25. Guidelines for the Explosion Protection of Electrical Equipment

7/24/2019 25. Guidelines for the Explosion Protection of Electrical Equipment

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BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA

GUIDELINES

FOR

THE

EXPLOSION

PROTECTION

OF

ELECTRIC L EQUIPMENT

EDITION

2 1


2/74

iro

Klasifikasi

Indonesia

The following Guidelines come into force on J December 2001

Reproduction in whole or in

part

by any means, is subject to

the permission in writing by Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia Head Office

Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia Head Office

JI.

Yos

Sudarso No.38-39-40 Tanjung Priok Jakarta 14320 Po Box:

101

O/JKU

Indonesia

~ + 6 2 0 2 1 )

497021,4300993,4301017,4301703,4353291,4353292

lJ FAX

+62(021) 492509,496175,4371813

e-mail: [email protected] or

bki1964 @indosat.net.id

Web

site: http://www.bki.co.id

Published by : Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia


3/74

Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

P.T. (persero) Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

Head Office:

Jl.

Yos Sudarso No.38-39-40

Tanjung Priok - Jakarta 14320

PO Box:

IOIO JKU

Indonesia

Telephone: +62 (021) 497021,4300993,4301017,4301703,4353291,4353292

Telefax: +62 (021) 492509,496175,4371813

e-mail: [email protected] or

bki1964 @indosat.net.id

Web site:

http://www bki co id

BOARD

OF

COMMISSIONERS

Chairman

Commissioner

Secretary

BOARD

OF MANAGING

DIRECTORS

President Director

Technical Director

Business Director

Finance Personnel Director

SURVEY DIVISION

Reporting Certification Sect.

Monitoring Register Sect.

Acquisition Sect.

HULL MATERIAL

DIVISION

Hull Sect.

Welding Material Sect.

MACHINERY

ELECTRICAL

DIVISION

Machinery Sect.

Electrical Sect.

: Pieter F.L. Maspaitella, MBA

: Drs. Sudjanadi, SE, MBA

Drs. F.X. Yuwono P. Setoto, M.Sc

: Suryanto, SH

: Iskandar Bugandarsyah Ilahude

: Ir. Muchtar Ali

: Darlion Djabar, AMK-C, MM

: Drs. Donny S. Purba

: Ir. Haryanto

: Ir. Hadi Soetrisno

: Ir. Purnomohadi

: Soesetyo Adie , AMK-B, MM

: Ir. Daniel Suli

: Ir. Soedjarwoko

: Ir. Sri Dewi Amalia

: Ir. L. Manupassa

: Ir. Agus Wijaya

: Ir. Jeffrey

B.

Massie

iii


4/74

iv Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

STATUTORY DIVISION

Load Line Cargo Gear Sect.

SOLAS, MARPOL ISM Sect.

QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Budget Reporting Sect.

Information System Sect.

: Ir. Fathorrachman Said, M.Sc

: Ir. Bambang Tri Suharto

: Ir. Munirdin Suki

: Ir. Saifuddin Wijaya, MBA

: Ir. Ajatiman

: Taufik Hidayat, SE, MM

: Ir. Azril Bayma

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT : Ir. Mohamad Sugeng

INTERNAL CONTROL DEPARTMENT

FINANCE DIVISION

Finance Adm. Sect.

Accounting Sect.

PERSONNEL GENERAL DIVISION

Administration General Affairs Sect.

Personnel Training Sect.

Legal Public Relation Sect.

SUPERVISION CONSULTATION DIVISION

: Ir. Rasjid Ali

: Drs. Sukiyo

: Ora. Yayuk Mahanani, MM

: R. Sudaryo, SE

: Su ad Syuhada, SE, MM .

: Asep Sutrisna

S

SH, MM

: Herry Sudrajat, SH, MM

: Yuniati, SH

: Hendra Bawono, MBA


5/74


v

BKI

BRANCH OFFICES

AMBON

CIGADING

Address : JI. Raya Pelabuhan, Kompleks Address : JI Gerem Raya No.

01

Pelabuhan, Ambon 97216

Pulomerak KM.5, Cilegon 42438

Telephone

: 0911) 355036

Telephone

: 0254) 571007

Telefax

:

0911)352745

Telefax

: 0254) 571007

Head

: Ir

Pieter Petrus Paulus

Head

: Ir. Totok Achmad

BALIKPAPAN

CIREBON

Address

:

JI

Yos Sudarso No. 77

Address

:

JI

Tuparev KM.3

Balikpapan 76111

Cirebon 45153

Telephone

: 0542) 21562, 21570, 31850

Telephone

: 0231) 205266

Telefax

: 0542) 22831

Telefax

: 0231) 205266

Head : Ir. Priyo Santosa Head : Ir. Alfonsus Susilarso, AMK-B

Deputies

: Ir. I.N.G. Arimbawa

Ir. A Bachrun Saad

DUM I

Address

:

JI

Sungai Rokan No. 96

BANJARMASIN

Dumai 28814

Address

:

JI

Skip Lama No. 19

Telephone

:

0 7 6 5 ) 3 2 5 7 ~ 3 5 1 0 0

Banjarmasin 70112

Telefax : 0765) 31364

Telephone

: 0511) 50175,58311

Head

: Ir. Yunasri Zainal

Telefax

: 0511)50175

Head

: Ir. Siswanto

JAKARTA / TANJUNG

PRIOK

Address

:

JI

Yos Sudarso 38-39

BELAWAN

Tanjung Priok, Jakarta 14320

Address

: JI Sulawesi II - Belawan,

Telephone

: 021) 490990, 4300993, 4301017,

Medan 20413

4301701,4301703,4371488,

Telephone : 061) 6941025

43910583

Telefax : 061) 6941276

Telefax : 021) 4301702,497020

Head : Ir. Zilzal HM.

Head : Asikin Kusumanegara, AMK-C

Deputy : Ir. Nurdin Gading

BITUNG

KEND RI

Address : J1.DS. Sumolang. Pos Pelabuhan,

Address : Jl. Bunga Matahari No. 64

Bitung 95522

Kemaraya - Kendari 93121

Telephone : 0438) 21129

Telephone

: 0401) 321622

Telefax : 0438) 21282

Telefax : 0401) 321622

Head : Ir. Setudju Dangkeng

Head

: Ir. Rachmadi S

BATAM

MAKASSAR

Address

: JI.Gajah Mada, Komplek Pondok

Address

:

JI

Sungai Cerekang No. 28

Indah Me. Dermot Blok A No. 1

Batam 29421

Makassar 90115

Telephone

: 0778) 322178, 322083

Telephone

: 0411 )311993, 315460

Telefax

: 0778) 322118

Telefax

: 0411) 315460

Head : Ir. Darwis Ali

Head : Ir. Arsalnan Lati ef


6/74

vi


PADANG

Address : J1 St. Syahrir No. 208

Padang 25216

Telephone : (0751) 61553

Telefax : (0751) 61553

Head

: Ir. Bambang Noeljanto

PALEMBANG

Address

:

J1

Perintis Kemerdekaan 5 Ilir

Palembang 30115

Telephone

: (0711) 713171,713172,713680

Telefax

: (0711) 713173

Head

: Radjin Sitorus

PONTIANAK

Address

: J1 Gusti Harnzah No. 211

Pontianak 78116

Telephone

: (0561)39579

Telefax

: (0561) 39579

Head

: Ir. Umar Faisal

SEMARANG

Address :

JI

M.Pardi

No.5

Pelabuhan

Telephone

Telefax

Head

Tanjung Emas Semarang 50229

: (024) 543917 , 545805

: (024) 543917

: Ir. Yansen Miri

SURABAYA

Address

J1

Kalianget No.

