• Asexual Reproduction

• Know what happens in each and what they look like---Mitosis notes

Meiosis

• Cells go through because:• Sexual Reproduction• To create haploid cells/gametes/sex cells for reproduction• Know what each phase look like---Meiosis notes• There are 8 Total phases: PI, MI, AI, TI, PII, MII, AII, and TII

Organism with 32 chromosomes

• BI----32• EI---64• P---64• M—64• A---64• T—32/32

DNA and RNA

DNA Nucleotide

• 1. Phosphate Molecule• 2. Deoxyribose---Sugar• 3. Nitrogen Base---Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, or Guanine

Difference Between DNA and RNA

• DNA RNA• 2 stranded 1 Stranded

DNA Replication•Where? Nucleus•When? During the S stage of Interphase•Why? To copy the organisms entire genome/chromosome• How?• 1. Helicase (1 of 2 enzymes) breaks HYDROGEN bonds

between nitrogen bases• 2. New DNA nucleotides fill in next to the exposed DNA

nucleotides• 3. DNA Polymerase (2 of 2 enzymes) finish the process

Protein Synthesis

•Where? Ribosome

•2 processes---Transcription and Translation

• To find an amino acid…look up CODON

• Example CCC codon = PROLINE

Transcription—What? Making of mRNA from DNA

•Where? Nucleus•Why? To make the template for a Protein• How?• 1. RNA Polymerase breaks HYDROGEN bonds between

nitrogen bases of the DNA molecule• 2. An RNA nucleotides NOW fills in next to ONE of the exposed

DNA nucleotides creating a strand of Messenger/mRNA and continues this process until it reaches a STOP CODON…• 3. mRNA releases from DNA to head to the ribosome to be

read (Translated/Translation) into a protein• 4. DNA zips back up….