3. Basics Of Control Components.pdf
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Basics of Control Components
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Transcript of 3. Basics Of Control Components.pdf
-
Ba
sics
of
Co
ntr
ol
Co
mp
on
en
ts
-
Table
of
Conte
nts
Intr
oduction
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...2
Ele
ctr
ical S
ym
bols
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
..6
Lin
e D
iagra
ms
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..1
6
Overload P
rote
ction
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
22
Overload R
ela
ys
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
...2
6
Manual C
ontr
ol.
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..3
5
Magnetic C
onta
cto
rs a
nd S
tart
ers
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
41
Conta
cto
r and S
tart
er
Ratings
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
..4
7
Cla
ss 1
4 N
EM
A S
tart
ers
with B
imeta
l O
verload R
ela
ys..
....
...5
0
Cla
ss 1
4 E
SP
100 S
tart
ers
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
51
SIR
IUS
Type 3
R S
tart
ers
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
52
Multi-S
peed S
tart
ers
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...5
5
Revers
ing S
tart
ers
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
58
Reduced-V
oltage S
tart
ing..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.60
SIR
IUS
Soft
Sta
rters
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...6
5
Lig
hting a
nd H
eating C
onta
cto
rs..
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
67
Pilo
t D
evic
es..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...7
0
Contr
ol T
ransfo
rmers
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..8
1
Contr
ol R
ela
ys
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..8
2
Solid
-Sta
te S
witchin
g D
evic
es..
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
88
Monitoring R
ela
ys..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
...9
0
Tim
e R
ela
ys..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
91
Term
inal B
locks a
nd S
upple
menta
ry P
rote
cto
rs..
....
....
....
....
...9
6
LO
GO
! Logic
Module
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
98
Fastb
us B
usbar A
dapte
r S
yste
m..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
10
0
Revie
w A
nsw
ers
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
.10
3
Fin
al E
xam
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
......
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..10
4
1
-
In
tro
du
ctio
n
Welc
om
e t
o a
noth
er
cours
e in t
he S
TE
P s
eries,
Sie
mens
Technic
alE
ducation
Pro
gra
m,
desig
ned t
o p
repare
our
dis
trib
uto
rs t
o s
ell
Sie
mens E
nerg
y &
Auto
mation p
roducts
more
effectively
. T
his
cours
e c
overs
Basic
s o
f C
on
tro
l C
om
po
nen
ts
and r
ela
ted p
roducts
.
Upon c
om
ple
tion o
f B
asic
s o
f C
ontr
ol C
om
ponents
you w
ill b
e
able
to:
S
tate
the p
urp
ose a
nd g
enera
l princip
les o
f contr
ol
com
ponents
and c
ircuits
S
tate
the d
iffe
rence b
etw
een m
anual and a
uto
matic c
ontr
ol
opera
tion
Id
entify
various s
ym
bols
whic
h r
epre
sent
contr
ol
com
ponents
R
ead a
basic
lin
e d
iagra
m
D
escribe t
he c
onstr
uction a
nd o
pera
ting p
rincip
les o
f
manual sta
rters
D
escribe t
he c
onstr
uction a
nd o
pera
ting p
rincip
les o
f
magnetic c
onta
cto
rs a
nd m
agnetic m
oto
r sta
rters
Id
entify
various m
anual sta
rters
and m
agnetic m
oto
r
sta
rters
, and d
escribe t
heir o
pera
tion in a
contr
ol circuit
E
xpla
in t
he n
eed f
or
moto
r overload p
rote
ction
S
tate
the n
eed f
or
reduced-v
oltage m
oto
r sta
rtin
g
D
escribe t
ypic
al m
oto
r sta
rtin
g m
eth
ods
2
-
qu
ickS
TE
P O
nlin
e C
ou
rse
s
quic
kS
TE
P o
nlin
e c
ours
es a
re a
vaila
ble
at
htt
p:/
/ww
w.s
ea.s
iem
ens.c
om
/ste
p.
The q
uic
kS
TE
P t
rain
ing s
ite is d
ivid
ed into
thre
e s
ections:
Cours
es,
Dow
nlo
ads,
and a
Glo
ssary
. O
nlin
e c
ours
es
inclu
de r
evie
ws,
a fi
nal exam
, th
e a
bili
ty t
o p
rint
a c
ert
ificate
of
com
ple
tion,
and t
he o
pport
unity t
o r
egis
ter
in t
he S
ale
s
& D
istr
ibuto
r tr
ain
ing d
ata
base t
o m
ain
tain
a r
ecord
of
your
accom
plis
hm
ents
.
Fro
m t
his
site t
he c
om
ple
te t
ext
of
all
ST
EP
cours
es c
an b
e
dow
nlo
aded in P
DF
form
at.
These fi
les c
onta
in t
he m
ost
recent
changes a
nd u
pdate
s t
o t
he S
TE
P c
ours
es.
A u
niq
ue f
eatu
re o
f th
e q
uic
kS
TE
P s
ite is o
ur
pic
torial glo
ssary
.
The p
icto
rial glo
ssary
can b
e a
ccessed f
rom
anyw
here
within
a q
uic
kS
TE
P c
ours
e. T
his
enable
s t
he s
tudent
to look u
p a
n
unfa
mili
ar
word
without
leavin
g t
he c
urr
ent
work
are
a.
108
D
escribe t
he c
onstr
uction a
nd o
pera
ting p
rin
cip
les o
f
lighting a
nd h
eating c
onta
cto
rs
D
escribe t
he o
pera
ting p
rincip
les o
f contr
ol re
lays
This
know
ledge w
ill h
elp
you b
ett
er
unders
tand c
usto
mer
applic
ations.
In a
dditio
n,
you w
ill b
e b
ett
er
able
to d
escribe
pro
ducts
to c
usto
mers
and d
ete
rmin
e im
port
ant
diffe
rences
betw
een p
roducts
. Y
ou s
hould
com
ple
te B
asic
s o
f E
lectr
icit
y
befo
re a
ttem
pting B
asic
s o
f C
on
tro
l C
om
po
nen
ts. A
n
unders
tandin
g o
f m
any o
f th
e c
oncepts
covere
d in B
asic
s o
f
Ele
ctr
icit
y is r
equired f
or
Basic
s o
f C
on
tro
l C
om
po
nen
ts.
If y
ou a
re a
n e
mplo
yee o
f a S
iem
ens E
nerg
y &
Auto
mation
auth
orized d
istr
ibuto
r, fi
ll out
the fi
nal exam
tear-
out
card
and
mail
in t
he c
ard
. W
e w
ill m
ail
you a
cert
ificate
of
com
ple
tion if
you s
core
a p
assin
g g
rade.
Good luck w
ith y
our
effort
s.
Underw
rite
rs L
abora
tories I
nc.
is a
regis
tere
d t
radem
ark
of
Underw
rite
rs L
abora
tories I
nc.,
Nort
hbro
ok,
IL 6
0062. T
he
abbre
via
tion
UL
shall
be u
nders
tood t
o m
ean U
nderw
rite
rs
Labora
tories I
nc.
3
-
Co
ntro
l C
irc
uits
Co
ntr
ol
Co
ntr
ol, a
s a
pplie
d t
o c
ontr
ol circuits,
is a
bro
ad t
erm
that
means a
nyth
ing f
rom
a s
imple
toggle
sw
itch t
o a
com
ple
x
syste
m o
f com
ponents
(w
hic
h m
ay inclu
de r
ela
ys,
conta
cto
rs,
tim
ers
, sw
itches,
and indic
ating lig
hts
). E
very
ele
ctr
ical circuit
for
light
or
pow
er
has c
ontr
ol ele
ments
. O
ne e
xam
ple
of
a
sim
ple
contr
ol circuit is a
lig
ht
sw
itch t
hat
is u
sed t
o t
urn
lig
hts
on a
nd o
ff.
