3 Chapter 3 TYPES OF:. Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring...
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Transcript of 3 Chapter 3 TYPES OF:. Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring...
![Page 1: 3 Chapter 3 TYPES OF:. Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as a part of our planet. Types of Rocks.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e375503460f94b27825/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter
33 TYPES OF:
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Rocks
Rocks
Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as a part of our planet.
Types of Rocks
• The 3 kinds of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
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Igneous Rocks
• formed by the crystallization of molten magma or lava.
• Magma is molten material deep beneath the Earth’s surface
• Lava is molten material above the surface
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Types of Igneous Rocks
1. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
2. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when lava hardens (above the Earth’s surface).
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1. Texture
Igneous rocks can be classified based on their composition and texture.
• Coarse-grained texture is caused by slow cooling resulting in larger crystals.
• Fine-grained texture is caused by rapid cooling resulting in smaller, interconnected mineral grains.
How Igneous Rocks are Classified
• Glassy texture is caused by very rapid cooling.
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Course-Grained Igneous Texture
Granite
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Fine-Grained Igneous Texture
Rhyolite
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Obsidian Exhibits a Glassy Texture.
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2. Composition• What the rock is made of, based on the
amounts of light and dark minerals in the rock.
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Porphyritic Igneous Texture
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Basalt
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Classification of Igneous Rocks
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
• Erosion involves the weathering and the removal of rock.
• Deposition occurs when an agent of erosion—water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses energy and drops sediments.
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Sedimentary Rock Formation
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• Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments.
• Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments.
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3 Types of Sedimentary Rock
• Clastic – composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals– Classified by particle size– Ex: Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate, Grand
canyon & the wave in Arizona
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Shale with Plant Fossils
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Sandstone
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Conglomerate
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The Wave, Page, AZ
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Grand Canyon, Arizona
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• Chemical – When minerals dissolve out of water– Ex: limestone (caves), coal, rock salt
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Fossiliferous Limestone
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Carlsbad Caverns, NM
Stalactites
Stalagmites
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• Organic – Formed by fossils or organic matter within the rock layers
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Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
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Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphism means “to change form.”
Igneous and sedimentary rocks change at elevated temperatures and pressures deep within the Earth or during mountain building
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Agents of Metamorphism
Heat
Pressure
• Provides the energy needed to drive chemical reactions
• Causes a more compact rock with greater density
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Origin of Pressure in Metamorphism
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• Hot water-based solutions escaping from magma
• Dissolves original minerals and then deposits new ones
Hydrothermal Solutions
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Classifying Metamorphic Rocks
1. Foliated Metamorphic Rock
2. Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
Two main categories
• Has a banded or layered appearance
• Does not have a banded texture
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Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
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Gneiss Typically Displays a Banded Appearance
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Marble—A Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
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IGNEOUS ROCKS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Fill in the following table using your textbook (pgs. 71-84)