14

Surabaya 60165

Telephone:

(031)3295448,3295449,3295450,

3295451

Telefax (031) 3294520

Head

Ir. M. Nasrun Djafar

Deputies

Ir. Mohamad Cholil

Ir. Agung Prihanto

SORONG

Address

JI Jend. Sudirman No. 140

Sorong 98414

Telephone:

(0951) 322600

Telefax

(0951) 323870

Head

Ir. Pardy Abbas

SINGAPORE

Address

111 North Bridge Road 08-07

Peninsula Plaza Singapore 179098

(65) 8830634 - 43 -

51

elephone:

Telefax

Head

(65) 3393631

Ir. Onot Subagyo


7/74

iro Klasifikasi Indonesia vii

OFFICES

OF

FOREIGN CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES CARRYING OUT SURVEY

ON BEHALF OF

BIRO

KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA

1. AMERICA BUREAU OF SHIPPING

ABS)

Head Office : TWO WORLD TRADE

CENTRE, 106

th

FLOOR,

NEW YORK, NY 10048 USA

Telephone : (1) (212) 839-5000

Telefax: (1)

(212) 839-5130

Telex : RCA 232099 ABNYUR

Cable : Record

E m ail:

ask-abs@eagle-org

Web site : eagle-org

2. BUREAU VERITAS ( BV)

Head Office :

17

BIS, PLACE DES

REFLETS, LA DEFENCE 2

92400 COURBEVOIE,

FRANCE

Telephone :

33) 1)

4291-5291

SIEGE (HEAD OFFICE)

DIR. NAVIRES EN SERVICE

(SHIPS IN SERVICE MAN.)

Telefax:

(33)

(1)

4291 5293

Telex : 615370 FBVADM

SIEGE (HEAD OFFICE)

615368 FBVSMS

DIR. NAVIRES EN SERVICE

(SHIPS IN SERVICE MAN.)

3. CHINA CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY

(CCS)

Head Office

Telephone

Telefax

Telex

Cable

: 40 DONG HUANG CHENG

GENNAN JIE,

BEIJING - 100006

PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF

CHINA

: (86) (010) 65136633, 65136787

: (86) (010) 65130188

: 210407 CCSBJ CN

: CHINAREG

4. DET N O R S K E

V R IT

AS

CLASSIFICATION AS DoV)

Head Office

P.O.Box

Telephone

Telefax

Telex

Cable

:

VERITASVEIEN

1 N-1322

HOVIK, NORWAY

: 300,1322 HOVIK, NORWAY

: (47)

67579900

: (47) 67579911

: 76 192 VERIT N

: VERIT AS OSLO

5. GERMANISCHER LLOYD (GL)

Head Office : VORSETZEN 32.

D-20459 HAMBURG

Telephone : (49) (0) 40-36149 - 0

Telefax: (49) (0) 40-36149 - 200

Telex : 2 12828 GLHH D

E m ail: [email protected]

Web site : www.germanlloyd.org

6. HELLENIC

REGISTER OF

SHIPPING

HR)

Head Office

Telephone

Telefax

Telex

Cable

E-mail

: 23 AKTI MIAOULI,

185

35 PIRAEUS, GREECE

: (30)(1)4221900-909

: (30)

(1)

4221913 4221914

: 2 564 24 49

HRS GR

: HELREGSHIP-PIRAEUS

: [email protected]

7. KOREAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING

(KRS)

Head Office : 23-7 JANG-DONG,

YUSUNG-KU, T AEJON

REP. OF KOREA 305-600

P.O. Box : 29 T AEJON REP.OF KOREA

Telephone : (82) (42) 869-9114

Telefax:

(82) (42) 862-6011 - 6

Web site : http://www krs co kr


8/74

viii

iro Klasifikasi Indonesia

8.

LLOYD S

REGISTER OF SHIPPING

LR)

Head Office

Telephone

Telefax

Telex

E-mail

Web site

: 100 LEADEN HALL STREET,

LONDON, EC 3A 3BP

UNITED KINGDOM

: 44) 171) 709 9166

: 44) 171) 4884796

: 888379 LR LON. G

: it. helpdesk@org

: www.Ir. org

9. NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI NK)

Head Office : 4-7. KIOI-CHO,

CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO

102-8567, JAPAN

Telephone : 81) 3) 3230-1201

Telefax: 81) 3) 5226-2012

E mail: cld@classnkorjp

Web site : www.class nk or jp

10.

REGISTRUL

NAVAL ROMAN

(RNR)

Head Office

Telephone

Telefax

Telex

: BD, DINICU GOLESCU NR. 38

SECTOR 1

BUCURESTI 77113

ROMANIA.

: 40) 01) 2223768,6146431

:

(40)(01)

2231972

: 10256 r n r r

11. SHIP CLASSIFICATION MALAYSIA

(SCM)

Head Office

Telephone

Telefax

E-mail

: 1 FLOOR WISMA

MARITIM

PERSIARAN SUKAN,

SECTION 13

40100 SHAH ALAM

SELONGOR DARUL

EHSAN, MALAYSIA

: 03 - 50318160

:

03

- 50318189

: [email protected]

12. VIETNAM REGISTER VR)

Head Office : 1C KIM NGUU STR

Telephone

Telefax

E-mail

Web site

RONAl - VIETNAM

: 84-49714243/8219583;

MOBILE:

091205853

: 84-4-8211320/9715839

: [email protected]

: WWW.Vf.vnn.vn


9/74

iro Klasifikasi Indonesia

ix

COOPERATION

WITH

FOREIGN CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES

KIND OF

NO

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES

STATE

COOPER ATION

1

American Bureau

of

Shipping (ABS)

USA

Dual Class

2

Bureau Veritas (BV)

France

Dual Class

3

China Classification Society (CCS) China Mutual Representation

4

Det Norske Veritas Classification AS (DnV) Norway

Dual Class

5

Germanischer Lloyd (GL)

Germany

Mutual Representation

6

Hellenic Register

of

Shipping (HR)

Greece Mutual Representation

7

Korean Register of Shipping (KRS)

South Korea Mutual Representation

8

Lloyd s Register

of

Shipping (LR)

UK

Dual Class

9

Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK)

Japan


10

Registrul Naval Roman (RNR)

Romania


Ship Classification Malaysia ( SCM

Malaysia


12

Vietnam Register (VR)

Vietnam



10/74

Table of Contents

x

Table of

Contents

Page

A. Reference to Codes and Requirements

1

Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2

Constructional Rules of Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

B. Fundamental

Concepts and Definitions

1 Explosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Characteristic values

of

materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Explosion groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 Temperature classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5

Types

of

ignition protection .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6 Field

of

applicat ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

C

Explosion

Hazard

Areas

1

Classification

of

hazardous

areas.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Cargo, passenger and special purpose ships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Tankers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 12

4 Mobile offshore drilling

units.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

D Construction and Utilization of Explosion Protected Electrical Facilities

1 Characteristic features of facilities with types of

ignition protection Ex d,p,e,s and i

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. 20

2 Portable electrical facil ities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29

3

Type

of

installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4 Utilization on cargo, passenger and special purposes ships. . . . . . . . . . . 33

5 Utilization on tankers and mobile offshore drilling units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

E

Testing and

Identification

of

Explosion Protected Electrical

facilities

1 Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

2 Testing and approval by Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37

3 Approved testing stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39

4 List of International explosion protection provisons and code letter used. . . . . . . .. 40

5 Examples of the identification of explosion-protected electrical facilities

with the flame proof enclosure d type ignition protection by

explosion groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

F Explosion Hazard from

Dust Air

Mixtures

1 Basic concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2 Explosion hazard areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3

Construction, testing and use

of

electrical facilities with dust explosion

protection..

43

PPENDIXES

Appendix

1 : Oil products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Appendix 2:

Gases

46

Appendix 3: Petrochemical product may be equated with oil products with

regard to explosion

hazard.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47

Appendix 4: Chem i c a l s 50

Appendix 5:

lACS Recommendation, No. 22, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53


11/74


1

A. References

to

Codes

and

Requirements

The manufacture, installation and testing of electrical facilities for use in explosion hazard areas

are subject to strict requirements. Since these Guidelines deal with applications

on

ships and

mobile offshore drilling units, only the principal international codes and requirements applicable

to these will be mentioned. Respective national requirements

as

may be applicable are to be

observed.

1. Requirements

a. IMO - International Bulk Chemical Code IBC Code)

b. IMO - Bulk Chemical Code BCH Code)

c.

IMO - International Gas Carrier Code IGC Code)

d. IMO - Gas Carrier Code GC Code)

e. IMO - Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units

MODU Code)

f. lACS - Recommendation

No.

22, 1988, Recommendations for the classification

of

areas where flammable gas or vapour risks may arise to permit the proper selection

of

electrical equipment

g. SOLAS 1974, Chapter

11-2

Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire

extinction

h.

IEC Publication 92-502, Part 502 : Special features - Tankers

i. IEC Publication 79 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres

2.