Of
cours
e,
there
are
many o
ther
devic
es a
nd e
quip
ment
syste
ms in industr
ial applic
ations.
Moto
r contr
ol, f
or
exam
ple
,
can b
e u
sed t
o s
tart
and s
top a
moto
r and t
o p
rote
ct
the m
oto
r,
associa
ted m
achin
ery
, and p
ers
onnel. I
n a
dditio
n,
moto
r
contr
olle
rs m
ight
als
o b
e u
sed f
or
revers
ing,
changin
g s
peed,
joggin
g,
sequencin
g,
and p
ilot-
light
indic
ation.
Contr
ol circuits
can b
e c
om
ple
x,
accom
plis
hin
g h
igh d
egre
es o
f auto
matic,
pre
cis
e m
achin
e o
pera
tion.
4
19.
In t
he f
ollo
win
g d
iagra
m,
the m
oto
r w
ill s
top w
hen
____________
.
a.
the
Sto
p
butt
on is d
epre
ssed
b.
limit s
witch
LS
1
opens
c.
the m
oto
r overload c
onta
ct
opens
d.
all
of
the a
bove
20.
__________
solid
-sta
te c
onta
cto
rs a
re m
ade u
p o
f a
solid
-sta
te r
ela
y a
nd a
n o
ptim
ized h
eat
sin
k.
a.
SIR
IUS
3U
G
b.
SIR
IUS
3R
H11
c.
SIR
IUS
SC
d.
SIR
IUS
3R
W40
107
-
12.
A d
evic
e u
sed t
o p
rovid
e v
isual in
form
ation o
f th
e
circuits
opera
ting c
onditio
n is a
____________
.
a.
pushbutt
on
b.
sele
cto
r sw
itch
c.
pro
xim
ity s
witch
d.
pilo
t or
indic
ato
r lig
ht
13.
A r
ela
y t
hat
has t
wo isola
ted c
ircuits a
nd o
ne
clo
sed c
onta
ct
positio
n p
er
pole
is a
____________
.
a.
DP
ST
b.
DP
DT
c.
SP
ST
d.
SP
DT
14.
Whic
h t
ype o
f lig
hting a
nd h
eating c
onta
cto
r is
lik
ely
to p
roduce a
hum
min
g s
ound d
uring n
orm
al opera
tion,
and is n
ot
recom
mended f
or
a q
uie
t are
a?
a.
ele
ctr
ically
-held
b.
magnetically
-held
c.
mechanic
ally
-latc
hed
d.
both
b a
nd c
15.
A N
EM
A S
ize
6 s
tart
er
has a
continuous a
mp r
ating
of
____________
am
ps.
a.
200
b.
540
c.
810
d.
1600
16.
Sie
mens 8
WD
42 a
nd 8
WD
44 s
ignalin
g c
olu
mns c
an
be n
etw
ork
ed t
o o
ther
devic
es t
hro
ugh a
n o
ptional
____________
adapte
r.
a.
PR
OF
IBU
S
b.
Eth
ern
et
c.
AS
-Inte
rface
d.
pro
prieta
ry n
etw
ork
17.
Sie
mens C
lass 1
4 E
SP
100 s
tart
ers
are
availa
ble
with
conta
cto
r ra
tings u
p t
o a
nd inclu
din
g N
EM
A s
ize _
__
.
a.
4
b.
6
c.
8
d.
10
18.
Anoth
er
nam
e f
or
a s
olid
-sta
te r
educed v
oltage s
tart
er
is a
(an)
____________
sta
rter.
a.
soft
b.
prim
ary
resis
tance
c.
Wye-D
elta
d.
auto
transfo
rmer
106
Man
ual
Co
ntr
ol
Contr
ol is
consid
ere
d t
o b
e m
an
uall
y o
pera
ted w
hen s
om
eone
must
initia
te a
n a
ction in o
rder
for
the c
ircuit t
o o
pera
te.
For
exam
ple
, som
eone m
ight
have t
o fl
ip t
he s
witch o
f a m
anual
sta
rter
to s
tart
and s
top a
moto
r.
Au
tom
ati
c O
pera
tio
nW
hile
manual opera
tion o
f m
achin
es is s
till
com
mon p
ractice,
many m
achin
es a
re s
tart
ed a
nd s
topped a
uto
mati
call
y.
Fre
quently t
here
is a
com
bin
ation o
f m
anual and a
uto
matic
contr
ol. A
pro
cess m
ay h
ave t
o b
e s
tart
ed m
anually
, but
may b
e
sto
pped a
uto
matically
.
Co
ntr
ol
Ele
men
tsT
he e
lem
ents
of
a c
ontr
ol circuit inclu
de a
ll of
the e
quip
me
nt
and d
evic
es c
oncern
ed w
ith t
he c
ircuit f
unction:
enclo
sure
s,
conducto
rs,
rela
ys,
conta
cto
rs,
pilo
t devic
es,
and o
verc
urr
ent-
pro
tection d
evic
es. T
he s
ele
ction o
f contr
ol equip
ment
for
a s
pecifi
c a
pplic
ation r
equires a
thoro
ugh u
nders
tandin
g o
f
contr
olle
r opera
ting c
hara
cte
ristics a
nd w
irin
g layout.
The
pro
per
contr
ol devic
es m
ust
be s
ele
cte
d a
nd inte
gra
ted into
the
overa
ll circuit d
esig
n.
5
-
Ele
ctric
al S
ym
bo
ls
Language h
as b
een d
evelo
ped in o
rder
to t
ransfe
r id
eas a
nd
info
rmation.
In o
rder
to u
nders
tand t
he ideas a
nd info
rmatio
n
bein
g c
om
munic
ate
d,
an u
nders
tandin
g o
f th
e language is
necessary
. T
he language o
f contr
ols
consis
ts o
f a c
om
monly
used s
et
of
sym
bols
whic
h r
epre
sent
contr
ol com
ponents
.
Co
nta
ct
Sym
bo
lsC
on
tact
sym
bo
ls a
re u
sed t
o indic
ate
an o
pen o
r clo
sed p
ath
of
curr
ent
flow
. C
onta
cts
are
show
n a
s n
orm
ally
open (
NO
) or
norm
ally
clo
sed (
NC
). C
onta
cts
show
n b
y t
his
sym
bol re
quire
anoth
er
devic
e t
o a
ctu
ate
them
.
The s
tandard
meth
od o
f show
ing a
conta
ct
is t
o indic
ate
the
circuit c
onditio
n p
roduced w
hen t
he a
ctu
ating d
evic
e is in t
he
de-e
nerg
ized s
tate
. F
or
exam
ple
, in
the f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation a
rela
y is u
sed a
s t
he a
ctu
ating d
evic
e. T
he c
onta
cts
are
show
n
as n
orm
ally
open,
meanin
g t
he c
onta
cts
are
open w
hen t
he
rela
y is d
e-e
nerg
ized. A
com
ple
te p
ath
of
curr
ent
does n
ot
exis
t
and t
he lig
ht
is o
ff.
6
6.
A m
oto
r sta
rter
is a
com
bin
ation o
f a/a
n _
________
.
a.
ele
ctr
om
agnet
and a
rmatu
re
b.
conta
cto
r and e
lectr
om
agnet
c.
conta
cto
r and o
verload r
ela
y
d.
overload r
ela
y a
nd insta
nta
neous c
onta
cts
7.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g is n
ot
part
of
a c
onta
cto
r?
a.
arm
atu
re
b.
ele
ctr
om
agnetic c
oil
c.
overc
urr
ent
sensin
g d
evic
e
d.
sta
tionary
conta
cts
8.
