23470026 Upsr Science
Transcript of 23470026 Upsr Science
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Eclipses
Minda Kreatif
The apparatus shown above is to simulate a natural phenomenon that involvesthe Sun, the Moon and the Earth.
(i) What is the phenomenon shown above?
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(ii) How does the phenomenon occur?
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(iii) an !ou observe the phenomenon shown above at all places on Earth and at
the same time?
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(iv) What is represented b! the torchli"ht, the pin" pon" ball and the "lobe?
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Section A - PAPER 1
Multiple Choice Questions 1 3
Choose the correct answer.
onstruct # $nowled"e in science%evel # eas!
1. Which o& the &ollowin" properties o& li"ht causes eclipses to occur?
A
'e&lection o& li"ht
B
'e&raction o& li"ht
C
ispersion o& li"ht
%i"ht travels in a strai"ht line.
onstruct # nderstandin" in science%evel # Moderate
! Which o& the &ollowin" is true about the eclipse o& the Moon.
A
an onl! be seen b! people livin" at the Earth*s e+uator.
B
partial eclipse o& the Moon occurs when the Moon is in the umbrare"ion.
C
The eclipse o& the Moon occurs at a ver! short period o& time.
The eclipse o& the Moon occurs when the Earth, the Moon and the Sunare ali"ned in a strai"ht line.
onstruct # nderstandin" in science%evel # Moderate
3 Which o& the &ollowin" shows the correct positions o& the Earth, the Sun andthe Moon durin" a lunar eclipse?
A
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B
C
Ans"er # E$planation
Section A
-. Ans"er
EplanationSince li"ht travels in a strai"ht line, a shadow is &ormedwhen the path o& the li"ht is bloc/ed b! an opa+ue ob0ect.
1. Ans"er
Eplanation2ption is wron" because the eclipse o& the Moon can beseen an!where on Earth.2ption 3 is wron" because + partial eclipse o& the Moonoccurs when the Moon is in the penumbra re"ion.
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2ption is wron" because an eclipse o& the Moon occurs
4. Ans"er% B
Eplanation lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is between the Sunand the Moon.
Pen&urusan 'rafi(
Ru)u(an
*he Eclipse Pheno+enon
-. The Earth revolves around the Sun and at the same timethe Moon revolves around the Earth.
1. The position o& the Moon, and the Earth chan"escontinuousl! in their respective orbits. t certain times, theSun, Earth and the Moon are ali"ned in a strai"ht line. tsuch time, eclipses occur.
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4. There are two t!pes o& eclipse5(i) Eclipse o& the moon or lunar eclipse.(ii) Eclipse o& the sun or solar eclipse.
6. 2ne o& the properties o& li"ht is that it travels in a straight
line. When the ra! o& li"ht is bloc/ed b! an opa+ue ob0ect, ashadow is &ormed.
7. The Earth and the moon are opa+ue ob0ects. When sunli"htis bloc/ed b! the Earth or the Moon, the Earth*s or theMoon*s shadow is &ormed.
8. There are 1 t!pes o& the Earth*s or the Moon*s shadow thatcan be &ormed.
(i) mbra 9 a dar/ shadow re"ion
(ii) :enumbra 9 a li"ht shadow re"ion. This re"ion receivesa little bit o& sunli"ht.
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Eclipse ,f *he Moon
-. n eclipse o& the Moon occurs i&5(a) The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are in a strai"ht line.(b) The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon
1. The shadow o& the Earth &alls on the sur&ace o& the Moon.This causes the Moon not to be seen &or a while whenobserved &rom the Earth.
4. When the Moon is in the penumbra re"ion, a partial eclipseo& the Moon is observed. t this point, the moon loo/s li/e acrescent when observed &rom the Earth.
6. When the Moon is in the umbra re"ion, a total eclipse o& theMoon is observed. The Moon cannot be seen at all &rom the
Earth.