Constructional Rules

of

iro

Klasifikasi Indonesia

a.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Seagoing Steel Ships, Volume IV,

Rules for Electrical Installations

b.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Inland Waterway Vessels,

Chapter

3

Electrical Installations

c. Rules for Mobile Offshore Drilling Units and Special Purposes Units, Section 13,

Electrical Installations, Section 14, Machinery Installations, Electrical Installations,

and So on

in

Hazardous Areas

d.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of High Speed Craft, Section 12,

Electrical Installations


12/74

2 Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

B

Fundamental Concepts and Definitions

1

Explosion

An explosion is a process

o

combustion taking place at extremely high speed,

characterized by high temperatures and a sharp increase

in

pressure, and

characteristically accompanied by a report and blast.

The following conditions have to be satisfied for

an

explosion to take place:

a

A potentially explosive atmosphere has to be present

in

the right concentration and

sufficient

volume.

b The potentially explosive atmosphere has to be ignited by an ignition source with

sufficient ignition energy see also item 2.4).

2

Characteristic values of materials

2 1

Flash point

The flash point

o

a combustible liquid

is

the lowest te

i

-:1perature referred to a pressure

o 760 mmHg) at which a vapour/air mixture inflammable by external ignition can form the

test liquid under specified conditions.

It

follows that a combustible liquid with a flash point higher than the prevailing ambient

temperature does not constitute an explosion hazard unless the liquid

is

heated above its

flash point. The flash point thus gives

an

indication of the degree

o

fire and explosion

hazard

o

the relevant liquid.

2 2 Ignition temperature

The lowest temperature at which a potentially explosive atmosphere

is

ignited

is

called the

ignition temperature. The ignition temperature of a potentially explosive atmosphere

is

not

a constant but strongly depends

on

external conditions. For this reason, it

is

always

necessary to specify the experimental conditions when stating the ignition temperature

o

a

potentially explosive atmosphere.


13/74


3

2.3 Explosion

limits

ignition limits)

The explosion limits indicate the concentration range within which the atmosphere is

potentially explosive. There is an upper explosion limit (UEL) and a lower explosion limit

(LEL). If the mixture is too lean or too rich,

an

explosion cannot take place, because there

is either too little combustible material or too little oxygen. The closer together the

explosion limits, the less hazardous the material concerned, due to the lower explosion

point and the flash point are close together.

i

16

4

upper

explosion

limit (UEL)J7

lower

explosion

(LEL)7

too

rich. non-explosion

combustible i

supplied

with

air.

/

O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

s

emperature

tIC

upper

explosion point

Explosion limits (example of ethyl alcohol)

% volume

indicates the proportion of a combustible material mixed with the available air


14/74


2 4 Minimum ignition energy

The minimum ignition energy is the smallest quantum of energy with which a potentially

explosive atmosphere can be ignited. The following are possible sources of ignition:

Hot surfaces

Flames and hot gases

Mechanically generated sparks

Electrically generated sparks arcs etc.

Static electricity

Lightning

Electromagnetic waves at radio frequencies and in the visible spectrum

Ionizing radiation

Ultrasound

Adiabatic compression

Chemical reactions.

2 5 Ignition propagation ability

The ignition propagation ability is the capability of hot gases to propagate ignition through

a gap of specified length and width. Ignition propagation does not occur below a

specified gap width as the energy of the flame has already been consumed. The

propagation ability of exploding mixtures through gaps varies as between different

combustible materials. An accurate knowledge of the ignition propagation ability is

important for flameproof facilities Ex d


15/74


5

The

principle parameters

of

materials which are conveyed on seagoing tankers are set

out in the table given in the appendix to these Guidelines. Some examples are given

below

for

the sake of illustration:

Explosion limits in air

(760 mmHg, 20 DC

Material

vapour

density

CIl

CIl

concentration u

r

0

l5

::J

U

0

e

W

W

C

L...

L...

9

( Volume)

( m

3

::J

::J

0

ro

r

c

0

C L...

L...

a

a W

W

. ii

..c

lower

upper

lower

upper

:z:;o

0

a

CIl

c

E

E 0..

r

u

OlW W

x

I--

W

Acetylene

-

1 5 82 0

16 0

880

305 T2

IIC

Ammonia

-

15 0

28 0

105 0

200

630

T1

IIA

Low-boiling nephta

21

0 7

5 0

-

-

~ 2 2

T3

IIA

Fuel-oil

>60

0 6 6 5

-

- 250 T3

IIA

Methane

-

5 0 15 0

33 0 100

595

T2

IIA

Methyl alcohol

11

5 5 26 5

73 0

410 455 T1

IIA

Kerosene

>40

0 6 8 0

-

-

~ 2 2

T3

IIA

Propane

- 2 1 9 5 39 0

180 470

T1

IIA

Propylene

-

2 0 11 7

35 0

210 455 T1 IIA

Carbon disulphide


16/74


4. Temperature classes

Combustible gases and vapours are classified in temperature classes in accordance with

their ignition temperatures,

as

shown below:

Ignition temperature

Temperature class according

o

combustible substances 0

C

to IEC 79 7 and 8

>450

T

>300

T2

>200

T3

>135

T4

>100

T5

>85

T6

The above values apply not only to electrical engineering but also to mechanical

assemblies such as

heat exchangers, pipework, etc. Such assemblies with high surface

temperatures, may only

be

used

in

explosion hazard areas if the surface temperature

does not exceed 80 of the ignition temperature of the relevant substance, due

allowance being made for accumulations of heat. Other sources of ignition are to be

avoided.

5

Types

o

ignition protection

These refer to measures adopted on electrical facilities to prevent ignition

o

the

surrounding potentially explosive atmosphere

by

these facilities. The principal facilities

used

on

board ships have the following types of ignition protection:

5 1

Flameproof enclosure Ex d

Parts

o

electrical facilities constituting sources of ignition are surrounded

by

pressure

tight but not completely gas-tight) casings, whose unavoidable sealing surfaces, cable

entries, penetrations of moving parts, etc., are rendered proof against ignition

propagation by limitation of gap lengths and widths e.g., motors and switches). Although

explosive mixtures penetrating into the casing may

be

ignited, ignition of the mixtures

outside the casing is prevented.


17/74


5 2 Pressurized enclosure Ex p

n this case, parts of electrical facilities liable to constitute sources of ignition e.g.,

control panels or machines) are bathed in fresh air or inert gas or kept under excess

pressure, in such a way that the explosive mixtures from the surrounding atmosphere

cannot penetrate to the parts which constitute sources of ignition.

5 3 Increased safety Ex e

Electrical facilities which do not constitute sources

o

ignition

in

normal service e.g., light

fittings, three-phase squirrel cage motors generators without sliprings and commutators

are protected against impermissible overheating in the event of faults, to avoid the risk of

ignition should a fault occur,

by

additional apparatus to limit current or voltages

e.g., protective cutouts with appropriate characteristics, temperature monitors).

Measures are also adopted to ensure that short-circuits are precluded with a high degree

of probability.

5 4 Special type of protection Ex s

Parts electrical facilities constituting sources of ignition are, for example, sealed in a

totally gas-tight enclosure, thus preventing access by explosive mixtures to the source of

ignition e.g., switches in closed, gas-tight glass vessels).

5 5 Intrinsic safety x i

The occurrence of sparks constituting sources of ignition and impermissible overheating

is

precluded by limitation of current and voltage. The energy

o

the circuits

is

less than

the minimum ignition energy e.g., in measuring, signalling and control systems).

5 6 Oil immersed Ex

This involves placing equipment in oil-filled tanks to prevent gas from reaching any arcs

that may

be

produced.


18/74


5.7

Sand filled x

q

Same idea as the oil immersed except that quartz sand is used rather than oil. An HRC

(High Rupture Capacity) fuse-link is sand filled.

6. Fields of

application

According to IEC 79-0, electrical facilities for explosion hazard areas are to be divided to

the following groups:

Group I

Group

Electrical facilities for mines with a firedamp hazard (mining)

Electrical facilities for explosion hazard areas.


19/74


C. Explosion Hazard Areas

Explosion hazard areas are ones

in

which a potentially explosive atmospheres may occur

in

a dangerous quantity. Identification of explosion hazard areas is often difficult, as these depend

substantially on the construction of the relevant parts of the ship, working conditions and the

characteristics and quantity of the explosive gas-air mixture to

be

expected.

In

assessment of

the concentration of the mixture, it should be remembered that most vapour/air mixtures are

heavier than air and therefore accumulate in the lower parts of rooms. Hydrogen, methane,

ammonia, acetylene, carbon monoxide and ethylene, on the other hand, are lighter than air and

therefore become distributed through out the room, with a stronger concentration at higher

levels.