One r
eason r
educed-v
oltage s
tart
ing m
ay b
e u
sed
to s
tart
a m
oto
r is
to _
___________
.
a.
apply
torq
ue g
radually
b.
incre
ase s
tart
ing t
orq
ue
c.
get
the m
oto
r to
full
speed f
aste
r
d.
run t
he m
oto
r at
a low
er
speed
9.
A t
ype o
f speed s
ele
ction c
ontr
ol th
at
requires t
he
opera
tor
to m
anually
incre
ment
thro
ugh e
ach
speed s
tep t
o g
et
to t
he d
esired s
peed is _
_______
contr
ol.
a.
sele
ctive
b.
com
pelli
ng
c.
pro
gre
ssiv
e
d.
consequent
pole
10.
The o
rganiz
ation p
rim
arily
concern
ed w
ith t
he
rating o
f conta
cto
rs a
nd s
tart
ers
used in m
any
countr
ies,
inclu
din
g t
he U
.S.,
is _
___________
.
a.
NE
MA
b.
UL
c.
ICS
d.
IEC
11.
____________
is a
flexib
le,
modula
r m
oto
r
managem
ent
syste
m t
hat
pro
vid
es m
ultifunctional,
solid
-sta
te p
rote
ction f
or
consta
nt-
speed m
oto
rs.
a.
SIN
AM
ICS
b.
LO
GO
!
c.
MIC
RO
MA
ST
ER
d.
SIM
OC
OD
E P
ro
105
-
Fin
al E
xa
m
The fi
nal exam
is inte
nded t
o b
e a
learn
ing t
ool. T
he b
oo
k m
ay
be u
sed d
uring t
he e
xam
. A
tear-
out
answ
er
sheet
is p
rovid
ed.
Aft
er
com
ple
ting t
he t
est,
mail
in t
he a
nsw
er
sheet
for
gra
din
g. A
gra
de o
f 70%
or
bett
er
is p
assin
g.
Upon s
uccessfu
l com
ple
tion
of
the t
est
a c
ert
ificate
will
be issued.
Questions
1.
The s
tandard
meth
od o
f show
ing a
conta
ct
is b
y
indic
ating t
he c
ircuit c
onditio
n it
pro
duces w
hen
the a
ctu
ating d
evic
e is in t
he _
___________
sta
te.
a.
norm
ally
clo
sed
b.
norm
ally
open
c.
energ
ized
d.
de-e
nerg
ized
2.
A m
oto
r th
at
is r
unnin
g w
ould
usually
be indic
ate
d
by a
____________
indic
ato
r lig
ht.
a.
gre
en
b.
red
c.
am
ber
d.
white
3.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ym
bols
repre
sents
a
norm
ally
clo
sed,
tim
ed o
pen (
NC
TO
) conta
ct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
With a
n incre
ase o
f curr
ent,
tem
pera
ture
will
____________
.
a.
decre
ase
b.
incre
ase
c.
rem
ain
the s
am
e
d.
fluctu
ate
5.
The t
wo c
ircuits involv
ed in t
he o
pera
tion o
f a
conta
cto
r are
the _
___________
circuits.
a.
pow
er
and c
ontr
ol
b.
pow
er
and a
rmatu
re
c.
contr
ol and e
lectr
om
agnetic
d.
contr
ol and s
tart
er
104
No
rmall
y O
pen
Co
nta
ct
In a
contr
ol dia
gra
m o
r schem
atic,
sym
bols
are
usually
not
Exam
ple
show
n in t
he e
nerg
ized o
r opera
ted s
tate
. H
ow
ever,
for
the
purp
oses o
f expla
nation in t
his
text,
a c
onta
ct
or
devic
e s
how
n
in a
sta
te o
pposite o
f its n
orm
al sta
te w
ill b
e h
ighlig
hte
d.
For
exam
ple
, in
the f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation t
he c
ircuit is fi
rst
show
n
in t
he d
e-e
nerg
ized s
tate
. T
he c
onta
cts
are
show
n in t
heir
norm
ally
open (
NO
) sta
te.
When t
he r
ela
y is e
nerg
ized,
the
conta
cts
clo
se,
com
ple
ting t
he p
ath
of
curr
ent
and illu
min
atin
g
the lig
ht.
The c
onta
cts
have b
een h
ighlig
hte
d t
o indic
ate
they
are
now
clo
sed.
(This
is n
ot
a legitim
ate
sym
bol. I
t is
used h
ere
for
illustr
ative p
urp
oses o
nly
.)
No
rmall
y C
losed
Co
nta
ct
In t
he f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation t
he c
onta
cts
are
show
n a
s
Exam
ple
norm
ally
clo
sed (
NC
), m
eanin
g t
he c
onta
cts
are
clo
sed w
hen
the r
ela
y is d
e-e
nerg
ized. A
com
ple
te p
ath
of
curr
ent
exis
ts a
nd
the lig
ht
is o
n.
When t
he r
ela
y is e
nerg
ized,
the c
onta
cts
open
turn
ing t
he lig
ht
off.
7
-
Sw
itch
Sym
bo
lsS
wit
ch
sym
bo
ls a
re a
lso u
sed t
o indic
ate
an o
pen o
r clo
sed
path
of
curr
ent
flow
. V
ariations o
f th
is s
ym
bol are
used t
o
repre
sent
limit s
witches,
foot
sw
itches,
pre
ssure
sw
itches,
level sw
itches,
tem
pera
ture
-actu
ate
d s
witches,
flow
sw
itches,
and s
ele
cto
r sw
itches.
Lik
e c
onta
cts
, sw
itches r
equire a
noth
er
devic
e o
r action t
o c
hange t
heir s
tate
. In
the c
ase o
f a m
anu
al
sw
itch,
som
eone m
ust
manually
change t
he p
ositio
n o
f th
e
sw
itch.
No
rmall
y O
pen
Sw
itch
In t
he f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation a
batt
ery
is c
onnecte
d t
o o
ne
Exam
ple
sid
e o
f a n
orm
ally
open s
witch a
nd a
lig
ht
to t
he o
ther.
Curr
ent
is p
revente
d f
rom
flow
ing t
o t
he lig
ht
when t
he s
witch is o
pe
n.
When s
om
eone c
loses t
he s
witch,
the p
ath
of
curr
ent
flow
is
com
ple
ted a
nd t
he lig
ht
illum
inate
s.
No
rmall
y C
losed
Sw
itch
In t
he f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation a
batt
ery
is c
onnecte
d t
o o
ne
Exam
ple
sid
e o
f a n
orm
ally
clo
sed s
witch a
nd a
lig
ht
to t
he o
ther.
Curr
ent
is fl
ow
ing t
o t
he lig
ht
when t
he s
witch is c
losed.
When s
om
eone o
pens t
he s
witch,
the p
ath
of
curr
ent
flow
is
inte
rrupte
d a
nd t
he lig
ht
turn
s o
ff.
