2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

SPONGE: Anywhere on pg 12-13

Draw an aluminum atom

P=13

N=14

E=13

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Draw a Aluminum Atom – Protons: 13– Neutrons: 14– Electrons: 13

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and MoleculesSponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 15

The topic or heading will always be at the top of the Powerpoint. Include the #

Ex: 2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

Essential Question:

Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!

2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Key Concept:

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Objectives

1.h- Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins,

lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors

4.e- Students know proteins can differ from one another in the number and sequence of

amino acids

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Draw a Carbon Atom – Protons: 6– Neutrons: 6– Electrons: 6

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• “The building block of life” -carbon atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up living things

• Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms.

Carbon

Electrons

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Computer/ Group Work (p. 44-48)

Carbohydrates•What are they?•What do we need them for?•At least 6 examples of foods with carbohydrates•The two types•Pictures

Lipids•What are they?•What do we need them for?•At least 6 examples of foods with lipids•Pictures

Proteins•What are they?•What do we need them for?•At least 6 examples of foods with proteins•Pictures

Nucleic Acids•What are they?•What is their function?•What are the two types?•What do the two types do?•Pictures

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Carbon chains can bond with carbon rings to form very large, very complex molecules called macromolecules.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together (like links in a chain)

– Monomers are the individual subunits. (mono=1)– Polymers are made of many monomers. (poly= +1)

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things.

• Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Can you think of any foods that you eat that have carbohydrates “carbs” in them?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Two types of Carbohydrates:

– Monosaccharides are simple sugars (candy, jam, desserts)

– Polysaccharides include starches (cereals, bread, pasta, potatoes, and rice)

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Hypothesize why we need Carbohydrates???

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells.

• Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Lipids are molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Many lipids contain carbon chains called fatty acids.– Fatty acids: chains of carbon atoms bonded to

hydrogen atoms

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

1) saturated fatty acids:

Most animal fats

Ex: milk, steak, eggs, butter

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

2) Unsaturated fatty acids:

Plant fat= oils “Good for you” fats

Ex: avocados, nuts, beans

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Hypothesize why we need lipids???

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

– broken down as a source of energy– Store large amounts of chemical energy – make up cell membranes/structure

– used to make hormones

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Proteins are polymers of amino acids. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the proteins structure and function

– Twenty different amino acids build proteins in organisms.

– Your body can make 12 of them, the rest comes from FOOD.

Carbon bonding four atoms together

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

What types of foods give us proteins?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

What types of foods give us proteins?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Hypothesize why we need proteins?

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

Proteins are used for movement, eyesight,

and digestion.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

• Nucleic acids biological molecules essential for life on Earth. Made of polymers of nucleotides.– *They have only one job: To work together to make

proteins

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

– DNA stores the information for putting amino acids together to make proteins, stores genetic information.

– RNA helps builds proteins.

DNA

RNA

2 Types of nucleic acids:

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

– Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base

deoxyribose (sugar)

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids.

2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins.

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

1. What three things do our bodies use lipids for? Name three examples of lipids.

2. What three things do our bodies use proteins for? Name three examples of proteins.

• Broken down as energy• Make-up cell membrane• Used to make hormones

• Eyesight• digestion• movement

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

On pg. 16 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting carbohydrates and lipids.

Carbohydrates Lipids

HOMEWORK