2.cultural china
-
Upload
jack-garrity -
Category
Education
-
view
437 -
download
1
Transcript of 2.cultural china
![Page 1: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHINA
By Jack Garrity
![Page 2: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Book pages 676-677
![Page 3: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
China China is rapidly changing and urbanizing,
its cities becoming busier than ever before. Like other cities around the world, Chinese cites are a mix of excitement, crowds, skyscrapers, and shops selling everything imaginable.
![Page 4: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Population Patterns Ancient cultures mix with modern ways, in
the villages and megacities of China.
![Page 5: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The People To be Chinese means “a person from the
Middle Kingdom.
![Page 6: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The People China has 1.3 billion people.
![Page 7: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The People 92 percent belong to the Han ethnic group.
![Page 8: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The People From 206 BCE to 220 CE, the Han rulers
developed classical Chinese civilization.
![Page 9: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The People 8 percent of the people make up 55 different
ethnic groups.
![Page 10: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The People Tibet was once a Buddhist kingdom.
![Page 11: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The People Tibet was once a Buddhist kingdom.
![Page 12: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The People China took over Tibet in the 1950’s.
![Page 13: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The People Disagreements continue to this day.
![Page 14: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The People The people of Mongolia have a proud
history.
![Page 15: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The People The people of Mongolia have a proud
history.
![Page 16: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The People In the 13th Century, they created the
largest land empire.
![Page 17: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The People Genghis Khan and his grandsons conquered
an empire from China to Europe.
![Page 18: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Density and distribution In China, 90 percent of the people live on
17 percent of the land.
![Page 19: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Density and distribution Most live in the river valleys.
![Page 20: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Density and distribution Megacities include Shanghai.
![Page 21: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Density and distribution Megacities include Tianjin.
![Page 28: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Density and distribution Megacities include Beijing.
![Page 30: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Government has began to restore many historical sites.
![Page 32: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Density and distribution Megacities include Guangzhou.
![Page 33: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Density and distribution The former British megacities of Hong Kong is
on an island.
![Page 37: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Density and distribution Mongolia's steppes have only 5 people per
square mile.
![Page 40: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Urban Growth Most Chinese live on rural farms.
![Page 41: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Urban Growth However, urbanization has led to
overcrowded megacities.
![Page 42: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Urban Growth Rural areas don’t have enough workers.
![Page 43: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Urban Growth The government has built new
agricultural towns in far off areas.
![Page 44: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Urban Growth Towns are designed to have good social
services and better quality of life for rural people.
![Page 45: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Urban Growth The government tired to stop population
growth.
![Page 46: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Urban Growth In 1979, they made it illegal to have more
than 1 child.
![Page 47: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Urban Growth It slowed population growth.
![Page 48: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Urban Growth Many Chinese killed their female babies.
![Page 49: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Urban Growth Today the ratio of 25- 35 year old people
is 60 percent men to 40 percent women today.
![Page 50: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Urban Growth Like India, Chinese are expected to support
their parents and grand parents.
![Page 51: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Urban Growth This means you have to support 6 people, 4
grandparents plus your 2 parents due to the one child policy.
![Page 52: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Urban Growth Also, there are less people to fill jobs, as
the larger older population retires.
![Page 53: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Some start work very early in life.
![Page 54: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
History and Government
Page 678-679
![Page 55: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
History and Government China has experienced numerous long-
ruling dynasties and has had major political changes. The country has been a powerful force in East Asia.
![Page 56: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dynasties: a family that rules a country or region.
![Page 57: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Early History China is the region’s cultural hearth, like
Greece and Rome to Europe.
![Page 58: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A cultural hearth is the place that a major culture starts. Ie Egypt, India, Greece, China, Mesopotamia
![Page 59: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Early History China’s history is the story of the rise and fall of
10 dynasties.
![Page 60: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Early History Chinese civilization began 5000 years ago
along the Xia River.
![Page 61: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Shang Dynasty 1750-1045 BCE Historians have documents from the
Shang dynasty .
![Page 62: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Shang Dynasty 1750-1045 BCE Aristocrats (land based warriors) led by a King
ruled society.
![Page 63: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Shang Dynasty 1750-1045 BCE The aristocrats led armies against each
other, whomever won the most was king.
![Page 64: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Shang Dynasty 1750-1045 BCE From the capital of Anyang, the dynasty defended itself
from rebellions, attacks from nomads, and natural disasters.
![Page 65: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Shang Dynasty 1750-1045 BCE Eventually, the dynasty lost its “Mandate from
Heaven” and fell.
![Page 66: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Mandate from Heaven The Gods and Goddesses approval and
support for your families rule.
![Page 67: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Ying and Yang Positive and Negative should be balanced. Too much happiness
is thought to be as dangerous as too much heartache.
![Page 68: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) Chinese culture and trade spread.