8
Re
vie
w A
ns
we
rs
Revie
w 1
(1)
manually
; (2
) a;
(3)
b;
(4)
b;
(5)
c
Revie
w 2
(1)
left
to r
ight;
(2) A
- N
ode,
B -
Pow
er
Circuit,
C -
Pow
er
Load
,
D-
Contr
ol C
ircuit;
E -
Contr
ol D
evic
e;
F -
Contr
ol Load
Revie
w 3
(1)
a;
(2)
overc
urr
ent;
(3)
overload;
(4)
a;
(5)
bim
eta
l; (
6)
reset;
(7-1
) heate
r ele
ments
; (7
-2)
phase loss;
(7-3
) in
sensitiv
e
Revie
w 4
(1)
two;
(2)
low
voltage p
rote
ction (
LV
P);
(3)
15;
(4)
20;
(5)
moto
r sta
rter;
(6)
com
bin
ation s
tart
er
Revie
w 5
(1)
NE
MA
, IE
C;
(2)
5;
(3) A
C3;
(4)
4,
3
; (5
) th
ree;
(6)
S00,
S6;
(7)
140F
(60C
)
Revie
w 6
(1)
consequent-
pole
moto
r; (
2)
pro
gre
ssiv
e c
ontr
ol; (
3)
reduced-
voltage s
tart
ing;
(4-1
) in
rush c
urr
ent;
(4-2
) sta
rtin
g t
orq
ue;
(4-3
) str
ess o
n m
echanic
al lin
kage;
(4)
Auto
transfo
rmer
Revie
w 7
(1)
pow
er
supply
cycle
; (2
-1)
curr
ent
limit;
(2-2
) sta
rtin
g v
oltage;
(2-3
) sta
rtin
g a
nd s
toppin
g t
imes o
f th
e v
oltage r
am
p;
(3)
ele
ctr
ically
held
; (4
) b;
(5)
magnetically
held
, m
echanic
ally
latc
hed;
(6)
Pilo
t devic
e;
(7-t
op)
Thre
e-W
ire C
ontr
ol;
(7-b
ott
om
) T
wo-W
ire C
ontr
ol; (
8)
vis
ual; (
9)
red,
gre
en
Revie
w 8
(1)
Thro
w;
(2)
Pole
; (3
) one,
two;
(4)
ON
; (5
) S
olid
-Sta
te;
(6)
Monitoring R
ela
ys;
(7)
scre
w,
spring-loaded;
(8)
Supple
menta
ry P
rote
cto
rs
103
-
Revie
w 8
1.
___________
is t
he t
ota
l num
ber
of
diffe
rent
circuits
each p
ole
contr
ols
.
2.
___________
describes t
he n
um
ber
of
isola
ted c
ircuits
that
can p
ass t
hro
ugh a
rela
y a
t one t
ime.
3.
An S
PD
T r
ela
y h
as _
__________
pole
(s)
and _
______
_____
clo
sed c
onta
ct
positio
n(s
).
4.
A t
imin
g r
ela
y t
hat
receiv
es a
sig
nal to
turn
on,
and t
hen
dela
ys a
pre
dete
rmin
ed a
mount
of
tim
e b
efo
re p
erf
orm
-
ing t
his
action,
is r
efe
rred t
o a
s _
___________
dela
y.
5.
____________
____________
rela
ys a
nd c
onta
cto
rs
elim
inate
the m
echanic
al w
ear
and n
ois
e c
hara
cte
ristics
of
conventional ele
ctr
om
echanic
al sw
itchin
g d
evic
es.
6.
____________
____________
can m
onitor
ele
ctr
ical
and m
echanic
al quantities a
nd f
ault c
onditio
ns,
and
pro
vid
e a
ppro
priate
dia
gnostic indic
ations.
7.
Sie
mens t
erm
inal blo
cks a
re a
vaila
ble
with e
ither
____________
connections o
r ____________
____________
term
inals
.
8.
Sie
mens U
L1077 _
___________
____________
are
desig
ned t
o t
rip f
aste
r th
an s
tandard
UL489 c
ircuit
bre
akers
, pro
vid
ing a
dditio
nal pro
tection f
or
more
sensitiv
e d
evic
es.
102
Pu
sh
bu
tto
n S
ym
bo
lsT
here
are
tw
o b
asic
types o
f p
ush
bu
tto
ns:m
om
enta
ry a
nd
main
tain
ed
. A
norm
ally
open m
om
enta
ry p
ushbutt
on c
loses a
s
long a
s t
he b
utt
on is h
eld
dow
n. A
norm
ally
clo
sed m
om
enta
ry
pushbutt
on o
pens a
s long a
s t
he b
utt
on is h
eld
dow
n. A
main
tain
ed p
ushbutt
on latc
hes in p
lace w
hen t
he b
utt
on is
pre
ssed.
No
rmall
y O
pen
In t
he f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation,
a b
att
ery
is c
onnecte
d t
o o
ne
Pu
sh
bu
tto
n E
xam
ple
sid
e o
f a n
orm
ally
open p
ushbutt
on,
and a
lig
ht
is c
onnecte
d t
o
the o
ther
sid
e.
When t
he p
ushbutt
on is d
epre
ssed a
com
ple
te
path
of
curr
ent
flow
exis
ts t
hro
ugh t
he p
ushbutt
on,
and t
he lig
ht
is illu
min
ate
d.
No
rmall
y C
losed
In
the f
ollo
win
g e
xam
ple
, curr
ent
will
flow
to t
he lig
ht
as
Pu
sh
bu
tto
n E
xam
ple
long a
s t
he p
ushbutt
on is n
ot
depre
ssed.
When t
he p
ushbutt
on
is d
epre
ssed,
curr
ent
flow
is inte
rrupte
d a
nd t
he lig
ht
turn
s o
ff.
Sw
itch is s
how
n
opposite o
f its
norm
al sta
te (
NO
).
Sw
itch is s
how
n
opposite o
f its
norm
al sta
te (
NC
).
9
-
Co
il S
ym
bo
lsC
oil
s a
re u
sed in e
lectr
om
agnetic s
tart
ers
, conta
cto
rs,
and
rela
ys. T
he p
urp
ose o
f conta
cto
rs a
nd r
ela
ys is t
o o
pen a
nd
clo
se a
ssocia
ted c
onta
cts
. Lett
ers
are
used t
o d
esig
nate
the
coil;
for
exam
ple
, M
fr
equently indic
ate
s a
moto
r sta
rter
and
CR
in
dic
ate
s a
contr
ol re
lay.
The a
ssocia
ted c
onta
cts
have
the s
am
e identify
ing lett
er.
Conta
cto
rs a
nd r
ela
ys u
se a
n
ele
ctr
om
agnetic a
ction (
whic
h w
ill b
e d
escribed late
r) t
o o
pen
and c
lose t
hese c
onta
cts
. T
he a
ssocia
ted c
onta
cts
can b
e
either
norm
ally
open o
r norm
ally
clo
sed.
Co
il E
xam
ple
Usin
gIn
the f
ollo
win
g e
xam
ple
, th
e
M
conta
cts
in s
eries w
ith
No
rmall
y O
pen
Co
nta
cts
the m
oto
r are
contr
olle
d b
y t
he
M
conta
cto
r coil.
When
som
eone c
loses t
he s
witch,
a c
om
ple
te p
ath
of
curr
ent
flow
exis
ts t
hro
ugh t
he s
witch a
nd
M
conta
cto
r coil.
The
M
conta
cto
r coil
actu
ate
s t
he
M
conta
cts
whic
h p
rovid
e p
ow
er
to
the m
oto
r.
10
All
Th
is a
nd
Mo
reIn
this
cours
e,
you h
ave learn
ed a
bout
an e
xte
nsiv
e r
ange
of
pro
ducts
, and y
ou m
ight
be t
em
pte
d t
o t
hin
k t
hat
we h
ave
covere
d e
very
thin
g y
ou n
eed t
o k
now
about
Sie
mens c
ontr
ol
com
ponents
and s
yste
ms.
How
ever,
Sie
mens o
ffers
many m
ore
com
ponents
and s
yste
ms t
han w
e c
an a
dequate
ly d
escribe in
this
cours
e.
For
exam
ple
, S
iem
ens s
ensors
, variable
speed d
rives,
inte
gra
ted s
afe
ty p
roducts
, and a
uto
mation s
yste
ms r
epre
sent
additio
nal cate
gories f
or
furt
her
explo
ration.
In a
dditio
n,
many
of
these p
roducts
and s
yste
ms a
re c
apable
of
com
munic
ating
usin
g a
com
pre
hensiv
e n
etw
ork
ing s
tructu
re t
hat
form
s t
he
backbone o
f S
iem
ens T
ota
lly I
nte
gra
ted A
uto
mation c
apabili
ty.