7. lunar eclipse lasts lon"er than a solar eclipse because theshadow o& the Earth is bi""er than that o& the Moon.
The photo"raph above shows the phases o& the moon asseen in the cit! o& ;eneva on -8 September, -
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The picture is ta/en b! Martial Trezzini.
*ip
>mportant notes to remember on eclipses5
How it happens Wh! it happens
The position o& the Sun the Moon and the Earthwhen it happens
Eclipses
e+aran Ker)a
Fill in the blanks with the correct words taken from the box above.
-. shadow is &ormed when the path o& li"ht is bloc/ed b! an _________ob0ect.
1. The dar/ re"ion area is /nown as the ________whereas the li"ht re"ion is/nown as the ____________.
4. The eclipse o& the moon occurs when ___________is situated between the
Moon and the Sun.
6. When the Moon is in the penumbra re"ion. >t loo/s __________in shape whenseen &rom the Earth.
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Ans"ers
-. opa+ue
1. umbra, penumbra
4. Earth
6. crescent
/riction
Minda Kreatif
-. :ush a to! truc/ on the sur&ace o& a table. What happens to the to! truc/?
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1. The to! truc/ will &inall! slows down and come to a stop. Wh! does thishappen?
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4. ow push the same to! truc/ on a smoother sur&ace such as a piece o& "lass.o !ou observe an! chan"es in the movement o& the to! truc/?
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6. :ut some wei"hts on the to! truc/ and push it across the sur&ace o& the tableas in (-). oes the to! truc/ stop &aster or slower than the previous time?
______________________________________________________
7. What conclusion can !ou ma/e &rom this activit!?
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______________________________________________________
3>M3>;
Construct : Understanding in scienceLevel : as!
1 Which o& the &ollowin" sur&aces will produce the "reatest &rictional &orce?
A
;lass
B
Sil/ cloth
C
:l!wood
Sand paper
Construct : Understanding in scienceLevel : Moderate
! Which o& the &ollowin" statements is trueabout &rictional &orce? > @riction produces heat.
>> @riction opposes motion.>>> @riction can be reduced b! usin" ball bearin"s.>A
The distance travelled b! a movin" ob0ect is shorter when there is more&riction.
A
> and >> onl!
B
>> and >>> onl!
C
>, >> and >>> onl!
>, >>, >>> and >A
Construct : "#lication in scienceLevel : Moderate
3 Which o& the &ollowin" is the application o& &riction in ever!da! li&e?> sin" spi/es or studs on the bottom o& shoes.>> sin" tread patterns on shoes and t!res.>>> ppl!in" resin on the bow o& violins.>A
'ubbin" chal/ on the tip o& the billiard cue.
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A
> and >> onl!
B
> and >>> onl!
C
>, >> and >>> onl!
>, >>, >>> and >A
Construct : "nal!sis in scienceLevel : $ifficult
0 >n which o& the &ollowin" situations is the &rictional &orce the "reatest&riction?
A
B
C
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Ans"er # E$planation
-.Ans"er B
E$planation>n comparison, the sand paper has the rou"hest sur&ace.Hence it will produce the "reatest &rictional &orce.
1.Ans"er
E$planationll o& the above is correct.
4.Ans"er A
E$planationll o& the options are correct.
6.Ans"er C
E$planationll wooden bloc/s are o& the same wei"ht. Hence theamount o& &orce eerted is the same. The onl! di&&erenceis the t!pe o& sur&ace. The concrete sur&ace is therou"hest and there&ore will produce the "reatest &riction.
*ips
To answer this +uestion, the pupils must anal!se all thesituations care&ull! and ma/e conclusions based on the
in&ormation "iven. :upils must identi&! the &ied variable inall &our situations (in this case, the wei"ht o& the woodenbloc/). The &ied variable will contribute the same e&&ect onall &our situations. Then identi&! the manipulated variable (inthis case, the t!pe o& sur&ace). hoose the manipulatedvariable that will produce the "reatest &riction.