![Page 69: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) They created iron weapons and tools.
![Page 70: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) Three philosophies Confucianism, Daoism,
and Legalism.
![Page 71: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) Confucius taught moral conduct and self
discipline. An emperor should be like a good father to his people.
![Page 72: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) Confucius has many rules for personal
relationships, the most important the family.
![Page 73: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) Children owe absolute loyalty to their father
and mother.
![Page 74: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) As in other cultures, the father rule the family
called filial piety.
![Page 75: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) Laozi founded Daoism, a philosophy of
living a simple life in harmony with nature.
![Page 76: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Give up city life and move to the countryside.
![Page 77: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC) As the dynasty lost the Mandate from
Heaven, Han Fei helped popularize legalism.
![Page 78: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Legalism taught people were naturally evil and always acted to avoid punishment while trying to get ahead
![Page 79: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
So, the law must severely punish any unwanted action, and reward those who follow it.
![Page 80: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Warring States Period 256-221 BCE China broke down into warring sections,
until Qin Shi Huang Di and legalists united all of China.
![Page 83: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) He ordered the arrest and burning of the
books of the Confuciuists and Daoists.
![Page 84: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) He built the first of the many Great Walls of
China to keep out the war like Mongolians.
![Page 85: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) His harsh rule ended his families Mandate from
Heaven.
![Page 88: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) His famous tomb contains a larger than life
model of his army.
![Page 89: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD ) The Han Emperors favored Confucianism over
Legalism.
![Page 90: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD ) They were so popular Chinese call themselves
“the people of Han” to this day.
![Page 91: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD ) They traded silks, porcelains, and spices
as far as the Roman Empire.
![Page 92: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD ) India became the middle brokers in this
international trade.
![Page 93: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD ) Buddhism spread to China along land and
sea trade routes.
![Page 94: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Mahayana Buddhism Goal: Not just individual, but to save the whole
community.
![Page 95: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
The Sui Dynasty 581–618 Began work on the Grande Canal
![Page 96: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
The Sui Dynasty 581–618 Began the National Exams for government jobs, civil
service exams
![Page 97: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Tang Dynasty (618–907) The Civil Service exams expanded under
the Tang and Song dynasties, considered a high point in Chinese cosmopolitan culture
![Page 98: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Song Dynasty (960–1279) Mixed Buddhism and Confucianism called Neo
Confucianism.
![Page 99: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Song Dynasty (960–1279) It was the first government in world
history to print paper money, and use gunpowder as explosives.
![Page 100: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Song Dynasty (960–1279) The Civil Service Exams were the only
path to power
![Page 101: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) The bureaucracy of the Song lost the
Mandate from Heaven to the warrior Yuan or Mongolian Dynasty.
![Page 102: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
The fierce Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (1162 – 1227) had united the Mongol tribes and built an Empire.
![Page 103: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) His grandson Kubli Khan conquered China,
and declared the Yuan Dynasty.
![Page 104: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) The Song used hand cannons as well as bow
and arrows.
![Page 105: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
The Song considered the Mongolians barbarians.
![Page 106: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) Kublai encouraged Asian arts and
demonstrated religious tolerance to Buddhists, Muslims, etc.
![Page 107: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
They tried to invade Japan as well, but their fleet was destroyed by the kazakami wind.
![Page 108: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) Marco Polo famously traveled to China and
met Kubli Khan.
![Page 109: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) The Yuan Dynasty lost the Mandate from
Heaven, as they assimilated into Chinese society.
![Page 110: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) The Ming, described by some as "one of
the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history
![Page 111: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) Zheng He explored as far away as West
Africa, which soon had trade relationships with China.
![Page 112: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) Zheng He explored as far away as West
Africa, which soon had trade relationships with China.
![Page 113: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) Ming porcelain became prized throughout the
world, and is very valuable today.
![Page 115: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Manchu Dynasty (1644–1912) In 1644, the peasant rebelled and burnt the
Ming capital.
![Page 116: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Manchu Dynasty (1644–1912) A Ming general Wu allied with the Manchus let
their armies through a gate in the Great Wall.
![Page 117: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) By the 1600’s, Europeans had set up
trade routes to get Chinese silk, porcelain, and tea.
![Page 118: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) The Europeans had little that the Chinese
wanted to trade.
![Page 119: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) The British tried to force China to accept
silver.
![Page 120: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) The British government smuggled Opium
(illegal both in China and Britain) and sold it in China.
![Page 121: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) This caused the Opium Wars.
![Page 122: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) The British, Europeans and Americans sacked
the Imperial Palace in Beijing twice.
![Page 123: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) During the 1800’s, the Europeans, Japan and
USA used battleships to force the Chinese to trade with them.
![Page 124: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) By the 1800’s, each country had a sphere
of influence in China.