Industr
ial
Eth
ern
et
PR
OF
IBU
S
superv
isory
level
pro
duction o
r
pro
cess c
ontr
ol le
vel
actu
ato
r/
sensor
level
host
com
pute
r
pro
gra
mm
able
contr
olle
rs
e.g
. S
IMA
TIC
S7
sensors
, actu
ato
rs
e.g
. B
ER
Os c
onta
cto
rs,
inte
rface r
ela
ys
AS
-Inte
rface
101
-
Fa
stb
us
B
us
ba
r A
da
pte
r S
ys
te
m
The
Fastb
us M
ulti-M
oto
r C
ontr
ol syste
m is a
3-p
hase, in
sula
ted
busbar
syste
m u
sed t
o r
educe w
ire c
onnections a
nd h
ole
drilli
ng w
hen b
uild
ing c
ontr
ol panels
. S
IRIU
S 3
RV
/3R
T s
tart
er
com
bin
ations b
uild
fro
m c
om
ponents
, and S
iem
ens c
ircuit
bre
akers
use F
astb
us f
or
convenie
nt
mounting.
Fastb
us is n
ot
new
to S
iem
ens,
but
due t
o t
he n
arr
ow
er
dim
ensio
ns o
f S
IRIU
S c
om
ponents
, m
ore
sta
rters
will
fit
on t
he
sam
e r
un o
f F
astb
us.
Com
ponents
are
availa
ble
for
busbar
cente
rlin
e s
pacin
gs o
f 40 m
m o
r 60 m
m.
100
Overl
oad
Rela
y S
ym
bo
lsO
verl
oad
rela
ys
are
used t
o p
rote
ct
moto
rs f
rom
overh
eating
resultin
g f
rom
an o
verload o
n t
he d
riven m
achin
ery
, lo
w lin
e
voltage,
or
an o
pen p
hase in a
thre
e-p
hase s
yste
m.
When
excessiv
e c
urr
ent
is d
raw
n f
or
a p
redete
rmin
ed a
mount
of
tim
e,
the r
ela
y o
pens a
nd t
he m
oto
r is
dis
connecte
d f
rom
its
sourc
e
of
pow
er.
Ind
icato
r L
igh
t S
ym
bo
lsA
nin
dic
ato
r li
gh
t (s
om
etim
es r
efe
rred t
o a
s a
pil
ot
lig
ht)
is
a s
mall
ele
ctr
ic lig
ht
used t
o indic
ate
a s
pecifi
c c
onditio
n o
f a
circuit.
For
exam
ple
, a r
ed lig
ht
mig
ht
be u
sed t
o indic
ate
a
moto
r is
runnin
g. T
he lett
er
in t
he c
ente
r of
the indic
ato
r lig
ht
sym
bol in
dic
ate
s t
he c
olo
r of
the lig
ht.
Oth
er
Sym
bo
lsIn
additio
n t
o t
he s
ym
bols
dis
cussed h
ere
, th
ere
are
many o
ther
sym
bols
used in c
ontr
ol circuits. T
he f
ollo
win
g c
hart
show
s
many o
f th
e c
om
monly
used s
ym
bols
.
11
-
12
Many o
f th
e s
am
e t
asks c
an b
e p
erf
orm
ed w
ith L
OG
O!.
Initia
l hard
-wirin
g,
although s
till
required,
is g
reatly s
implifi
ed.
Modifyin
g t
he a
pplic
ation is a
s e
asy a
s c
hangin
g t
he
pro
gra
m v
ia t
he k
eypad locate
d o
n t
he f
ront
of
the L
OG
O!.
Lik
ew
ise,
contr
ol pro
gra
ms c
an b
e c
reate
d a
nd t
este
d b
efo
re
imple
menta
tion v
ia a
PC
soft
ware
pro
gra
m.
Once t
he p
rogra
m
is p
erf
orm
ing p
er
specifi
cation,
the t
ransfe
r to
LO
GO
! is
as
sim
ple
as p
luggin
g in a
cable
.
Basic
LO
GO
! O
pera
tio
nLO
GO
! accepts
a v
ariety
of
dig
ital in
puts
, such a
s p
ushbutt
ons,
sw
itches,
and c
onta
cts
. LO
GO
! m
akes d
ecis
ions a
nd e
xecute
s
contr
ol in
str
uctions b
ased o
n t
he u
ser-
defined p
rogra
m. T
he
instr
uctions c
ontr
ol various o
utp
uts
connecte
d t
o v
irtu
ally
any
type o
f lo
ad s
uch a
s r
ela
ys, conta
cto
rs, lig
hts
, and s
mall
moto
rs.
Desig
n F
eatu
res
Multip
le v
ers
ions o
f LO
GO
! are
availa
ble
for
diffe
rent
supply
voltages (
12 V
DC
, 24 V
DC
, 24 V
AC
, or
115/2
30 V
AC
). U
nits
are
equip
ped w
ith 8
dig
ital in
puts
and 4
rela
y o
r solid
-sta
te
outp
uts
. U
nits a
re a
vaila
ble
with o
r w
ithout
the d
ispla
y p
anel
and k
eyboard
. E
xpansio
n m
odule
s a
re a
vaila
ble
to incre
ase t
he
num
ber
of
dis
cre
te inputs
and o
utp
uts
and t
o a
dd a
nalo
g in
puts
or
outp
uts
. A
com
munic
ation m
odule
for
connection t
o t
he A
S-
Inte
rface is a
lso a
vaila
ble
.
99
-
LO
GO
! L
og
ic
M
od
ule
LO
GO
! is
a logic
module
used t
o p
erf
orm
contr
ol ta
sks. T
he
module
is c
om
pact
and u
ser
frie
ndly
, pro
vid
ing a
cost-
effective
solu
tion f
or
the e
nd u
ser.
Hard
-Wir
ed
Co
ntr
ol
In t
he p
ast,
many o
f th
ese c
ontr
ol ta
sks w
ere
solv
ed w
ith
conta
cto
r or
rela
y c
ontr
ols
. T
his
is o
ften r
efe
rred t
o a
s h
ard
-
wir
ed
co
ntr
ol. C
ircuit d
iagra
ms h
ad t
o b
e d
esig
ned a
nd
ele
ctr
ical com
ponents
specifi
ed a
nd insta
lled. A
change in
contr
ol fu
nction o
r syste
m e
xpansio
n c
ould
require e
xte
nsiv
e
com
ponent
changes a
nd r
ew
irin
g.
98
13
-
Ab
bre
via
tio
ns
Abbre
via
tions a
re f
requently u
sed in c
ontr
ol circuits. T
he
follo
win
g lis
t id
entifies a
few
com
monly
used a
bbre
via
tions.