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otes
/R2C*2,
@rictional &orce or &riction is a &orce "enerated whentwo sur&aces come into contact.
@riction alwa!s acts in the opposite direction o&motion.
@riction slows down a movin" ob0ect.
'ou"h sur&aces produces more &riction than asmooth one.
@rictional &orce is "reater when an ob0ect is heavier.
/AC*,RS *A* A//EC* /R2C*2,
4ei&ht ,f ,)ect The heavier the ob0ect the "reater isthe &riction.
Eample # bi""er bo is more di&&icult to push than asmaller bo across the same sur&ace.
*5pe of surface - rou"her sur&ace will produce more&riction than a smoother sur&ace.
Eample# The same bo will be harder to push on awooden sur&ace compared to a "lass sur&ace.
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2nteraction A+on& i6in& *hin&s
Minda Kreatif
"roup o& !ear 8 pupils carr! out an investi"ation to determine the e&&ect o& plantin" plantsclose to each other and &urther &rom each other.
:ot contains plants that are planted close to each other whereas :ot 3 contains plants thatare planted &urther &rom each other. The plants are planted in two pots o& the same siBe and&illed with the same amount and t!pe o& soil. The plants in both pots are o& the same speciesand received the same amount o& nutrients and water.
@i"ure - and @i"ure 1 show the condition o& the plants a&ter a &ew wee/s.
-. Which plants show a better "rowth?
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1. Wh! do the plants in pot have poor "rowth?
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4. What /ind o& interaction occurs amon" the plants in both pots?
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6. What do the plants in both pots compete &or?
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7. What can be done to relieve the condition in :ot ?
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Analisa Soalan
Section AQuestions 1 - 3Choose the correct answer.
1 ompetition eists amon" livin" thin"s that
A
live in the same habitat.
B
need the same resources.
C
are o& the same species.
need the same and limited resources.
! nimals that live in the same habitat compete &or
> water
>> &ood
>>> mate>A
sunli"ht
A
> and >> onl!
B
>> and >>> onl!
C
>, >> and >>> onl!
>, >> and >A onl!
3 Which o& the &ollowin" is the wa! in which plants with so&t stems compete with bi""er andtaller trees &or sunli"ht?
A
3! producin" more chloroph!ll to absorb sunli"ht
3! havin" a sturdier and stron"er root s!stem.
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B
C
3! climbin" bi""er trees
3! havin" bi""er leaves
0 The dia"ram shows a &ood web in a communit!.
Which animal is the source o& competition amon" the ea"le and the sna/e?.
A
'at
B
'obin
C
:add! plant
'at and robin
7 &armer puts -7 rabbits in a small ca"e and provide s them with limited &ood. Which o& the&ollowin" will notreduce the competition amon" the rabbits?
A
>ncreasin" the &ood suppl!.
B
'emovin" a &ew rabbits &rom the ca"e.
C
:uttin" the rabbits in a bi""er ca"e.
:uttin" the rabbits in a smaller ca"e.
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SEC*2, B
%rite !our answer in the s#ace #roviden below.
A8i8ul and A+in are ha6in& a con6ersation in Pa( a+id9s and Pa( Busu9sorchard.
BiBul #Wow, the rambutans in :a/ Hamid*s orchard are bi" and abundant.
min #Des, !ou are ri"ht BiBul, but the rambutans in :a/ 3usu*s orchardare small and less abundant.
BiBul id !ou also notice that :a/ 3usu*s orchard is &ull o& weeds andunder"rowth?
min #Des. >n :a/ 3usu*s orchard there are a lot o& an"sana trees that arebi""er and taller than the rambutan trees.
(a) 3uild an in&erence based on the +uantit! o& rambutans in :a/ Hamid*s and:a/ 3usu*s orchard.
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(b) What h!pothesis can !ou ma/e based on !our answer in (a) above?