The constructional measures used on ships and mobile offshore drilling units should in all cases

be directed towards minimizing the accumulation of hazardous gas-air mixtures. Such measures

on

tankers include, for example, gas displacement lines and high-speed valves, as well as

appropriate design of the tank deck, superstructures and entrances. The actual explosion

hazard areas can be limited

by

such measures. These measures are known as primary

explosion protection.

Other measures in the field of primary explosion protection are a high rate of air change in, or the

inertization of, hazard areas, disconnection of electrical facilities, e.g.,

on

cargo ships, during

transport of hazardous sea cargoes, and the installation of gas detection equipment.

Only when all design and constructional measures have been fully exploited should secondary

explosion protection measures

be

adopted - i.e., the electrical equipment for installation

in

the

still remaining hazard areas is to be of explosion-protected construction.

1.

lassification

of hazardous areas 1

1

It is appropriate for operational reasons to specify the extent of the protective measures in

accordance with the probability of occurrence of a potentially explosive atmosphere. For

this reason, explosion hazard areas are divided into zones.

For proper selection of electrical equipment in hazardous areas

of

ships carrying coal cargoes in bulk and ships

where oil or other liquids of similar hazard having flash point temperature not exceeding 60 0 C close cup test)

are handled, stored or processed reference are to be made to the lACS Reccmmendation, No. 22, 1988

see appendix

5


20/74

1


This zone classification is being used increasingly in the literature and in test certificates for

electrical facilities, and will therefore now be discussed in greater detail.

Zone 0

Zone 1

Zone 2

Covers areas in which a hazardous, potentially explosive atmosphere

is

present

constantly or

on

a long-term basis e.g., interior o cargo tanks, pipework and

other tanks and containers).

Covers areas in which a hazardous. potentially explosive atmosphere is liable to

occur occasionally e.g., the immediate area around Zone 0 and around loading

stations and degassing openings, where explosive mixtures may also occur

under normal working conditions).

Covers areas in which a hazardous, potentially explosive atmosphere is liable

to occur only seldom, and then only on a short-term basis e.g., areas

surrounding Zones 0 and 1 or areas in which explosive mixtures may occur on a

short-term basis in the event of faults or special working conditions)

Electrical facilities are to be selected in such a way that excessive temperatures cannot

arise and that the following conditions are met

in

the zones specified:

Zone 0

Zone 1

Zone 2

Ignition sources are avoided even

in

the case of faults occur rarely, e.g. ignition

protection Ex ia.

Ignition sources outside the facility are precluded even in the case o faults

liable to occur relatively frequently, e.g. , types o ignition protection Ex d p. e. s

and

ib.

Ignition sources are not liable to occur in the course o normal working e.g.,

three-phase squirrel cage motors), or in the case o facilities where ignition

sources are liable to occur in normal operation, a casing is present for protection

against the penetration short-term gas clouds minimum protection class IP 55).

Facilities to be installed in Zones 0 and 1 are to undergo

an

explosion protection test by

a recognized testing institution see E 3 and 4).


21/74


11

2

Cargo passenger and special purpose ships

Accumulations of potentially explosive atmospheres

in

dangerous quantities are liable

to occur occasionally

in

the following areas comparable with Zone

1)

:

2 1 Storage battery rooms.

2.2

Rooms containing acetylene and oxygen bottles

2 3 Rooms containing paint and kerosene lamps

2.4

Rooms for the storage of fuels with a flash point

of.::: 60C

2.5

Heated fuel tanks heating above 15

c

below flash point).

2 6 Holds for the transport of hazardous sea cargoes

2 7

Holds for the transport of motor vehicles driven

on

and off the ship under their own power,

as follows:

2 7 1

Cargo holds

on

cargo ships and enclosed motor vehicle decks

on

passenger ships above

the main deck up to a height of 45

cm

above deck.

2 7 2

Cargo holds

in

passenger ships below the main deck entire height) .

2 8

Cargo holds for dredging spoil.

Note:

Methane CH

4

and hydrogen sulphide

H

2

S) may be given off by dredging spoil.

Adjoining the direct explosion hazard area - for example, adjoining holds for motor vehicle

transport 2.7.1) - there may be extended hazard areas,

in

which a potentially explosive

atmosphere is liable to occur seldom, and then only

on

a short-term basis comparable

with Zone

2).

Such areas are for example, ones above a level of 45 cm right up to the

top

of

the hold, as specified

in

2.7.1.


22/74


3.

Tankers

The specification of the explosion hazard areas set out below applies only to tankers

including chemicals and gas tankers) with cargoes having a flash point of

6 C

comparable with Zones 0 and

1

.

3.1

Cargo tanks and cargo container systems.

3.2 Cofferdams adjoining cargo tanks.

3.3 Cargo pump rooms and cargo compressor rooms.

3.4 Closed or semi-enclosed rooms immediately above cargo tanks or with bulkheads above

or

in

line with cargo tank bulkheads.

3.5 Closed or semi-enclosed rooms directly above cargo pump rooms or above cofferdams

adjoining cargo tanks, unless these are separated from each other

by

a gas-tight deck

and adequately ventilated.

3.6 Rooms

in

which cargo hoses are stowed.

3.7 Other rooms serving

as

cofferdams, adjoining cargo tanks and extending to a level below

the upper edge of cargo tanks e.g., trunks, service gangways and cargo holds).

3.8 Areas

on

the open deck, including semi-enclosed rooms within a spherical radius

of 3 meters around tank outlets or outlets of pump rooms or cofferdams e.g., cargo tank

hatches, flanges, inspection ports, ventilation openings of pump rooms or cofferdams,

entrances to cargo pump rooms).

3.9 The open deck above cargo tanks,

plus 3 meters fore and aft and across the full width

of

the ship even if there are lateral ballast tanks),

up

to a height

of

2,4 meters above deck.

3.10 Closed or partially enclosed rooms having a direct opening to a hazard area.

3.11

Closed or partially enclosed rooms containing pipework through which cargo

is

conveyed.

3.12 If the cargo presents a greater hazard, for example, carbon disulphide the 3 meters

2,4 meters) areas mentioned above are to

be

extended to at least 4,5 meters.


23/74


3

3 13

Closed or partially enclosed rooms not in themselves presenting a hazard but having

openings to the hazardous area on the open deck are to

be

regarded

as

at risk, unless

they satisfy the following conditions e.g.,

on

gas tankers) :

a Access is by way of gas locks. There is to

be

an audible and visual alarm system

which gives a warning signal

on

both sides of the gas lock if the locking devices

on

more than one door are not completely closed.

b Excess air pressure relative to the external hazard area is present

c The excess pressure or air flow is to be monitored and, if the ventilation fails, an

audible and visual alarm is to

be

given and the power supply to all equipment not o

explosion-protected construction is to be disconnected automatically, if necessary

after a time lag. Equipment which presents a serious hazard if disconnected is not

to be disconnected.

d) All equipment which has to

be

operated even if the ventilation fails is to be of

explosion-protected construction e.g., lighting, general alarm and telephone).

e

Interlocking facilities are required to ensure that non-explosion-protected

equipment can only be connected after adequate prior ventilation, e.g., after at

least 10 changes of air.

Adjoining the direct explosion hazard areas there may

be

extended hazard areas where a

potentially explosive atmosphere is liable to occur seldom, and then only on a short-term

basis, under specific conditions, such as loading, unloading or degassing comparable

with Zone 2):

3 14 Areas

on

the entire open deck and above and aft of superstructures.

3 15 Areas in front of cargo tanks at the same level as, or below, the tank deck and having a

direct opening to the main deck.

3 16 Ventilated rooms above cofferdams adjoining cargo tanks and with oil-tight and gas-tight

separation from the latter.

3 17

Rooms for the installation of electric drive motors for cargo pumps or residuals pump

above pump rooms.


24/74

Explosion hazard areas

o

a tanker for cargo with a flashpoint 60 0 C example)

~ . ' . ' ~ , , Y ~ : - ~ ~ ' ~

~ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ~ ' ' , ' \ . . ~ , , ~ ~ ' ' ' ~ '

42V are to

be

of impact-resistant construction to IEC 79-0. Impact

resistant incandescent lamps are marked Ex .

d. Special

types of

prote tion Ex s

Type Ex s ignition protection refers

to

measures differing from the conditions of the other

ignition protection types and which ensure equipment safety

by

other means. This method

of protection

is

often used in conjunction with other types of ignition protection. It is most

usually achieved by encapsulation with epoxy resin. This is an economic method

achieving a high degree of protection against ignition hazards.

