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Ossai,R.M. 1

OSSAI , Reuben Must apha (CEnv)

National President :Waste Management 

Society of Nigeria  Chartered Environmentalist; Chartered 

Waste Mgr; ISWA Certified Int’l Waste Mgr 

& Member CIWM (UK)  Managing Director: The Initiates ltd; Port 

Harcourt 

www.initiatesgroup.com+234 (0)84 230578rmossai@initiatesgroup.com

www.wamason.org+234 (0)84 785583

enquiry@wamason.org

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW:

MOVING SOLID WASTE MGT. INTO

THE 21ST CENTURY IN NIGERIA

WASTE AS THE SUBJECT MATTER 

SITUATION PROFILE OF NIGERIA

NATIONAL ASPIRATION 

HOW TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL ASPIRATION 

POLICY ROUTE TO OUR DESTINATION 

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The Subjec t m at t er : so l id w ast e

Waste is a measure of system 

imperfection  Waste is a potential hazard due to its

nature and composition

Waste does not possess perfect-marketgoods quality.

The objectives of waste mgt. include

urban hygiene, environmental protectionand provision of energy & raw materialresource ( benefit goes to all).

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Ownership concept is important in waste mgt. as

it connotes responsibility (ownership createsright with interest and responsibility and, can bedissolved or surrendered).

MSW mgt. is inconsistent with the basic conceptof ownership (this constitutes the major obstacleto mgt. of MSW in Nigeria) as the ownership rightis neither destroyed nor properly inherited

MSWs are all things that the owners havesurrendered their ownership to the MunicipalAuthority

The Subjec t m a t t er : so l id w as te .

con t

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Where is Niger ia w i t h respec t t o Wast e m gt .?  

Nigeria annual average solid waste burden stands at about 50millionT

Estimated rising rate of generation is about 0.5% pa with biodegradable currently accounting forover 50% of the composition

Nation mgt. capacity is less than 10% of whichover 86% is provided and delivered by publicsector

Private sector participation has been low due tofree service policy in the sector

Currently less than one percent (1%) of NigerianGDP is spent annually on waste management

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Waste yield is neither monitored nondocumented for planning purposes

No waste management policy framework and,proper and clear institutional arrangement

Collection rating is zero in rural communities andless than15% in urban areas with less than 45%coverage and efficiency

Treatment rating is less than 1% covering onlythe recovered materials.

Disposal with respect to waste mgt. objective is

zero

Where is N iger ia w i t h respec t t o  

Wast e m gt .? Cont .

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Where does Niger ia w ant t o be?  In the 21st Century, Nigeria shall witness

technological growth, increased urbanization,private sector controlled economy and

environmental awareness

Correspondingly, there will be increased wasteyield and complexity, more public demand forprotection from environmental affront

Our national aspiration in waste mgt. isembodied in our Constitution, Policy frameworkand our international commitments

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Section 20 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitutionproclaimed the national environmental aspirationas the protection and improvement of ourenvironment

4th Schedule of the same Constitution ascribed

the responsibility to Local Government, however,Sub-Section ‘h’ of Section 1 of this Schedulemerely referred to refuse disposal not waste mgt.

The Waste management objective of 1989

National Environmental Policy includesprotection of public health and environmentalpollution control.

Nigeria ratified Agenda 21 and so shares in the

objectives of this international commitment

Where does Niger ia w ant t o be? 

Cont .

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By the year 2000, Nigeria like other nations should have developed the capacity to access,process and monitor waste information; 

By the year 2000 Nigeria should have developed programmes and plans to stabilize and reduce 

generation of ultimate waste. Attained necessary capacity for waste collection 

commensurate with need by 2000 and, achieve adequate waste management services for the 

urban population by the year 2025. By 2025, it is expected that rural areas should 

have and adequately maintain sanitation coverage.

The t arget s o f Agenda 21 goal inc lude:

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responsible waste disposal targeted at

protection of our environment; maximization of reuse and recycling

potential of waste to enhance

environmental resources conservation; establishment and upgrading of waste

management facilities to control

pollution; and, above all meeting the targets of Agenda

21 is imperative.

Our na t iona l aspi rat ion in w as t e m gt .

t herefore inc ludes:

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Im p l ic a t ions o f our nat iona l aspi rat ion

Agenda 21 ratified by Nigeria is an agreement

between the government and her people tointroduce major economic reforms aimed atprogressively internalizing environmental cost ofgoods and services.

This implies waste accountability andcommercialisation of waste mgt. services

Better control of waste mgt. industry

Mainstreaming of waste policy into every sectorsand also into up and downstream of materialcycle

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I s t here gap be t w een our s i t uat ion  

and aspi ra t ion? 

Control (poor institutional and policy framework)

Infrastructure (poor budgeting and investment)

Man-power (lack of professionals)

Commercialization (free-service policy)

Planning and information mgt. (poor data)

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How c an Niger ia c lose t h is gap?  

The gap can be closed with the use of

policy instruments: economic (used to create financial burdens or relief with a view to redirecting either positive or 

negative incentives) , informative (knowledge or awareness that 

can make actors more rational ) and regulatory (directives or prescription used to permit, proscribe, or stipulate how action or 

activities should be conducted or used to distribute responsibility).

Waste Mgt industry is considered a non-productsector with no commercial objectives,

therefore requires more of mandatory rather thanvoluntary policies

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These policy instruments maybe directed at

products, process or actors to stimulatenecessary change

It also requires special drivers : political and economic 

will, technological innovations and business initiatives  These instruments have limited application in

Nigerian economic system

As a consumer nation currently, Nigerianpolicies should be more responsive to product-related waste problems than process-related.

How c an Niger ia c lose t h is gap?  

Cont .

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The 21 st Cent ury Pol ic y Form ula :c onc ept

The conceptual framework of the formula is based on:

Commercialisation of waste mgt. services  Simplification of institutional arrangement (defining 

roles of Federal, States and Local governments including streamlining of the multiple Agencies 

charged with the responsibilities of Waste Management) 

Waste accountability 

Institutionalization of best practices, high environmental standards, and occupational safety 

Continuous performance improvement in waste management through the culture of professionalism 

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The 21 st Cent ury Pol ic y Form ula :c ont entViable po l icy f ramew ork fo r N iger ia should address t he fo l low ing :

Impose information duties on waste generator and importers orproducers of special products.

Adopt a stepwise approach that recognizes all technological optionsin place of Waste hierarchy. Develop a service cost burden system that will gradually shift from

Government to waste generator. Transfer service delivery to private sector who will gradually assume

the responsibility of cost recovery. Develop National professional organization in waste mgt. to ensure

capacity building at all levels Increase financial incentives to waste managers Impose secondary raw material content on manufacturers and

subsidize cost of energy generation from waste. assign provision of collection services responsibility to the lowest

level of government develop large-scale disposal system (State Government) assign assessment and monitoring responsibility across board. institutionalise best (affordable) user’s charge system

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CONCLUSION

Waste mgt. is a public utility, incapable of

absolute alienation from government so aneffective partnership amongst stakeholders is

fundamental. These include Vertical partnership(amongst all tiers of governments for political commitment,strategic planning, coherent framework and short-circuiting of 

unpopular political decisions) and Horizontal

partnership between public and private sector (for 

easy public acceptance of facilities, progressive and long-term cost- recovery programme, shared risks, commercial drive and efficiency).