![Page 125: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Modern China In 1922, Sun Yat-Sen led a revolution that
ended the Manchu dynasty.
![Page 126: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Modern China By 1927, General Chiang Kai-shek formed a
democratic government of the Republic of China.
![Page 127: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Modern China The communist leader Mao Zedong started
a civil war.
![Page 128: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Modern China Mao Zedong started a civil war.
![Page 129: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) In 1933, the Japanese invaded Manchuria
![Page 130: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Modern China Japan conquered Manchuria China and put
the last Qin Emperor on the throne.
![Page 131: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Modern China During World War II , the Japanese
ruthlessly made China part of its Empire.
![Page 132: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Modern China Mao’s communist forces won power in
1949, proclaiming The People’s Republic of China.
![Page 133: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Modern China Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists fled to
Taiwan, still called the Republic of China today.
![Page 134: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Economic Changes In the 1950’s, Chairman Mao’s government,
closed China to foreigners, and canceled all private property.
![Page 135: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
He ordered books burnt, teachers shot, and wrote his own book that everyone had to read.
![Page 136: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Economic Changes During “the Great Leap Forward campaign, the
government replaced family farms with government coop farms.
![Page 137: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
The Great Leap Forward
![Page 138: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Economic Changes 80 million Chinese starved to death, and China
still cannot feed its people today.
![Page 139: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Economic Changes People who disagree with the un elected
government go to reprogramming camps, to correct their thinking.
![Page 140: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
Economic Changes In the 1970’s, Deng Xioping allowed some
private ownership of small business, and welcomed foreign business and technology.
![Page 141: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Economic Changes Today, the non elected government owns all
major industries, but allows some private business..
![Page 142: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Economic Changes Chinese factory workers live and work at the
factory.
![Page 143: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Economic Changes They have one day a week off, but have to get
their bosses permission to go outside the factor on their day off.
![Page 144: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Economic Changes US and European corporations move their
factories to China to take advantage of this cheap labor.
![Page 145: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
A Tale of Two Chinas Since the 1950’s, Taiwan and China have been
separate countries.
![Page 146: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
A Tale of Two Chinas Taiwan with its elected government and free
market is an economic powerhouse..
![Page 147: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
A Tale of Two Chinas Taiwan produces computer and electronic
parts.
![Page 148: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
A Tale of Two Chinas Taiwan produces computer and electronic
parts.
![Page 149: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
A Free Mongolia During the revolution of 1911, Mongolia
declared independence.
![Page 150: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
A Free Mongolia Mongolia allied with the USSR and became
a communist country.
![Page 151: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
A Free Mongolia In 1991, Mongolia became a democracy
after the fall of the USSR.
![Page 152: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
A Free Mongolia Since then, Mongolia has had a booming
economy and freedom for its people.
![Page 153: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Culture The people of China have a long, rich cultural
heritage with influences that include Confucianism, Buddhism, and communism.
![Page 154: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Education and Health Care Recently the government of China has
pushed for more education.
![Page 155: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Education and Health Care They even recruit experts from around
the world to teach.
![Page 156: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
Education and Health Care During the “Cultural Revolution” Mao had
most teachers shot as they disagreed with him during the 1960’s.
![Page 157: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Education and Health Care After Mao’s death, the government has
been again promoting education for all.
![Page 158: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Education and Health Care Today, the life expectancy in China is
above 70 years.
![Page 159: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Education and Health Care The government owns all the hospitals,
so there are long lines always.
![Page 160: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
![Page 161: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Language and Religion Most people in China read Mandarin.
![Page 162: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Language and Religion Mandarin is written using ideograms.
![Page 163: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Language and Religion Each province in China has its own
language.
![Page 164: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Language and Religion People from Shanghai cannot understand
people from Canton.
![Page 165: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Language and Religion But they can communicate by writing in
Mandarin.
![Page 166: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Language and Religion The government of China is officially
atheists, and only atheists are invited to join the party.
![Page 167: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Language and Religion But, Buddhism, Confucianism, and
Daoism are still popular.
![Page 168: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
Language and Religion The government often tries to arrest Buddhist
monks, especially the Dalai Lama of Tibet.
![Page 169: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
![Page 170: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Language and Religion The Dalai Lama of Tibet has spent his life
in exile, preaching peace around the world.
![Page 171: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
The Arts The government tried to wipe out
traditional arts, but today they are returning.
![Page 172: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
The Arts Chinese calligraphy and poetry.
![Page 173: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
The Arts Chinese traditional paintings.
![Page 174: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
The Arts Chinese porcelains are still the best in the
world.
![Page 175: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
The Arts The martial arts of Kung Fu and tai shi.
![Page 176: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
The Arts Beijing Opera has elaborate costumes
and acrobats are amazing.
![Page 177: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
![Page 178: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
![Page 179: 2.cultural china](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062904/588194c41a28ab0d358b641b/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
END