One of the possible applications

is

the encapsulation of connection chambers or linking

components between switch compartments with non-ignition propagating enclosures and

connection chambers with increased safety Ex e ignition protection. Electronic modules

are often resin-encapsulated.


38/74


e Intrinsic safety x i

A circuit is intrinsically safe if sparks or thermal agencies arising

in

normal operation (e.g.,

when the circuit is made or broken) or

in

the event of faults (e.g., short-circuits and earth

faults) cannot ignite a potentially explosive atmosphere.

Examples of application: Measuring, control, signalling and alarm equipment.

A definite and universally valid limit for the minimum ignition energy cannot

be

specified,

as many factors are involved, including the resistance, inductances and capacitances in

the circuit, the material of the contact electrodes and the form of the electrodes. The

intrinsic safety of a circuit may be cancelled out by external agencies, such as cable

capacitance or stray electrical and magnetic fields. Where necessary, the maximum

permissible inductances and capacitances within intrinsically safe circuits are specified in

the test certificates. However, a power of about 1 watt can

be

specified as a rough guide.

To prevent stray voltage effects from non-intrinsically-safe circuits, electrical separation,

e.g., by the use of transformers, relays or optocouplers, should preferably be used.

Safety barriers are also sometimes used, the effective voltage in the intrinsically safe

circuit here being limited by zener diodes, which afford protection without electrical

separation.

Only intrinsically safe circuits with separation from the ship's or unit's mains are

permissible

on

board tankers and mobile offshore drilling units. Where safety barriers are

used, additional electrical separation may also be necessary.

In equipment with intrinsically safe circuits for Zone 0 only the ia type of ignition

protection to l e 79-2, may be used, unless the test certificate expressly allows use in

Zone O Facilities, such as hermetically sealed contacts, for use in Zone 0 require special

approval, even if they are included in

an

intrinsically safe circuit Ex ia.


39/74


29

The type of ignition protection for equipment with intrinsically safe circuits for Zone 1 is to

be at least ib to IEC 79-2. Ordinary electrical facilities without a specified type of ignition

protection may

be

used within intrinsically safe circuits for use

in

Zone 1 provided that the

intrinsic safety of the circuit is not endangered

by

for example, additional capacitances

and inductances.

In measuring and control cabinets and similar equipment, the connection terminals are to

be located separately from those of non-intrinsically-safe circuits. This condition is

deemed to be met if there is an insulating partition or if the distance between the strips is

at least 50 mm. This also applies to the separation from each other of intrinsically safe

circuits

of

Zone 0 and Zone 1. Conductors of intrinsically safe circuits and other

conductors may not be run together in cables, lines, conduits and cable ducts. Only metal

sheathed or metal-shielded cables and lines may be used for permanent wiring. The

distance between cables of intrinsically safe circuits and other cables is to be at

least 50 mm.

Intrinsically safe circuit may not earthed and may not be connected together, unless this

expressly permitted

in

or required by the certificate, e.g, at safety barriers.

Cables, lines and intrinsically sate facilities which are not immediately recognizable as

belonging to the intrinsically safe system are to be coded; they may, for example, be

colour-coded light blue.

2 ortable electrical facilities

Only portable electrical facilities having their own power source may be used in the

explosion hazard area (Zones 0 and 1).

Exceptions are permissible only if the facility is supplied via an intrinsically safe

circuit Ex i.


40/74

3


A test requirement for portable electrical facilities is that they are to be dropped

in

working condition four times from a height of at least 1 meter on to a flat horizontal

concrete surface. This test may not cause any damage which impairs the ignition

protection of the electrical facility. Where it is possible for the facility to fall further e.g.

when being carried over a cargo tank measures are to

be

taken to protect the facility

from falling.

Portable lights for use on the tank deck and in cargo tanks should preferably be of the

type with Ex p ignition protection having a built-in generator driven by compressed air.

These lights have the advantage of requiring no electricity supply line and they are also

available for use in Zone

0.

Where portable electrical facilities are used it is essential to ensure that the type of

ignition protection is sufficient for the relevant application. To give as wide a range

o

application as possible the minimum requirement to be observed should be:

Temperature class T3

and for facilities with Ex d ignition protection additionally;

Explosion group

II

C.

In the case of facilities to

be

used

in

Zone

0

suitability for this use must be demonstrated.

Use of the above ignition group and explosion class takes account of the most frequently

occurring gas-air mixtures on board ships and mobile offshore drilling units thus as far as

possible precluding incorrect utilization.

It is recommended that all portable electrical facilities used on board tankers - e.g.

portable radio telephones torches etc. - be of explosion-protected construction whether

or not they are intended for use

in

the explosion hazard area.


41/74


31

3

Types

of

installation

The following main types of installation are used for explosion-protected electrical

facilities with type Ex d ignition protection:

1 Cable system indirect entry)

2 Direct cable entry

3 Conduit system direct entry)

Flameproof

equipment

chamber

Stuffing

box type

threaded connection

for

permanent

wiring diagram

Indirect entry

Cable system)

Flameproot

chaniber

Flameproof

cable armouring

Direct

entry

Cable system)

lion

er

Igni

b m

/ /

Equipment

chamber

explosion-proof)

t ~ l .

or

connect

conduit

mg line

Direct entry

Conduit system)


42/74


3 1 Indirect cable entries

In the cable system, high-grade cables and lines e.g., H07RN-F) are used and fed

indirectly into the flameproof casings of the electrical facilities. This type of installation is

based primarily on the lEG requirements.

With this system of installation, cables and lines are fed through cable entries into a

terminal box with type Ex e ignition protection and connected to the relevant terminals,

which are of type Ex e ignition protection. Individual conductors are taken from here

through cable entries into the flameproof enclosure containing the electrical facilities.

Where cables are liable to

be

mechanically damaged, they are to

be

run

in

conduits. To

avoid damage due to condensation, these conduits may not constitute a totally enclosed

system but are to have drain openings at low points.

3 2 Direct cable entry

With this system, it is possible to feed cables and lines directly into flameproof casings,

the necessary cables and lines and their entries forming part of the Ex d protective

measures. There are two main forms of this type of installation: the French system, with

non-armoured

cables, and the British system, whereby the cables are fed into the

flameproof enclosures by special screwed cable connections. It is essential to ensure

that the correct connections are used for the type of cable and its construction and for the

relevant site.

3 3 Conduit system

Only metal conduits with drawn-through or mineral-insulated cables are permitted

in

the

lEG Zones and 1

In

practice, metal conduits are usually used, while mineral-insulated

cables are employed primarily as heating lines and fire-resistant 2 signal and control

lines.

In the design of the conduit system, it is essential to ensure that each casing containing

electrical switchgear

is

separated from the connected conduits by ignition barriers. In

addition,

in

the case of long lengths and large diameters, supplementary ignition and gas

barriers are to be incorporated at specified intervals, to limit the explosion pressure in the

event o the ignition of any explosive mixture which may be present in the conduit.

2

Only conditional fire resistance is feasible


43/74

Siro Klasifikasi Indonesia

Fields o application for this system are offshore drilling platforms and American-type

process platforms.

Transitions from one installation system to another are permissible

in

all cases. Where

equipment subject to different requirements is installed together, the measures to e

taken are to e agreed upon with SKI.

One method of working transition from the conduit system to indirect cable entry and vice

versa is to use adaptor, whose flame proof chamber is assembled to the electrical

facility by means

o

the conduit system via a short length of conduit, usually without

ignition barriers. The electrical potential is fed from the flameproof chamber

o

the

adaptor via cable entries into a chamber with the increased safety type

o

ignition

protection, further connections being made by the usual techniques in this chamber.

4. Utilization o cargo passenger and special-purpose ships

For explosion hazard areas, see C.2.

The required types of ignition protection

in

the different explosion hazard areas are set

out in the following table. The ignition groups, and also the explosion classes for facilities

with Ex d type o ignition protection, are given. The values specified are minimum

requirements.

SKI's Construction Rules are to e observed concerning limitation

o

the use

o

electrical

facilities in explosion hazard areas.


