3 rd Declension Nouns (Lesson 40)

3rd Declension Nouns(Lesson 40)

Latin IFeb. 24-28, 2014

Third Declension Nouns!

• Latin has 5 declensions of nouns.• Declensions are groups of nouns which share

the same endings.

3rd declension nouns• Third declension is the largest declension of

nouns!• Third declension includes masculine, feminine,

and neuter nouns, plus a sub-group called “i-stem nouns.”

• Both masculine and feminine 3rd declension nouns use the same chart.

3rd declension nouns

• Third declension nouns are identified by the –is ending in the genitive singular.pax, pacis (f.)lex, legis (f.)salus, salutis (f.)dux, ducis (m.)

-is

Nominative*

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Singular Plural

----is-i-em-e

-ēs-um-ibus-ēs-ibus

3rd Declension Endings

* There are several nominative endings, so they’re notlisted on the chart. Whatever the first form of the word isin your vocabulary list…that’s the nominative.

Step 1 – Find the noun stemThe noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.

Dictionary entry of a noun:

pax, pacis, f. peace

Nominativesingular

Genitive singular

Gender Meaning

pacis – is = pac

Noun Stem

OFTEN THE STEMHAS A DIFFERENT SPELLING

THAN THE NOMINATIVE!

Let’s Find Stems for 3rd Declension!

• dux, ducis• homo, hominis• lex, legis• miles, militis• pax, pacis• salus, salutis

• duc-• homin-• leg-• milit-• pac-• salut-

Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem.

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Singular Plural

duxduc

duc

duc

duc

ducduc

duc

duc

duc

e

em es

um

ibus

es

ibus

dux, ducis (m.)

i

is

Note that thelovely nominative form will appear once on the chart, then disappear…like a briefly-lived bug.

Your Turn!

• Decline any 1 of your third declension vocabulary nouns on the whiteboard.

Nouns and Adjectives

• The adjectives you have learned thus far are called “1st/2nd declension adjectives”

• bonus, bona, bonum• Therefore, they do not use 3rd

declension endings!

bonus, bona, bonum

Nom. bona bonaeGen. bonae bonarumDat. bonae bonisAcc. bonam bonasAbl. bonā bonis

Nom. bonum bonaGen. boni bonorumDat. bono bonisAcc. bonum bonaAbl. bono bonis

Nom. bonus boniGen. boni bonorumDat. bono bonisAcc. bonum bonosAbl. bono bonis

Masculine forms use 2nd declension endings.

Feminine forms use 1st declension endings.

Neuter forms use 2nd declension neuter endings.


• But what if you need to use a 1st/2nd declension adjective to describe a 3rd declension noun?!?!


• Remember our old abbreviation G-N-C?• Nouns and adjectives agree in gender,

number, and case.• They DO NOT have to agree in declension!• This means: often nouns and adjectives have

endings that AGREE but AREN’T SPELLED the same way.


• Let’s say we want to decline the pair of words “a good law.”

• lex, legis (f.)---law• bonus, BONA, bonum---good• So, a good law is a “lex bona”• Let’s see what it looks like…

Lex Bona

Nom. lex bona leges bonaeGen. legis bonae legum

bonarumDat. legi bonae legibus bonisAcc. legem bonam leges bonasAbl. lege bonā legibus bonis

Singular Plural

Your Turn!

• Decline “arbor magna” on a single chart on the whiteboard.

• Decline “dux bonus” on a single chart on the whiteboard. “Dux” is masculine so “bonus” is masculine---use 2nd declension endings on “bonus.”

3rd Declension Practice!Worksheet Answers

• ducem: acc. sg.• militis: gen. sg.• regum: gen. pl.• matribus: dat./abl. pl.• arbores: nom./acc. pl.• patri: dat. sg.• lege: abl. pl.

• 1. B• 2. A• 3. B• 4. C• 5. C• 6. A, B


• Nominative• Genitive• Dative• Accusative• Ablative

• 1. B• 2. A• 3. B• 4. C• 5. C• 6. A, B


Equi militum sunt magni.

Equi: nom. pl. subjectMilitum: gen. pl. “of”

The horses of the soldiers are big.


Rex reginam amat.

Rex: nom. sg., subjectReginam: acc. sg., direct object

The king loves the queen.


Pater agricolas docebit.

Pater: nom. Sg., subjectAgricolas: acc. Pl., direct object

Father will teach the farmers.


Equus ducis puellam terret.

Equus: nom. Sg., subjectDucis: gen. sg., “of”Puellam: acc. Sg., direct object

The horse of the leader frightens the girl.


Milites gladiis nautas pugnabunt.

Milites: nom. Pl., subjectGladiis: abl. Pl., “by means of”Nautas: acc. Pl., direct object

The soldiers will fight the sailors by means of swords (with swords).


Puellae arbores magnas amant.

Puellae: nom. Pl., subjectArbores: acc. Pl., direct object

The girls like/love the big trees.


Regina fratribus pecuniam donabat.

Regina: nom. Sg., subjectFratribus: dat. Pl, indirect object “to/for”Pecuniam: acc. Sg., direct object

The queen gave/was giving money to the brothers.


Agricola militibus viam longam monstrat.

Agricola: nom. Sg., subjectMilitibus: dat. Pl., indirect object “to/for”Viam: acc. Sg., direct object

The farmer shows the long road to the soldiers.


Cibus agricolae regem non servabit.

Cibus: nom., sg., subjectAgricolae: gen. sg., “of”Regem: acc. Sg., direct object.

The food of the farmer will not save the king.


Dux regi victoriam militum nuntiat.

Dux: nom. Sg., subjectRegi: dat. Sg., indirect object “to/for”Victoriam: acc., sg., direct objectMilitum: gen. pl., “of”

The leader announces the victory of the soldiers to the king.

3 rd Declension Nouns (Lesson 40)

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