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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() :redict what will happen to the rambutan trees in :a/ 3usu*s orchard i& he
cuts down some o& the an"sana trees.
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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................................................................................................................
Ans"er # E$planation
Section A
-. Ans"er % E$planation % is the best answer. ompetition occursamon" livin" thin"s that need the same and limitedresources at a particular time.
1. Ans"er % CE$planation %nimals compete &or &ood, water, space andmate. nimals do not compete &or sunli"ht because animalsdo not need sunli"ht to ma/e &ood.
4. Ans"er % CE$planation % :lants with so&t stems adapt themselves b!climbin", coilin" or livin" on tall trees.
6. Ans"er % AE$planation %@rom the &ood web shown, the rat is thesource o& &ood &or both the sna/e and the ea"le. There&orethe rat is the source o& competition amon" the ea"le and thesna/e.
7. Ans"er % E$planation %rampin" the rabbits in a smaller ca"e will notreduce the competition amon" the rabbits. The rabbits willcompete more with one another &or the limited space.
Section B
-.(a) The number o& rambutans in :a/ Hamid*s orchard is more than in :a/3usu*s orchard because the rambutan trees in :a/ Hamid*s orchardreceive more sunli"ht water nutrients less competition than the rambutantrees in :a/ 3usu*s orchard.
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(b) Eamples o& acceptable answers(i) >& the rambutan trees receive more sunli"ht, the! will produce more
&ruits.
(ii) >& the rambutan trees receive more nutrients, the! will produce more&ruits.
(iii) The lesser the competition received b! the rambutan trees, the more
&ruits the! will produce.
(c) The +uantit! o& &ruits produced b! the rambutan tree increases.
The rambutan trees becomes more &ertile.
There are 4 science process s/ills bein" tested in the +uestion.(i) 2nference
That is an eplanation "iven based on observations made.
(ii) 5pothesis
statement that shows a relationship between the manipulated and
respondin" variable s.
Eample#
>& the rambutan trees receive more sunli"ht, the! will produce more&ruits.
Manipulated variable 9 amount o& sunli"ht received
'espondin" variable 9 +uantit! o& &ruits produced
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Pen&urusan 'rafi(
Ru)u(an
%oo/ at the two animals in the picture above. Wh! are the!&i"htin" each other?-. %ivin" thin"s depend on other livin" thin"s and their
environment &or &ood, shelter and protection.
1. %ivin" thin"s also interact with nonFlivin" thin"s in the
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environment.
4. The relationship amon" livin" thin"s is /nown asinteraction.
6. There are 1 t!pes o& interaction amon" livin" thin"s5
(i) ooperation
(ii) ompetition
C,MPE*2*2,-. %ivin" thin"s need basic thin"s li/e &ood, shelter and
protection in order to survive.
1. nimals need &ood, water, shelter, space and mate orbreedin" partner.
4. :lants need nutrients, water, space and sunli"ht.
6. t times, these basic needs become limited or scarce.
There&ore livin" thin"s that live in the same habitat have tocompetea"ainst one another.
7. ompetition is a &orm o& interaction in which livin" thin"s&i"ht amon" themselves to obtain the sameand limitedresources that the! need to survive.
8. ompetition can occur in livin" thin"s o& the same ordi&&erent species.
=. The competition and cooperation amon" livin" thin"s willresult in the balance in nature.
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The hens are competin" &or the same &ood.
The deer and antelopes are competin" &or the same watersource.
The trees and shrubs are competin" &or sunli"ht.
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The b!roph!llum seedlin"s are competin" &or nutrients, waterand space.
:)ian ia&nosti(
1 The dia"ram shows a picture o& an animal.
What /ind o& ener"! does the animal possess?
A
Heat ener"!
B
$inetic ener"!
C
hemical ener"!
:otential ener"!
! The dia"ram shows an ob0ect.
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What /ind o& ener"! is stored in the ob0ect?