44/74


Type

of

ignition protection in Explosion

Group and Temperature Class to

IEC

79

n accor-


dance

with C 2

Abbreviated description

d

p

e

s

i

2 1 Storage battery rooms

IIC

T1

T

T

T

T1

2 2 Acetylene and oxygen

bottle rooms

IICT2

T2

T2

T2

T2

2 3 Paint and kerosene lamp

liB

T3

T3 T3

T3

T3

rooms

A

Rooms for the storage of

T3

T3

fuels with a flash point of liB T3

T3

T3

~

60

0

C

2 5

Fuel tanks only when

T3

T3

T3

T3

heated above 15 0 below

IIAT3

flash point

2 6

Cargo holds for the

transport of hazardous sea

According to cargo

cargoes

2 7

Holds for c o n v e ~ n c e of

motor vehicles riven

on

and off under own power

2 7 1

On cargo ships and

enclosed motor vehicles

IIA

T3 T3

T3 T3 T3

decks above the main deck

on

p s s e n ~ e r

ships u ~ to a

maximum eight of 4 cm

2 7 2

Cargo holds on passenger

IIAT3

T3

T3 T3

T3

ships below the main deck

full height of hold)

2 8

carwo holds for dredging

IIA T3

spoi methane and

hydrogen sulphide)

T3

T3 T3

T3

5

tilization on tankers

and

mobile offshore drilling units

Only explosion-protected electrical facilities of at least the following ignition group and

explosion class may be used in the explosion hazard areas specified in C.3 and C for

seagoing ships and mobile offshore drilling units:


and, for facilities of type

Ex

d ignition protection, additionally;

Explosion group II

B


45/74


5

BKl s Construction Requirements on limitation of the use of electrical facilities in explosion

hazard areas are to be observed.

More stringent explosion protection requirements may be necessary in ships used for

transporting special cargoes, e.g., carbon disulphide:


and, for facilities with type Ex d protection, additionally;

Explosion group IIC.

Special measures

in

addition to the general requirements are to be stipulated in these

cases. In addition, when acids which do not normally present an explosion hazard are to

be transported, a reaction may occur if these acids come into contact with iron, hydrogen

being thereby released. The cargo tanks are to be constructed so that such a reaction

cannot take place, but adjacent areas which may come into contact with acid

in

the event

of

damage do require attention. These include all areas where acid may be present in

the event of damage - e.g., cofferdams and pump rooms.

Measures to prevent explosions

in

the event of accumulations of hydrogen are required

in

these areas:


and, in the case for facilities with type Ex d ignition protection, additionally;

Explosion group

II C.

Only explosion-protected circuits with ignition protection of type Ex i may be used in

areas where electrical assemblies come into direct contact with the cargo, e.g., in the

interior of cargo tanks, pipework, pumps, etc. (see Zone 0). Their suitability is to

be

confirmed

in

the test certificate for Zone 0 (

ia .

Type Ex s ignition protection may

possibly also be used.

All other types of ignition protection, including Ex i circuits not suitable for use in Zone 0

(ib), may not be used for this application. The identifying symbols for intrinsically safe

circuits for use in the interior of cargo tanks, pipework, pumps etc., are as follows; Ex

ia


46/74

6


Submerged pumps for use

on

gas tankers are excluded from these requirements.

Submerged pumps including their electric drive motors and supply cables may be

installed direct in the cargo tanks without any specific type of ignition protection but the

following conditions are then to be met:

i

The pump motors may only

be

operated below the surface of the liquid. Reliable

means of preventing operation in a gas-air mixture are required.

ii

Automatic disconnection with alarm

in

the cargo monitoring room is required

in

the

event of:

a

Low liquid level or

b

Low pump discharge pressure or

c Low motor current.

For safety reasons a combination of several disconnection criteria should be used with a

safety circuit - e.g. a 1-out-of-2 or preferably a 1-out-of-3 circuit.


47/74


37

E. Testing and

Identification

of Explosion-Protected Electrical Facilities

1.

Requirements

The following governs the construction and testing

of

explosion protected electrical

facilities:

lEG 79-0, General Requirements

lEG 79-2, Pressurized enclosure p

lEG 79-1, Flameproof enclosure d'

lEG 79-7, Increased safety e

lEG 79-11, Intrinsic safety i

Tests conducted

on

the basis

of

the equivalent standards will be recognized by SKI, if

their equivalence is demonstrated.

2. Testing and approval by Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

SKI does not conduct tests of electrical facilities to verify conformity with the explosion

protection requirements. Test certificates

of an

approved testing station (see E.3 and

E.4) confirming that the above requirements are satisfied, are to be submitted to

SKI.

Since these test requirements are based on the environmental and operating conditions

of shore installations,

an

assessment by SKI as to observance of the particular

environmental and operating conditions on board ships or mobile offshore drilling units is

required in addition to submission of the test certificate. The environmental conditions,

and hence the requirements, differ as between shore and marine installations

in

particular

in the following points:

Environmental

Shore installations

Ships (BKI and lEe 92-504)

conditions

Ambient temperature

C

45 0 C up to

60

0 C)

Vibration

-

General:

freq.

=2 - 80 Hz,

acc.

= 0,7 9

Specific: freq.

=

2

-100 Hz,

acc.

=

4 9

Atmospheric humidity

-

Up to 100 Relative Humidity at

45

0 C

Inclinations

-

Up to 45

0


48/74

8


Additional tests for the purposes of type approval may cover the following, depending on

the type

o

equipment:

Vibration test

Accelerated climatic test

High-temperature test

Salt mist test

Inclined orientation test

Reference should be made to the

Regulations for the Performance o Type

Tests.

In

addition to these tests,

SKI

will examine the equipment and its individual components

on board to verify the following:

i Observance of SKI's Instruction Requirements

ii Suitability of the facility for the site of installation and purpose

iii. Conformity of the test certificate number with the unit concerned, and compliance

with any other requirements

iv

Correct installation and wiring

v Functional test.

The installer

o

the explosion-protected electrical equipment is to supply

SKI

with

a confirmation

o

explosion-protected construction of the electrical equipment in explosion

hazard areas on form F.212-2000.


49/74


39

3 pproved testing stations

According to IEC 79-9, the following testing stations (examples) are approved in various

countries:

Austria

Belgium

Canada

France

Germany

Italy

Japan

Norway

UK

USA

EVTA (Elektrotechnische Vershucanstalt)

INIEX (Institut National des Industries Extractives)

CSA (The Canadian Standards Association)

CERCHAR (Laboratoire de Centre d Etudes et Recherces des

Chabonages de France)

LCIE (Laboratorie Central des Industries Electriques)

PTB (Physikalisch Technische Bundensantalt)

BVS (Bergwerkschaftliche Versuchsstrecke)

CESI (Cestro Electrotechnico Sperimentale Italiano)

REIS (Research Institute of Industrial Safety)

SRI (Ships Research Institute)

NEMKO (Norges Elektriske Materiellkontroll)

BASEEFA (British Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment

in

Flammable Atmospheres)

FM

(Factory Mutual Research Corporation)

UL (Underwriters Laboratories)

Identification of explosion-protected facilities (examples) : IEC identification letters

Types

of

ignition protection lEe Publication

79

d

Ex d IIA T3

p

Ex P II T1

e

Ex ell T3

i

Ex ia IIC T5

Ex ib liB T5


50/74

40

Biro Klasifikasi

Indonesia

4. List of international explosion protection provisions and code letters used

J l

c

c

0

II>

c

l

1:

J

E

0 ;:J

c

l

;0

1:

OJ

11

l

6

.. 11>

0

e

c

s

11

Co

i

u

0 Co

c

g

;:;

" l

W

E

;:J

c

1:

6

u

2

.gJ

6

e

II>

f

.

Co

m

l

,

.5

D>

""

rn

I I > ~

e

11

~

.I I

e, =

tlW

c

c

c

0

.::

OJ

Co

I

I I )

.sOl

u=s

i

.Y

e:

D>

0.0

.

i

:8

rn

;:J

iii

8.

.2

OJ

rn

c

"iG

Ole:

11

:z;-g

~

.,

e:

l

E

OJ

""

~ ~

aVi

u

l

'1:

.s: OJ

0 .. 0

:s

c

)

().

f:

) )

Il..

f: Do

I f )

ustria A OVE 171 OVE 165 cab

Ex d

13n

e

1

i

s

GlG5

EVTA

Wien

Electr. Gas

Belgium B d:#8#286

Reg. gen

cab+ Ex

ADF

I, e

N.O,

0,1,2 IN EX

e:#8#717 con

lIa..,

(SA) (SI) (i)

P,Q

end

3

C.E.B

1:#8#683

p:#8#716

2c-f

Gl-G5

Canada

CON

CSAStd. CSASld. con

Exp C.1.1 DA

.