AC
Alt
ern
ati
ng
Cu
rren
tM
TR
Mo
tor
AL
MA
larm
MN
Man
ual
AM
Am
mete
rN
EG
Neg
ati
ve
AR
MA
rmatu
reN
EU
TN
eu
tral
AU
Au
tom
ati
cN
CN
orm
all
y C
losed
BA
TB
att
ery
NO
No
rmall
y O
pen
BR
Bra
ke R
ela
yO
HM
Oh
mm
ete
r
CA
PC
ap
acit
or
OL
Overl
oad
CB
Cir
cu
it B
reaker
PB
Pu
sh
bu
tto
n
CK
TC
ircu
itP
HP
hase
CO
NT
Co
ntr
ol
PO
SP
osit
ive
CR
Co
ntr
ol
Rela
yP
RI
Pri
mary
CT
Cu
rren
t T
ran
sfo
rmer
PS
Pre
ssu
re S
wit
ch
DD
ow
nR
Revers
e
DC
D
irect
Cu
rren
t R
EC
R
ecti
fier
DIS
CD
isco
nn
ect
Sw
itch
RE
SR
esis
tor
DP
Do
ub
le-P
ole
RH
Rh
eo
sta
t
DP
DT
Do
ub
le-P
ole
, D
ou
ble
-Th
row
SS
wit
ch
DP
ST
Do
ub
le-P
ole
, S
ing
le-T
hro
wS
EC
Seco
nd
ary
DT
Do
ub
le T
hro
wS
OL
So
len
oid
FF
orw
ard
SP
Sin
gle
-Po
le
FR
EQ
Fre
qu
en
cy
SP
DT
Sin
gle
-Po
le,
Do
ub
le T
hro
w
FT
SF
oo
t S
wit
ch
SP
ST
Sin
gle
-Po
le,
Sin
gle
Th
row
FU
Fu
se
SS
Sele
cto
r S
wit
ch
GE
NG
en
era
tor
SS
WS
afe
ty S
wit
ch
GR
DG
rou
nd
TT
ran
sfo
rmer
HO
AH
an
d/O
ff/A
uto
Sele
cto
r S
wit
ch
TB
Term
inal
Bo
ard
ICIn
teg
rate
d C
ircu
itT
DT
ime D
ela
y
INT
LK
Inte
rlo
ck
TH
ST
herm
osta
t S
wit
ch
IOL
Insta
nsta
neo
us O
verl
oad
TR
Tim
e D
ela
y R
ela
y
JB
Ju
ncti
on
Bo
xU
Up
LS
Lim
it S
wit
ch
UV
Un
der
Vo
ltag
e
LT
Lam
pV
FD
Vari
ab
le F
req
uen
cy D
rive
MM
oto
r S
tart
er
XF
RT
ran
sfo
rmer
MS
PM
oto
r S
tart
er
Pro
tecto
r
14
Su
pp
lem
en
tary
Sie
mens U
L1077 s
up
ple
men
tary
pro
tecto
rs a
re d
esig
ned t
o
Pro
tecto
rstr
ip f
aste
r th
an s
tandard
UL489 c
ircuit b
reakers
pro
vid
ing
additio
nal pro
tection f
or
more
sensitiv
e d
evic
es.
In a
dditio
n
to p
rovid
ing s
upple
menta
ry b
ranch c
ircuit p
rote
ction,
supple
menta
ry p
rote
cto
rs m
ay a
lso b
e u
sed a
s a
local
dis
connect
means insid
e a
panel w
hen a
bra
nch c
ircuit
pro
tection d
evic
e is a
lready p
resent.
Sie
mens s
upple
menta
ry p
rote
cto
rs a
re e
quip
ped w
ith a
therm
al
bim
eta
l tr
ip m
echanis
m f
or
low
-curr
ent
overloads a
nd a
n
insta
nta
neous e
lectr
om
agnetic t
rip f
or
hig
h-c
urr
ent
overloads
and s
hort
circuits.
Devic
es a
re a
vaila
ble
for
sin
gle
-pole
and
multip
le-p
ole
varieties w
ith m
ounting d
epth
s o
f 55m
m o
r 70 m
m.
97
-
Te
rm
in
al B
lo
ck
s a
nd
Su
pp
le
me
nta
ry
P
ro
te
cto
rs
Term
inal
Blo
cks
Sie
mens o
ffers
a b
road r
ange o
f spring-loaded a
nd s
cre
w-t
ype
term
inal
blo
cks f
or
space-s
avin
g c
onnections.
Exam
ple
s o
f th
e
types o
f te
rmin
al blo
cks a
re lis
ted b
elo
w.
8W
A1 T
erm
inals
Wit
h S
cre
w
Co
nn
ecti
on
s
8W
A2 S
pri
ng
-Lo
ad
ed
Term
inals
T
hro
ugh-t
ype t
erm
inals
T
hro
ugh-t
ype t
erm
inals
N
isola
ting a
nd b
ranch
te
rmin
als
T
wo-t
ier
term
inals
In
sta
or
thre
e-t
ier
term
inals
G
round a
nd g
round-n
eutr
al
te
rmin
als
N
isola
ting t
erm
inals
G
round t
erm
inals
T
wo-t
ier
term
inals
F
use t
erm
inals
T
wo-t
ier
term
inals
with s
olid
-sta
te
com
ponents
Term
inal fo
r com
ponents
D
iode t
erm
inals
In
sta
or
thre
e-t
ier
term
inals
S
lidin
g-lin
k t
erm
inals
F
lat-
type a
nd b
olt-t
ype
te
rmin
als
F
use t
erm
inals
Term
inal fo
r com
ponents
D
iode a
nd isola
ting t
erm
inals
F
use t
erm
inals
S
lidin
g-lin
k t
erm
inals
T
hro
ugh-t
ype p
lug c
onnection
M
easuring t
ransfo
rmer
term
inals
C
ircuit b
reaker
term
inals
for
auxili
ary
circuits
96
Revie
w 1
1.
A c
ontr
ol is
____________
opera
ted w
hen s
om
eone
must
initia
te a
n a
ction f
or
the c
ircuit t
o o
pera
te.
2.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ym
bols
repre
sents
a n
orm
ally
open c
onta
ct?
a.
b.
c.
3.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ym
bols
repre
sents
a n
orm
ally
clo
sed c
onta
ct?
a.
b.
c.
4.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ym
bols
indic
ate
s a
norm
ally
open p
ushbutt
on?
a.
b.
c.
5.
Whic
h o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ym
bols
indic
ate
s a
mushro
om
head p
ushbutt
on?
a.
b.
c.
15
-
Lin
e D
ia
gra
ms
The m
eth
od o
f expre
ssin
g t
he language o
f contr
ol sym
bols
is a
lin
e d
iag
ram
, als
o r
efe
rred t
o a
s a
ladder
dia
gra
m.
Lin
e
dia
gra
ms a
re m
ade u
p o
f tw
o c
ircuits,
the c
ontr
ol circuit
and t
he p
ow
er
circuit.
Ele
ctr
ical w
ires in a
lin
e d
iagra
m a
re
repre
sente
d b
y lin
es.
Contr
ol-circuit w
irin
g is r
epre
sente
d b
y a
lighte
r-w
eig
ht
line,
and p
ow
er-
circuit w
irin
g is r
epre
sente
d b
y
a h
eavie
r-w
eig
ht
line. A
sm
all
dot
or
node a
t th
e inte
rsection o
f
two o
r m
ore
wires indic
ate
s a
n e
lectr
ical connection.
Lin
e d
iagra
ms s
how
the f
unctional re
lationship
of
com
ponents
and d
evic
es in a
n e
lectr
ical circuit,
not
the p
hysic
al
rela
tionship
. F
or
exam
ple
, th
e f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation s
how
s t
he
physic
al re
lationship
of
an indic
ato
r lig
ht
and a
pushbutt
on.
In
dic
ato
r(P
ilot)
Lig
ht
16
Off
-Dela
y,
Tim
ed
Clo
sed
The f
ollo
win
g is a
n e
xam
ple
of
Off
-dela
y,
tim
ed
clo
sed
, usin
g
a s
et
of
norm
ally
clo
sed (
NC
) conta
cts
. T
his
configura
tion is
als
o r
efe
rred t
o a
s n
orm
all
y c
losed
, ti
med
clo
sed
(N
CT
C).
The t
imin
g r
ela
y (
TR
1)
has b
een s
et
for
5 s
econds.
PL1 is o
n.
Clo
sin
g S
1 e
nerg
izes T
R1,
causin
g its
associa
ted c
onta
cts
to
open im
media
tely
and e
xtinguis
hin
g P
L1.
