3 Basic Cell Structures Notes - chssciencemull.weebly.com
Transcript of 3 Basic Cell Structures Notes - chssciencemull.weebly.com
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CELL STRUCTURES
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Cell Structures • Nucleolus • Nuclear Envelope • Cytoskeleton • Centrioles • Rough ER • Smooth ER • Golgi • Lysosome • Vacuole • Chloroplast • Mitochondrion
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Venn Diagram: Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Simple
Simple - Complex - Cell membrane - Ribosomes - Cytoplasm - Nucleus - Organelles
Complex Cell Membrane Ribosomes Cytoplasm
Nucleus Organelles
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Nucleolus The nucleolus is a dense region in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled.
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Nuclear Envelope The nucleus is surrounded by a two-layer membrane called the nuclear envelope.
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Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that helps the cell maintain shape and transport materials around the cell.
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Centrioles Centrioles are microtubule structures found only in animal cells. These structures help organize and separate chromosomes during cell division.
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Ribosomes One of the most important jobs of the cell is making proteins. Ribosomes are the protein making machinery.
Ribosomes are made out of RNA, which is a nucleic acid similar to DNA.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is where the components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum aids in the formation of proteins. Ribosomes attached to the rough ER surface give it a beaded appearance.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum performs specialized tasks based on the type of tissue. It aids in complex lipid formation (e.g. membranes and hormones).
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Golgi The Golgi modifies proteins produced by the rough ER for their specialized tasks before sending them onto their final destination.
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Lysosome Lysosomes are small organelles filled with digestive enzymes that break down worn-out or damaged organelles.
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Vacuole
Cells often store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates in saclike structures known as vacuoles.
Many plants have a single large, central vacuole filled with liquid that helps plants maintain internal pressure.
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts use the energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules (sugar) in a process known as photosynthesis.
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria use energy from food to make high-energy compounds (ATP) that the cell uses to power cellular processes.
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