.

TlT6

1,2 CSA

C22.2 No.3D C.22.1

CSA

Endosures)

(Ind.)

(SA

C.22.2 C.22.5

No.145

(for mines)

(MoIolS)

CENELEC CLC CC31

EX d I, e p l a b

TlT6

EG

Harmonis

EEx IIA-C

Denmark

OK

Reg.

fsinit cab Ex


51/74


41

5 Examples of the identification of explosion protected electrical facilities with the

flame proof enclosure d type of ignition protection by explosion groups

Explosion groups to IEC

I

II

liB

IIC

Hydrogen H2

Example for gases

Methane

Benzene

Ethylene

Carbon disul-

CH

4

C

n

H

+

2

CH

2

-CH

2

phide CS

2

Acetylene

CH-CH

Austria

A

Sch) d

Ex)

d1

Ex)d2

Ex) d3a, 3b, 3c

Belgium

B

Ex I

Ex lIa

Ex lib

Ex IIc

CSSR

CS

Ex3M

Ex

3 P

Ex 3 S

Ex3 H

2

, CS

2

, C

2

H

2

France

F

ADFGI

ADFGII

ADFGIII

ADF GIV

Germany

D

Sch) d

Ex)d 1

Ex)d 2

Ex) d 3a, 3b, 3c

Hungary

H

Sb-n I

Rb-n II

Rb-n

III

Rb-n IVa, IVb, IVc

Int. Elect

IEC

Exd I

Exd

II

A

Exd

liB

Exd

IIC

Comm.

Jugoslavia

J

S t I

StllA

StllB

S t IIC.

Netherlands

NL

1M

1

II

1

III

1 IV

NEM 3125

ExF

IIA

Ex F liB ExF IIC

Poland

PL

BM

Ex-M IIA-

Ex-M

III

Ex-M IVa, IVb, Ivc

Russia

R

BI

B

B3 B4

PB

a

Sweden

S

xt1

x t xt3

Switzerland

CH

Ex)d1

Ex)d2 Ex) d3

United Kingdom

UK Ex FLP

Gr 1

Ex

FLP

Gr II

Ex FLP

Gr

III Ex FLP Gr.

III

United State

of

USA C1.1.Gr. D

C1.I.GrD

C1.I. Gr. C C1.I.Gr,B,B,A

America


52/74


F Explosion Hazard from Dust air Mixtures

1 Basic concepts

n

addition to the hazard of potentially explosive gas-air mixtures discussed above, there

may also

be

a hazard due to potentially explosive dust-air mixtures. The main possible

sources of ignition are the forms of energy mentioned

in

B.2.4. Inflammability from hot

surfaces is particularly important with dust-air mixtures.

Self-ignition due to high temperatures

is

possible. The ignition temperature of a dust-air

mixture

is

defined as the lowest temperature of a hot surface which still gives rise to ignition

of a dust-air mixture blown

on

to that surface. Self-ignition initially causes a smouldering or

glowing fire, which may cause the dust-air mixture to explode. The smouldering

temperature of deposited dust is defined as the lowest temperature of a heated, exposed

surface at which a 5

mm

thick layer of dust

on

this surface is ignited and smoulders) . The

smouldering temperature may

be

substantially lower

in

the event of additional thermal

insulation, e.g., by thicker deposits of dust, or if the dust

is

particularly fine.

A smouldering fire

in

a dust deposit is always provoked at lower temperatures than

explosion of the same dust as a dust-air mixture. However, although the smouldering fire is

harmless

in

itself, the dust particles may be stirred up and constitute a source of ignition for

a dust-air mixture,

so

that the smouldering temperature

is

a very important safety parameter

of dusts. As

in

the case of gases and vapours of combustible liquids, dust-air mixtures also

have a lower and an upper explosion limit see B.2.3), i.e., they also have an ignition range.

The lower explosion limit of the more common combustible technical dusts can

be

estimated

from the visibility.

If a 25 W incandescent lamp can no longer

be

seen from a distance of 2 meters, a dust-air

mixture between the eye and the lamp will then have approximately reached the lower

explosion limit.


53/74


43

The following table sets out some characteristics of the principle

Particle size Bulk density Smouldering

Ignition

Dusts

IJm

kg/l

temperature

temperature

5

mm

thickness)

from

to

of a hot surface C

Soot

10

20

535

>690

Iron dust

100

150

1,6

240

430

Zinc

10

15

4,9

430

530

Rye flour

50

100

0,19

305

430

- 500

Fishmeal 80 100

0,66

carbonized,

charred

485

Peat mould

300

500

0,07

295

420

Lignite

2

3

0,3 - 0,4

260

350 - 450

Coking coal

5

10

0,42

280

610

Charcoal

1

2

0,36

340

595

2


Explosion hazard areas are ones

in

which a potentially explosive atmosphere may occur

owing to a dangerous quantity of a dust-air mixture. These areas are classified

in

zones

in

the same way as for shore installations and

by

similar criteria to those set out in C.1, but

the zone identification differs:

Zone 10 Covers areas in which a dangerous potentially explosive atmosphere is present

because of dust for a long period or frequently.

Zone

11

Covers areas where a dangerous potentially explosive atmosphere may

occasionally occur for a short-period owing to the raising of deposited dust

e.g., bulk product cargo holds).

3 Construction

testing

and use of electrical facilities with

dust

explosion protection

Where facilities are used

in

areas presenting a dust explosion hazard, such as cargo holds,

it should be remembered that not only dust-air mixtures but also gas-air mixtures constitute

a potential explosion hazard, as for example with cargoes of gas-releasing coal.

In

such

cases, only facilities protected against both hazards may be used.


54/74


3 1 Requirements for electrical facilities

in

Zone 10

Only facilities specifically approved for this purpose, and intrinsically safe circuits with type

Ex i Zone 0 ia) protection, may be used.

3 2 Requirements for electrical facilities

in

Zone

11

Facilities without specific approval may

be

used, but they must satisfy at least the

following requirements:

3 2 1

The facilities are to be so constructed that neither potentially explosive dust-air mixtures

nor dangerous deposits of dust can form inside them. These requirements are met if the

facilities conform at least to protection class IP 55.

3 2 2

The surface temperature of the facilities may not be high enough for it to be possible for

raised dust or dust deposited on the facilities to be ignited. For this purpose, the following

conditions are to be met:

a The surface temperature may not exceed 2/3 of the ignition temperature in D

of the relevant dust-air mixture.

b

On surfaces on which the dangerous deposition of dust liable to smoulder is

not effectively prevented, the surface temperature may not exceed the

smouldering temperature of the relevant dust less 75

K.

c) The relevant surface temperature is the lower of the values determined in

accordance with a and b .

d) Facilities are to be marked with the surface temperature occurring during

continuous operation if this exceeds 80 DC. The surface temperature is to be

related to

an

ambient temperature of 45 DC.

3 2 3

Facilities with the types of ignition protection specified in

0.1

may be used provided that

the requirements of 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 are met.

3 2 4

Sodium vapour lamps may not

be

used. Ballasts o fluorescent lamps are to be protected

by temperature-limiting devices unless the surface temperature required by 3.2.2

is

not

exceeded even in the event of a short-circuit.


55/74

Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia 45

3 2 5 Power sockets are to

be

oriented

so

that the plug opening points downwards. Insertion

and removal of the plug may

be

possible only with the power off. When the plug is not

inserted the plug opening of the socket is to be closed off with a captive cover in such a

way that the conditions of protection

P

55 are satisfied. Sockets are to be permanently

installed. Coupler plugs and sockets and adaptors may not be used.