When S
1 is o
pened,
tim
ing r
ela
y T
R1 is d
e-e
nerg
ized. A
fter
5 s
econds,
the a
ssocia
ted n
orm
ally
clo
sed c
onta
cts
clo
se,
illum
inating P
L1.
Insta
nta
neo
us C
on
tacts
Tim
ing r
ela
ys c
an a
lso h
ave n
orm
ally
open o
r norm
ally
clo
sed
insta
nta
neo
us c
on
tacts
. In
the f
ollo
win
g e
xam
ple
, w
hen
sw
itch S
1 is c
losed,
the T
R1 insta
nta
neous c
onta
cts
will
clo
se
imm
edia
tely
, ill
um
inating P
L1. A
fter
a p
reset
tim
e d
ela
y t
he
TR
1
tim
ing c
onta
cts
will
clo
se,
illum
inating P
L2.
95
-
Off
-Dela
y,
Tim
ed
Op
en
The f
ollo
win
g is a
n e
xam
ple
of
Off
-dela
y,
tim
ed
op
en
, usin
g a
set
of
norm
ally
open (
NO
) conta
cts
. T
his
configura
tion is a
lso
refe
rred t
o a
s n
orm
all
y o
pen
, ti
med
op
en
(N
OT
O).
The t
imin
g
rela
y (
TR
1)
has b
een s
et
for
an o
ff d
ela
y o
f 5 s
econds.
Clo
sin
g
S1 e
nerg
izes T
R1,
causin
g its
associa
ted n
orm
ally
open T
R1
conta
cts
to c
lose im
media
tely
and illu
min
ate
PL1.
When S
1 is o
pened, T
R1 b
egin
s t
imin
g.
When 5
seconds h
as
ela
psed, T
R1 w
ill o
pen its
associa
ted n
orm
ally
open c
onta
cts
,
extinguis
hin
g indic
ato
r lig
ht
PL1.
94
The f
unctional re
lationship
can b
e s
how
n p
icto
rially
with t
he
follo
win
g illu
str
ation.
Read
ing
a L
ine D
iag
ram
This
functional re
lationship
is s
how
n s
ym
bolic
ally
with a
lin
e
dia
gra
m.
Lin
e d
iagra
ms a
re r
ead f
rom
left
to r
ight.
Depre
ssin
g
the p
ushbutt
on w
ould
allo
w c
urr
ent
to fl
ow
fro
m L
1 t
hro
ugh t
he
pushbutt
on,
illum
inating t
he indic
ato
r lig
ht,
to L
2.
Re
leasin
g t
he
pushbutt
on s
tops c
urr
ent
flow
turn
ing t
he indic
ato
r lig
ht
off.
Po
wer
Cir
cu
it a
nd
The
po
wer
cir
cu
it (
indic
ate
d b
y t
he h
eavie
r-w
eig
ht
line)
is
Co
ntr
ol
Cir
cu
itw
hat
actu
ally
dis
trib
ute
s p
ow
er
from
the s
ourc
e t
o t
he c
onnecte
d
load (
moto
r). T
he c
on
tro
l cir
cu
it (
indic
ate
d b
y t
he lig
hte
r-w
eig
ht
line)
is u
sed t
o
contr
ol t
he d
istr
ibution o
f pow
er.
17
-
Co
nn
ecti
ng
Lo
ad
s a
nd
Contr
ol circuits a
re m
ade u
p o
f contr
ol lo
ads a
nd c
ontr
ol
Co
ntr
ol
Devic
es
devic
es.
Co
ntr
ol
load
s a
re e
lectr
ical devic
es t
hat
use e
lectr
ical
pow
er;
for
exam
ple
, in
dic
ato
r lig
hts
, re
lays,
and c
onta
cto
rs.
Co
ntr
ol
devic
es (
such a
s p
ushbutt
ons a
nd s
witches)
are
used
to a
ctivate
the c
ontr
ol lo
ad.
The f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation s
how
s t
he p
roper
connection o
f a
n
indic
ato
r lig
ht
(load)
with a
pushbutt
on (
contr
ol devic
e).
The
pow
er
lines a
re d
raw
n v
ert
ically
and m
ark
ed L
1 a
nd L
2.
In t
his
exam
ple
, th
e v
oltage p
ote
ntial betw
een L
1 a
nd L
2 is 1
20
VA
C.
The indic
ato
r lig
ht
sele
cte
d m
ust
be r
ate
d f
or
120 V
AC
. W
he
n
the p
ushbutt
on is d
epre
ssed,
the f
ull
120 v
olt p
ote
ntial is
applie
d
to t
he indic
ato
r lig
ht.
Co
nn
ecti
ng
th
e L
oad
to
L2
Only
one c
ontr
ol lo
ad s
hould
be p
laced in a
ny o
ne c
ircuit lin
e
betw
een L
1 a
nd L
2.
One s
ide o
f th
e c
ontr
ol lo
ad is c
onne
cte
d t
o
L2 e
ither
directly o
r th
rough o
verload r
ela
y c
onta
cts
.
In t
he f
ollo
win
g e
xam
ple
, an indic
ato
r lig
ht
is d
irectly c
on
necte
d
to L
2 o
n o
ne c
ircuit lin
e. A
conta
cto
r coil
is indirectly c
onne
cte
d
thro
ugh a
set
of
overload c
onta
cts
(O
L)
to L
2 o
n a
second,
para
llel circuit lin
e.
Depre
ssin
g t
he p
ushbutt
on w
ould
apply
120
VA
C t
o t
he indic
ato
r lig
ht
and t
o t
he
M
conta
cto
r.
18
On
-Dela
y,
Tim
ed
Op
en
The f
ollo
win
g is a
n e
xam
ple
of
On
-dela
y,
tim
ed
op
en
, usin
g a
set
of
norm
ally
clo
sed (
NC
) conta
cts
. T
his
configura
tion is a
lso
refe
rred t
o a
s n
orm
all
y c
losed
, ti
med
op
en
(N
CT
O).
PL1 is
illum
inate
d a
s long a
s S
1 r
em
ain
s o
pen. T
he t
imin
g r
ela
y (
TR
1)
has b
een s
et
for
an O
N d
ela
y o
f 5 s
econds.
When S
1 is c
losed,
tim
ing r
ela
y T
R1 is e
nerg
ized. A
fter
a
tim
ed d
ela
y o
f 5 s
econds,
the a
ssocia
ted n
orm
ally
clo
sed
TR
1 c
onta
cts
open,
extinguis
hin
g P
L1.
When S
1 is o
pen,
de-e
nerg
izin
g T
R1,
the T
R1 c
onta
cts
clo
se im
media
tely
,
illum
inating P
L1.
93
-
On-d
ela
y a
nd O
ff-d
ela
y t
imers
can t
urn
their c
onnecte
d loads
on o
r off,
based o
n h
ow
the t
imer
s o
utp
ut
is w
ired into
the
circuit.
On
-dela
y indic
ate
s t
hat
once a
tim
er
has r
eceiv
ed
a s
ignal to
turn
on,
a p
redete
rmin
ed t
ime (
set
by t
he t
imer)
must
pass b
efo
re t
he t
imer
s c
onta
cts
change s
tate
. O
ff-d
ela
y
indic
ate
s t
hat
once a
tim
er
has r
eceiv
ed a
sig
nal to
turn
off,
a p
redete
rmin
ed t
ime (
set
by t
he t
imer)
must
pass b
efo
re t
he
tim
er
s c
onta
cts
change s
tate
.
On
-Dela
y,
Tim
ed
Clo
sed
The f
ollo
win
g is a
n e
xam
ple
of
On
-dela
y,
tim
ed
clo
sed
, usin
g
a s
et
of
norm
ally
open (
NO
) conta
cts
. T
his
configura
tion is
als
o r
efe
rred t
o a
s n
orm
all
y o
pen
, ti
med
clo
sed
(N
OT
C).