A
%i"ht ener"!
B
:otential ener"!
C
Electrical ener"!
hemical ener"!
3 Which o& the &ollowin" sources o& ener"! is renewable?> Solar>> Wind
>>> oal>A rude oil
A
> and >> onl!
B
>> and >>> onl!
C
>>> and >A onl!
>, >> and >>> onl!
0 The dia"ram shows a torchli"ht that is turned on.
What ener"! chan"es occur in the torchli"ht?
A
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B
C
7 The dia"ram shows a bo! climbin" up a staircase.
What is the ener"! chan"e that occurs?
A
B
C
;
What chan"es in ener"! occurs when the device above is used?
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A
B
C
< Which o& the &ollowin" electrical appliances converts electrical ener"! toheat ener"!?>
>>
>>>
>A
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A
> and >> onl!
B
> and >>> onl!
C
>> and >A onl!
>, >>, >>> and >A
= What t!pe o& ener"! is stored in the &oods shown above?
A
:otential ener"!
B
hemical ener"!
C$inetic ener"!
Heat ener"!
> Which o& the &ollowin" is trueabout li"ht ener"!?> >t can move in a vacuum>> >t is produced b! vibrations
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>>> >t allows plants to ma/e &ood
A
> onl!.
B
> and >>> onl!.
C
>>> and >A onl!
>, >>, >>> and >A
1?
Sound ener"! is produced b!
A
the vibrations o& particles
Bthe "eneration o& electricit!
C
the re&lection o& li"ht
heatin" elements
:)ian ia&nosti(
1 piece o& bread turns mould! a&ter bein" le&t in a dar/ cupboard &or a &ewda!s. Which o& the &ollowin" conditions can cause the bread to turnmould!?
A
ar/ and cold
B
ar/ and moist
C
Hot and dr!
Hot and air!
! Which o& the &ollowin" planets is &urthest &rom the Sun?
A
ranus
B
eptune
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C
Aenus
Gupiter
3 Which o& the &ollowin" planets has the "reatest "ravitational pull?
A
Mars
B
Earth
C
Gupiter
:luto
0 Which o& the &ollowin" statements is correct?
A
The Sun is a "iant star.
B
The Earth is the &ourth planet &rom the Sun.
C
ll planets revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
The asteroid belt is situated between the planet Gupiter and ranus.
onsists o& a miture o& ice and dust
Has a lon" head and tail
'evolves around the Sun in lar"e orbits
7 The above in&ormation is related to
A
comets
B
meteors
C
asteroids
meteoroids
; Which o& the &ollowin" statements istrue?> ll planets have natural sattelites.
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>> :lanets do not "ive out their own li"ht. >>> ll planets revolve around the Sun while rotatin" on their own ais.
A
> onl!
B
> and >> onl!
C
>> and >>> onl!
>, >> and >>>
< Which o& the &ollowin" is trueabout the planet Mars?> >t has 4 moons
>> >t is the &ourth planet &rom the Sun.
>>> >t is also /nown as the red planet>A >t has no atmosphere
A
> and >> onl!
B
>> and >>> onl!
C
>>> and >A onl!
>, >> and >>> onl!
= Which o& the &ollowin" is true? Planet u+er of +oons Position fro+ the
Sun
A
eptune -7
B
ranus -8
C
Aenus I 1
Saturn 14 8
> Small roc/s that enter the Earth*s atmosphere will burn and produce astrea/ o& bri"ht li"ht in the s/! &ormin" a
A
meteor
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B
comet
C
meteorite
meteoroid
1?
The dia"ram shows a member o& the Solar S!stem.
Which o& the &ollowin" istrueabout the member shown?
A
>t is made o& roc/s and metals.
B
>ts tail alwa!s moves awa! &rom the Sun.
C
>t revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit.
>t burns and produces a strea/ o& bri"ht li"ht as it enters the Earth*satmosphere