3 Floods at Hadhramaut- The Solution

7/27/2019 3 Floods at Hadhramaut- The Solution

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BEYOND REBUILDING

THE MUD HOUSES


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DAMAGE TO THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

According to the findings of governmental damage-assessment committees, agricultural losses inHadramout have reached around YR 67 billion. Floods have swept up to 6,955 acres of agriculturalland, killed livestock, destroyed beehives and damaged agricultural equipment. The price of honey

is expected to double and grain production in both governorates is expected to be low this year. Thegovernment plans to boost grain and wheat cultivation in other governorates to make up for the loss.

In Maharah, not only have farms been washed away, but fishermen have also lost their livelihoodswith almost 95 fishing boats and fishing equipment belonging to over 450 people lost in the floods,according to a report by the European Commissions Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

(OCHA). The government has estimated losses in all sectors in Maharah have been estimated toreach YR 13.7 billion.

EXTEND OF DAMAGE

Director of Ministry of Public Health andPopulations office in Hadramout Coast Al-Abd Ba-Mousa told the Yemen Times that there are fears of

the poliomyelitis virus, more commonly known asinfantile paralysis or polio, spreading because of theextent of stagnant water and destroyedinfrastructure in most districts of the governorate.

In its aftermath the floods left 98 people dead andthousands displaced with children and women

facing the high risk of water borne diseases andexposure to the ravages of harsh winter weather.

Around 3,264 households were destroyed.Therewere 25,000 displaced people in Hadramout, halfof whom were women and children


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The initial assessment by the government committee set in coordination with local

authorities in the Hadramout and Al-Maharah provinces and according to the UNHCRreports as follows:

1. 86 Death And 85 Missing people

2. 3,441 Homes damaged in Hadramout and 711 homes damaged in Al-Maharah

3. 20,000 People Displaced

4. 23 Vehicles washed away

5. 45 Fishing Boat missing

6. 5,000 Acres Of Agriculture Lands (Farms) destroyed

7. 115 Water Systems destroyed

8. 750KM Agricultural Channels demolished

9. 450 Waterholes flooded

10. 450 Water pumps washed away

11. 130,000 Palm trees destroyed12. 7,000 Animals were killed

13. 181 Schools destroyed

14. 70%Telecommunications Cables destroyed

15. 1,000 Beehives

EXTEND OF DAMAGE


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distributing relief items such as food, providing temporaryshelter, tents, mattresses, blankets, mosquito nets, water

tanks, hygiene kits, measles and polio vaccination boostdisease, construction of earthworks embankments andgabion protection to train flows within the Wadi bed, andprevent erosion of valuable agricultural land; and thereconstruction and other measures to improve conditionsat canal heads.

SHORT TERM SOLUTION

1. Generators2. Food Supplies3. Mobile Clinics4. Water Suction Machine5. Sprayers/ sprinklers of epidemics

6. Equipments to spray anti-malaria7. Doctors to provide treatment in affected areas8. Medical supplies and Masks9. Tents, Blankets and Beds10. Basic cutleries and cooking utensils11. Ambulances12. Clothes

The assistance needed urgently in the areaidentified by the government is as follows:


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BROAD SCOPE IN SURMOUNTING PREDICAMENTS

1 (UNICEF) to rebuild and equipped the schools

to be able to receive the students

2. INTERNATIONAL HEATH ORGANIZATIONS to:

a. Provide medicinesb. Sprays to prevent the spread of diseasec. Some medical teams if needed

3. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS to:

a. Help rebuild and maintenance of irrigation systemsb. Restore the agricultural land which has been destroyed

4. INTERNATIONAL FOOD ORGANIZATIONScould aid in providing food supplies

5. Visible STUDIES TO REBUILD THE INFRASTRUCTUREAND HOMES DESTROYED

6. STUDIES TO REBUILD THE BRIDGE THAT HAS BEENDESTROYED


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A massive inventory is needed to track landproperty owners and their records and verifythose affected to entitlement to partial or fullhomeless financial assistance

Almost all the owners who had lost their homeswould not be able to finance reconstructionwork

INDIVIDUAL S TREPIDATION


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EDUCATIONAL IMPEDIMENT

About 180 schools were damaged by the floods,grounding education to a halt and leaving thousands ofstudents idle, according to the UN Childrens Fund

(UNICEF) office in Yemen. The problem is compoundedby the fact that hundreds of families have taken refuge

in 45 schools.