The
tim
ing r
ela
y (
TR
1)
has b
een s
et
for
an O
n-d
ela
y o
f 5 s
econds.
When S
1 is c
losed, T
R1 b
egin
s t
imin
g.
When 5
seconds h
as
ela
psed, T
R1 w
ill c
lose its
associa
ted n
orm
ally
open (
NO
)
TR
1 c
onta
cts
, ill
um
inating indic
ato
r lig
ht
PL1.
When S
1 is
open,
de-e
nerg
izin
g T
R1,
the T
R1 c
onta
cts
open im
media
tely
,
extinguis
hin
g P
L1.
92
Contr
ol lo
ads a
re g
enera
lly n
ot
connecte
d in s
eries. T
he
follo
win
g illu
str
ation s
how
s w
hy.
In t
he fi
rst
insta
nce,
the c
ontr
ol lo
ads a
re im
pro
perly c
onnecte
d
in s
eries.
When t
he p
ushbutt
on is d
epre
ssed,
the v
oltage
acro
ss L
1 a
nd L
2 is d
ivid
ed a
cro
ss b
oth
loads w
ith n
either
load
receiv
ing t
he f
ull
120 v
olts n
ecessary
for
pro
per
opera
tion.
If
one load f
ails
in t
his
configura
tion,
the e
ntire
circuit is r
en
dere
d
usele
ss.
In t
he s
econd insta
nce,
the loads a
re p
roperly c
onnecte
d
in p
ara
llel. I
n t
his
circuit,
there
is o
nly
one load f
or
each
lin
e
betw
een L
1 a
nd L
2. T
he f
ull
120 v
olts w
ill a
ppear
acro
ss e
ach
load w
hen t
he p
ushbutt
on is d
epre
ssed.
If o
ne load f
ails
in t
his
configura
tion,
the o
ther
load w
ill c
ontinue t
o o
pera
te n
orm
ally
.
Co
nn
ecti
ng
Co
ntr
ol
Contr
ol devic
es a
re c
onnecte
d b
etw
een L
1 a
nd t
he load.
Devic
es
The c
ontr
ol devic
e c
an b
e c
onnecte
d in s
eries o
r para
llel,
dependin
g o
n t
he d
esired o
pera
tion o
f th
e c
ircuit.
In t
he f
ollo
win
g illu
str
ation,
the p
ushbutt
ons a
re c
onnecte
d
in p
ara
llel. D
epre
ssin
g e
ither
pushbutt
on w
ill a
llow
curr
ent
to
flow
fro
m L
1,
thro
ugh t
he d
epre
ssed p
ushbutt
on,
thro
ugh t
he
indic
ato
r lig
ht,
to L
2.
19
-
In t
his
second illu
str
ation,
two p
ushbutt
ons a
re c
onnecte
d in
series.
Both
pushbutt
ons m
ust
be d
epre
ssed in o
rder
to a
llow
curr
ent
to fl
ow
fro
m L
1 t
hro
ugh t
he load t
o L
2.
Lin
e N
um
beri
ng
Num
bering e
ach lin
e m
akes it
easie
r to
unders
tand m
ore
com
ple
x lin
e d
iagra
ms.
In t
he illu
str
ation b
elo
w,
line 1
con
nects
pushbutt
on 1
to indic
ato
r lig
ht
1;
line 2
connects
pushbutt
on 2
to
indic
ato
r lig
ht
1;
and lin
e 3
connects
sw
itch 1
to indic
ato
r lig
ht
2
and t
o t
he
M
conta
cto
r on lin
e 4
.
20
Tim
e R
ela
ys
Tim
e r
ela
ys
, such a
s S
iem
ens 3
RP
15 a
nd 3
RP
20 s
olid
-sta
te
tim
e r
ela
ys,
are
used in c
ontr
ol sw
itchin
g o
pera
tions involv
ing
tim
e d
ela
y.
3R
P15 t
ime r
ela
ys h
ave a
22.5
mm
assem
bly
wid
th,
and
3R
P20 t
ime r
ela
ys h
ave a
45 m
m a
ssem
bly
wid
th.
Most
of
these t
ime r
ela
ys h
ave m
ultip
le t
ime s
ett
ing r
anges.
For
exam
ple
, a n
um
ber
of
the 3
RP
15 a
nd 3
RP
20 t
ime r
ela
ys h
ave
15 t
ime s
ett
ing r
anges c
overing t
he s
pan f
rom
0.0
5 s
econds t
o
100 h
ours
.
Tim
e D
ela
yA
tim
e r
ela
y h
as t
wo m
ajo
r fu
nctions:
On-d
ela
y a
nd O
ff-d
ela
y
tim
ing. A
n a
rrow
is u
sed t
o d
enote
the f
unction o
f th
e t
imer.
An
arr
ow
poin
ting u
p indic
ate
s a
n O
n-d
ela
y t
imin
g a
ction,
while
an
arr
ow
poin
ting d
ow
n indic
ate
s a
n O
ff-d
ela
y t
imin
g a
ction.
91
-
Mo
nito
rin
g R
ela
ys
SIR
IUS
3U
G m
on
ito
rin
g r
ela
ys r
educe m
achin
e a
nd p
lant
dow
ntim
e b
y m
onitoring e
lectr
ical and m
echanic
al quantities
and f
ault c
onditio
ns,
and p
rovid
ing a
ppro
priate
dia
gnostic
indic
ations.
A v
ariety
of
monitoring r
ela
ys a
re a
vaila
ble
. E
xam
ple
s o
f
functions p
erf
orm
ed b
y v
arious m
onitoring r
ela
ys inclu
de:
Lin
e m
onitoring f
or
phase s
equence,
phase f
ailu
re p
hase
asym
metr
y, u
nderv
oltage,
and o
verv
oltage.
S
ingle
-phase c
urr
ent
monitoring.
S
ingle
-phase v
oltage m
onitoring.
P
ow
er
facto
r m
onitoring.
In
sula
tion r
esis
tance m
onitoring.
F
illin
g level m
onitoring.
M
oto
r unders
peed m
onitoring.
Tem
pera
ture
monitoring.
90
Revie
w 2
1.
Lin
e d
iagra
ms a
re r
ead f
rom
____________
to _
_____
______
, o
r L1 t
o L
2.
2.
Matc
h t
he ite
ms o
n t
he lin
e d
iagra
m w
ith t
he a
ssocia
ted
list.
A____________
B____________
C____________
D____________
E____________
F____________
21
-
Ov
erlo
ad
P
ro
te
ctio
n
Befo
re d
iscussin
g s
pecifi
c c
ontr
ol com
ponents
, it is n
ecessary
to r
evie
w w
hat
an o
verload is,
and w
hat
ste
ps c
an b
e t
aken t
o
limit t
he d
am
age a
n o
verload c
an c
ause.
Cu
rren
t an
d T
em
pera
ture
C
urr
ent
flow
in a
conducto
r alw
ays g
enera
tes h
eat
due t
o
resis
tance; th
e g
reate
r th
e c
urr
ent flow
, th
e h
ott
er
the c
onducto
r.
Excess h
eat
is d
am
agin
g t
o e
lectr
ical com
ponents
. F
or
that
reason,
conducto
rs h
ave a
rate
d c
ontinuous c
urr
ent
carr
yin
g
capacity o
r am
pacit
y.
Overc
urr
ent
pro
tection d
evic
es a
re u
sed t
o p
rote
ct
conducto
rs
from
excessiv
e c
urr
ent
flow
. O
verload r
ela
ys a
re d
esig
ned t
o
pro
tect
the c
onducto
rs (
win
din
gs)
in a
moto
r. T
hese p
rote
ctive
devic
es a
re d
esig
ned t
o k
eep t
he fl
ow
of
curr
ent
in a