56/74

APPENDIXES

Appendix :

Appendix :

Appendix

3:

Appendix 4:

Appendix

5:

Oil products

Gases

Petrochemical product may be equated with oil

products with regard to explosion hazard

Chemicals

lACS Recommendation No. 22 1988


57/74


6

Appendix : Oil Products

Name

o

substance

Flash pOint

Explosion

Temperature

Explosion

0C)

group

class

protection

Petrol

< 20

IIA

T3

X

Jet fuel

< 20

IIA

T3

X

Diesel fuel

>60

IIA

T3

-

Petroleum

>21

IIA

T3

X

Fuel oil light/medium)

>60

IIA

T3

-

Fuel oil heavy)

>65

IIA

T3

-

Petroleum ether

< 20

IIA

T3

X

Kerosene

IIA

T3

X

Lubricating oil

>100

-

Appendix 2

Gases

Name of substance Flash pOint Explosion Temperature

Explosion

0C)

group class

protection

Acetylene

-

IIC T2

X

Ammonia -

IIA T1

X

Butane

-

IIA

T2

X

Butylene

-

IIA T2

X

Natural gas methane)

-

IIA

T2

X

Liquefied gas

-

IIA

T2

X

Coking gas

-

liB

T1

X

Coal gas town gas)

-

liB

T1

X

Motor methane

-

IIA T1

X

Propane

- IIA T1

X

Propylene

-

IIA T1

X

Hydrogen sulphide

-

IIA

T3

X

hydrogen

-

IIC

T1

X


58/74

47


Appendix

Petrochemical product which may

e

equated with oil products

with regard to explosion hazard

n

n

c

a..

ro

0

)

:::l

3

:p

0

u

0

Q

0>

::l

0

Name of

c

c

0

r

a..

substance

a..

. ii

Q

c

..c

0

a..

0

n

c

E

:B

ro

>

a..

)

:::l

0

e

0>

ame of

c

c

0

0

substance

a..

. ii

..c

0

n

c

r

> 7

sec-n

Diacetone alcohol

58

IIA

Amyl alcohol-sec-

30

IIA

X

iso

Dibutyl phthalate

166

Amyl alcohol-tert

30

IIA

T2

X

Dicyclopentadiene

32

IIA

Benzyl alcohol

100

T2

Diethylbenzene

56 IIA

Butyl acetate-iso

18

IIA

T2

X

Diethylene glycol

124

Butyl acetate-n

22

IIA T2

X

Diethylene glycol

82

Butyl acetate-sec

19

IIA

T1

X

diethyl ether

Butyl alcohol-iso

27

IIA

T2

X

Diethylene glycol

107

Butyl alcohol-n

29 IIA

T2

X

monobuthyl ether

Butyl alcohol-sec

24

IIA

T2

X

Diethylene glycol

116

monobuthyl ether

Butyl alcohol-tert

11

IIA

T1

X

acetate

Butyl benzyl

199

Diethylene glycol

96

phthalete

monoethyl

ether

Butylene glycol

>65

T2

Diethylene glycol

110

monoethyl ether

Gamma-

98

acetate

Butyrolactone

Diethylene glycol

93

Cumene

31

X

monomethyl ether

Cyclohexane

18

IIA

T3

X

Diethylene glycol

82

Cyclohexanol

68

monomethyl ether

acetate

n

c

n

r

0

3

1:5

Q

::l

0

a..

Q

c

a..

0

E

E

c

2>

T2

X

T3

T3

T2 X

X

T1

X

T3

X

T2

X

T3

T3

-

X


59/74


Appendix 3

Petrochemical

product

which may be equated with

oil products

with regard to

explosion

hazard (continued)

I / )

c

/)

a.

U

0

0

:::J

3

0

e

2

Name

of

substance

-

Ol

:::J

0

C

C

5

0

a.

a.

n

Q

c

.c

0

a.

0

I / )

a.

E

e

ttl

x

Q

c

u

W

E

a.

0

:::J

0

rn

Name of substance

+ -

C

C

0

0

a.

'in

.c

0

I / )

a.

ttl

X

u

W

Diisooctyl

204

-

Ethylene glycol

49

IIA

phthalate

monomethyl ether

Dioctyl phthalate

218

acetate

-

Dipentene 45

IIA

T3

X

Ethylene glycol

121

monophenyl ether

Dipenyl ether

115 T1 -

Farmamide

154

Dipropylene glycol 138

-

Furfuryl alcohol

65

Dipropylene glycol

85 -

monomethyl ether

Glycerine

160

Dodecyl alcohol

>100

-

Heptane-n

4

IIA

Dodecyl benzene 130

-

Heptanol-all

74

isomers

Dodecyl phenol 163

-

Heptene


60/74

49

Biro Klasifikasi

Indonesia

Appendix

Petrochemical product which may be

equated

with oil products

with

regard

to explosion hazard continued)

en

en

c

0

co

0

)

::l

0

:;:::;

0


61/74


50

Appendix

: Chemicals

f/

f/

c

a.

ro 0

)

::J

U

U

e

Q) Q)

C

0>

0

ame of substance

::J

c

ro

0

0

a.

a.

'iii

Q)

c

r:

0

a.

0

f/

a.

E

E

ro

x

Q)

c

u

W

l

E

f/

f/

c

a.

ro

0

)

::J

U

:5

e

Q)

2

>

Name of substance

C

::J

e

.

0

.Q

a.

a.

f/

Q)

c

r: 0

a.

2

/

a.

E

ro

x

Q)

'c

u

W

l

E

Acetic Acid

40

IIA

T1

X

Carbon Tetrachloride

Acetic Anhydride

49

IIA

T2

X

Caustic Potash

Acetone

75

Solution

Cyanohydrin

Caustic Soda

Acetonitrile 2 IIA

T1

X

Solution

Acrylic Acid

54

X

Chlorobenzene

28

IIA

T1

X

Acrylonitrile

-5

liB T1

X

Chlorethanol-2

55

IIA T1

X

Adiponitrile

93

Chloroform

Allyl Alcohol

21

liB

T2

X

Chlorohydrins,

IIA

X

Crude

Ally Chloride

81

T1

isomers)

n-Butyl Acrylate

41

X

Crotonaldehyde

13

liB T3

X

iso-Butyl Acrylate

X

Cyclohexanone

43

IIA T2 X

n-Butyl Ether 25

X

Cyclohexylamine 32 IIA T3

X

Butyl methacrylate 54

X

Decyl Acrylate

n-Butyraldehyde


62/74

5

Biro Klasifikasi

Indonesia

Appendix : Chemicals

continued)

n

c

n

a.

ro

0

0

::J

U

:;:;

0

u

Name of substance

0

Q

OJ

......

......

::J

0

C

C

......

0

0

ro

a.

a.

00

Q

c

..c

0

a.

0

n

0..

E

:e

ro

x

Q)

c

u::

w

r-

OJ

n

c

n

a.

ro

0

0

::J

U

:;:;

0

u

Name of substance

0

2

......

OJ

::J

e

c

......

0

0

a.

a.

00

Q

c

..c

0

a.

0

n

0..

E

:;:;

ro

x

Q)

'c

u::

w

r-

.. 2>

Formaldehyde

1,2 Dichcloropropane 15 IIA

T1

X Solutions (45 or

>50

liB

T2

X

1,3 Dichcloropropene

29

IIA

X

less)

Formic Acid

69

T1 X

Diethanolamine

138

T1

-

Furfural

60 IIA

T2 X

Dietheylamine


63/74

Biro

Klasifikasi

Indonesia

52

Appendix 4 :

Chemicals

continued)

IJ

IJ

c:

0..

ro 0

)

:::l

U

:0::;

e

t

0

Q) Q)

-

0>

L .

-

ame

o

substance

:::l

e

:

c:

-

0

0

0..

0..

iii

Q) c:

c:

0

0..

0

IJ

Ci

E

E

ro

>

Q)

c:

u

W

l-

E>

IJ

IJ

c:

0..

ro

0

)

:::l

U

:0::;

0

t

0

L .

0>

Name

o

substance

C

:::l

e

0

c:

0..

0

0..

iii

Q)

c:

..c:

0

0..

2IJ

Ci

E

co

>

Q)

u

W

l -

E>

ortho-Nitrotoluene

106

-

Sulfuric Acid

-

-

-

-

para-Nitrotoluene

106

-

Sulfuric Acid

-

-

-

-

Oleum

-

-

-

-

(Spent)

Paraldehyde

17

T3

X

Tetrachloroethane

-

Pentachlorothane

-

Tetrahyd rofu ran

-17

liB

T3

X

Phenol

79

T1

-

Toluene

135

-

Diisocyanate

Phosphoric Acid

-

-

-

-

Trichloroethylene

32

IIA

T2

-

Phosphorus

-

-

-

-

(yellow

or

white)

Tricresyl

-

Phosphate

238

Phthalic

152

T1

-

1 % ortho-)

Anhydride

Triethanolamine

179

-

B-Propiolactone

74

-

Triethylamin

25. Guidelines for the Explosion Protection of Electrical Equipment

Documents

Transcript of 25. Guidelines for the Explosion Protection of Electrical Equipment