The head of Mukalla Education Office said it had beendecided to close schools until a team assessed thedamage. Seventy percent of the 42 schools in Mukalla,Hadramouts biggest district in which about 50,000

students are enrolled, were damaged, he said. Therewere 20,000 to 25,000 displaced people in Hadramout,

half of whom were women and children.


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MOVING FORWARD

It is feasible to rebuild damaged structures.It calls for minimized bureaucracy headedby a dynamic management team andbacked by dedicated experiencedprofessional and construction groups

The calamity unfolds rare opportunity torevitalize the local economy and enhancesocial and environmental issues

It made it possible to realizenew strategies on redevelopment

Building on new empty land in lieu ofexisting property may proof to be cheaperand faster. However it should not be astand alone project.


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typical urban conurbation


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LONG TERM SOLUTION

INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadramaut.JPG


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THE BROAD STRATEGY


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apart from immediate reconstruction work, buildnew dedicated housing settlements integratedwith agricultural, commercial and industrialsectors to make it as a self contained economicentity

It should be planned with adequate affordablehousing and supporting social amenities.

The new settlement would also accommodate for

the social and economic need for the growingpopulation

BUILD NEW SETTLEMENTS


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INITIAL IMPLEMETATION OUTLOOK

EMPOWERED LOCAL AGENCYand

INTEGRATED PROFESSIONAL TEAM

affordablehousing &

infrastructure

water & soilresource

management

urbanfood production

social &economicsustenance

humanresourcestraining


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THE PROCESS

SET UPCENTRAL

OPERATION

director

architectengineers

surveyors

legal official

project brief

financial

allocation

EVALUATION

maps

classification-damages &

population

records

relief aid

category

ALTERNATIVESITE

surveys on

geologicalhydrological

soil

services on

water

electrical

telecom

sewerage

wastetransportation

PLANNING

population

projectionsocial

services

economic

activities

affordable

housing

detailed

design

EXECUTION

finance

consultantsturn-key contracts

turn key contractors

contracts

contractors

sub-contractors

suppliers

bid packages

tender awardmonitor progress work

monitor cash flow

commissioning

finalize account/contract


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HOUSING

PORC

H

BEDROO

M

KITCHE

N

LIVIN

G

DININ

G

lawn

yard

BEDROO

M

BEDROO

M

PORC

H

BEDROO

M

KITCHE

N

LIVIN

G

DININ

G

lawn

yard

Phase 1 - 52.7 sq m. Phase 2 add 31.5 sq m

Building 10 x 9 m Lot size 10 x 20 m

55 sq m729 & 788 sq m, corner 1045 sq m

DETERMINE THE FOLLOWINGS

Number , types and standards of housing unitsincluding self help core housing (a small livingspace that the owner can expand on incremental

basis-vertically or horizontally)

Standards have to be modest in accordance withaffordability and needs of target groups

Allow for additional houses for others to buy

Allow for expansion area


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Cluster home concept - self contained community

Modular planning concept

Introducing new construction techniques

(including traditional)

IBS Industrial Building System

Utilization waste recycling

Provision of mandatory maintenance management

Study in planning a contemporary neighborhoodversus present subdivision practices by

Ahmed Farid Moustapha


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a lightweight plastic injection moulded formwork system, brandedas moladi, and a South African Bureau of Standards approvedlightweight aerated mortar (concrete with no stone), a cast in situmonolithic (one piece) reinforced walling system is created. Theresult is a fast track and cost effective formwork constructiontechnology.

FAST TRACK CONSTRUCTION EXAMPLE

fill formwork

re-use and repeat process
http://moladi.com/images/low-cost-housing.jpg


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INTEGRATEAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

WITHIN THE SETTLEMENT

prioritized agricultural production on theneed for food within the settlement itself

symbiotic support on food undersupplyfrom neighboring settlements. Grain andwheat cultivation had been identified

set up crash crop production afterensuring the local regional need is met


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URBAN FOOD PRODUCTION

It was hard to find a house in the camps or villages without a place forraising animals, such as: hens, rabbits, pigeons, ducks, sheep, goats

and sometimes cows.Domestic animal-raising remained significant in Gaza in the periodbetween the two intifadas and till now : more than 30,000 rabbits, 50,000pigeons, 20,000 ducks/geese and 5,000 turkeys. 570 farms of meatchicken and 120 farms of egg chicken were registered in Gaza. 60 % ofthese farms were located within residential areas . An estimated 5000sheep and goats were also raised, of which 2,500 inside homes or innearby gardens, with the remaining 2,500 owned by Bedouins with an

average of 10-15 units per family. There were 2,500 milk cows, of which70 % are raised by families who own 5 cows or less; only 10 %belonged to farms/families who own 20 or more units.

THE GAZA FARMERS


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In 1993, PARC set up a women's unit that offered extension services and training innutrition, bee-keeping, gardening, and food processing. Shortly afterwards, PARCalso set up a Women's Revolving Fund, which extended loans of between $2,000and $5,000 for plant and animal production. Grassroots International supports agroup of 'women's clubs' in the Jericho area, which PARC uses to train women in arange of small-scale economic and agricultural activities.

The farmers grew vegetables on their land during the first two years while the newtrees and vines were maturing. Last summer, the trees produced their first crop --over a ton of apples, almonds, peaches, apricots, and grapes.

PARC has put up $45,000 to build a water filtration plant that will turn liquid sewage into water for irrigation. Thiswill enable fifteen families to water their land. The project will also provide employment, because PARC has alsohired villagers to build an access road to the plant. The road will open isolated land beyond the village

One way is through cooperatives. Under a scheme supported by PARC, farmers from the area bring olive oil toa cooperative in Ramallah, where it is weighed and bottled for export to Europe.

This is one more reminder that self-sufficiency on its own is not enough. Unless it is part of a well-planned social movement, with goals, resources, training, community participation, and expertassistance,

PARC (Palestine Agricultural Relief Committees) was set up by four agronomists in 1983. Within ten years PARCgrew from a community-based popular organization to a professional service provider. By 1993 the organization

had a salaried staff of almost 250 and was providing over half the agricultural extension services in the territories.

EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT


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SANA'A, Nov. 9 A seminar on the hazards ofusing sewage water to irrigate cropswas held on Thursday in Taiz during the Al-Saeed Forum for Sciences and Culture.

Chaired by Professor Abdulrahman Al-Zubairi, chairman of the department ofMicrobiology in the Faculty of Sciences at Taiz University, the seminar stressed theimportance of immediate attention to the fact that a shortage of water resources hasprompted many Yemeni farmers to resort to use sewage water to irrigate their farms.

Al-Zubairi explains, "The shortage of water is the result of both the increasing rate ofpopulation growth and irresponsible irrigation. Only seven percent of undergroundwater is consumed by the population, while 93 percent is used for irrigating crops,

especially qat."

The total amount of water used annually is 3.5 billion cubic meters of which 93 percentis used in agriculture, 6 percent in households and 1 percent by industry. According tothe Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, the renewed fresh water is 2.5 billion cubicmeters per year creating a gap between used water and renewed fresh water of onebillion cubic meters a year.

As a result of the using sewage in irrigation, many diseases prevail among Yemenis.

"Parasite worms like scares, namibia, cardiae and dysentery are rampant. In addition,infectious diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, and viral diseases like the liver virushave spread due to the pollution of vegetables. Sewage water is usually full of nitratesalts, which cause stomach ache and even cancer," Al-Zubairi explained.

"Sewage could be used in a suitable way. We have to learn from developed countriesto use sewage to irrigate forests and parks" said Al-Zubairi. He adds that drying outsewage water and turning it into fertilizer allows it to become less hazardous and isbetter than using it directly for irrigation.

WATER OUR MOST PRECIOUS COMMODITY

www.pbs.org
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/images/medium/jan-june08/irrigate_2-11_lg.jpg


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SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION

an olive grove

select crops most suitable for its area such as dates,olives and vegetables

reuse water from new settlements for agriculture

through man-made ponds and wetlands, designed soilfilters, storm water treatment and also sludge filtration plants


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adopt drip and sprinkler irrigation systemfor agriculture.

Water is applied to each plant through one or more emitters

and/or microsprayers located at, or just above, ground level

(up to 300 mm above). The system suits areas of high

temperatures and limited water resources. This system allows

for the accurate application of water with minimal loss due to

evaporation, poor distribution and seepage, or over-watering.

SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION


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DRIP IRRIGATION

Water is applied to each plant through one or more emitters and/ormicro sprayers located at, or just above, ground level (up to 300 mm

above). The system suits areas of high temperatures and limitedwater resources. This system allows for the accurate application ofwater with minimal loss due to evaporation, poor distribution andseepage, or over-watering. Due to the small diameter of the emitteropenings, filtration of the water is normally required to reducepotential blockages in these systems


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A SOFT REMINDER ON

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

WITHIN THE NEW SETTLEMENT

According to WHO reports, Qat production seriously damagesthe already weak Yemeni economy. Many farmers replace coffeeand other useful crops with Qat trees as they yield far largerprofits. More than 90,000 Qat trees were planted on Yemenifarms during the 30 years from 1970 to 2000, the report said. It isalso found that about 60 percent of areas that could be used togrow cash crops are being used to cultivate Qat, which

consumes huge quantities of Yemens already limitedunderground water.

It is estimated that 40 PERCENT OF THE COUNTRYS WATERSUPPLY IS USED TO IRRIGATE QAT CROPS, and productionincreases by 10 to 15 percent every year. Water consumption isso high that groundwater levels in the Sanaa basin are

diminishing, and the reservoir is expected to run dry in just over10 years.

The water table in Sanaa City has dropped by 20 meters in lessthan 20 years. This is an alarming indication that Sanaa Citycould encounter a serious shortage of water in coming 20 years.The primary consumers of water in the area are qat plantations.


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An in-depth analysis needs to be made for selecting the right

type of waste management. Using thermal treatment plant fromJapan is expensive and needs high level monitoring. However itensures safety of aquifers. Alternatively, there is also the optionin adopting the integrated waste-to-energy (WtE) incineratorSanitary Land filling method is by far cheaper but it needsextensive land area

WASTE MANAGEMENT

sanitary land filling


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reconstruction work generates immediate demand

for skilled & semi skilled workers. Need to providecrash vocational training in general constructionwork and apprenticeships on other trades whichcould be provided by mualims, sub-contractorsand suppliers.

establish community vocational schools

HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING PROGRAMS


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the calamity creates large number of poor povertystricken individuals in need to earn basic livingincome. Their needs are prolific such as on land,capital, tools, equipments, fertilisers, cooperatives

and supporting advisory bodies.

Some would need medical care and being able toborrow support equipments.

Establishing a zakat endowment fund body wouldcertainly facilitates the need in an organized

manner and would attract contributions from theinternational communities

ESTABLISH

ZAKAT ENDOWMENT FUND


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INTEGRATE

COTTAGE, S & M SCALE ENTERPRISES

there is in need to have a blueprint on shortand long term basis for local cottage and light

manufacturing activities.

Training and extending loan facilities topurchase light machineries to improveproduction is essential. Targeted activitiescould include handicrafts, apparel and foodprocessing and agricultural based endeavorsfor example such as for bee keeping and

poultry farming

cot tage indust ryis an industry primarilymanufacturing

which includes many producers, working from theirhomes,

typicallypart time. The term originally referred to home workers

who were engaged in a task such as sewing, lace-makingor

household manufacturing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Household_manufacturing&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Household_manufacturing&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace-makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry


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STARTING THE SETTLEMENTTHE IMPETUS

Each settlement could be planned as a dedicatedsmall township. Assuming there is requirement to buildhealth and educational facilities, these could becomethe initial development nodes needing human resourcetraining in construction and supporting staff. Additionalhousing is needed for these staff apart from allocationfor displaced residents. There is the need to provideschools and local commercial centre and nearby areafor cottage and small industry activities. Urban foodproduction should be dovetailed into the scheme.

conserve soil through the greening of the land withsound soil management practice. Apply the basicdictum of reduce, recycle, reuse and recover on

water utilisation and select the right type of wastemanagement system


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Resolving critical housing need for the displaced residents and

allow plan for the growing population including those serving theneighborhood

maintain population density control to match manpowerrequirement, housing and community facilities

Supplement income through cottage industry and urban foodproduction

Extensive human resources training programs

Plan self-contained neighbourhood with adequate communalfacilities and locate the neighbourhood school within walking

distance reachable safely from homes

preserving quality of air, water and land use and maximise reusewater utilisation for agricultural purposes

THE STRATEGIES


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proposed development at thibi-terim


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The forlorn look at losing everything

3 Floods at Hadhramaut- The Solution

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