Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”

11SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGENSKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN

Energy for the 21th Century

“Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”

Dr. Michiel Jak

Managing Senior Consultant

Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen

Altran Technologies Netherlands BV


The danger point will be reached when temperatures rise by two degrees celsius above the average world temperature prevailing in 1750, before the industrial revolution.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere after which the two degree rise will become inevitable is 400 ppm of CO2.

In 10 years or less the catastrophicpoint-of-no-return may be reached(24/01/05: Meeting The Climate Challenge)

Global warming is reaching the point of no return


Energy for the 21th Century

“Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”

Dr. Michiel Jak

Managing Senior Consultant

Skill Center Sustainability&Hydrogen



Outline

Current or short-term issues on global scale:• There is a severe environmental issue• There is an increasing energy demand• There is an old-fashioned energy infrastructure• There is an unstable primary energy market• There is a mid to long term shortage of primary energy

Possible solutions comprise (combinations of): Increase over-all efficiency energy supply Reduction of energy consumption Increase share renewables Radically improve grid architecture Cost reduction


Global transmission&distribution losses account for 11,6% of the total power supply. This equals:

the total electricity consumption of Germany+France+Spain+UKor the total energy consumption of the global transportation sector

T&D costs are 30% of the kWh price T&D congestion results in power failure (USA, Italy 2003) Central power plants do not use the generated heat and thus waste about

70% of fuel energy Central power plants are vulnerable to forces of nature and terrorist attacks 93% of the world’s power production is centrally produced (NL 60%) Traditional power infrastructure is expensive Up to 50% CO2 reduction using DG

Next generation power production:decentralized generation including renewables and CHP

Traditional Infrastructure Facts:


DG Economics I:

Assets fully utilized a few hours per year


DG Economics II:


Liberalization of the electricity market and increased “greenness” of the electricity generation affect the power quality and security of supply.

balance

time

surplus

shortage

The Issue with Renewables:


Reliability and Distributed GenerationADL White Paper, 2000

Financial aspect grid failure:

Industry Average Cost Downtime

Cellular Communications $ 41,000/hour

Telephone Ticket Sales $ 72,000/hour

Airline Reservations $ 90,000/hour

Credit Card Operations $ 2,580,000/hour

Brokerage Operations $ 6,480,000/hour


production storage use

Unpredictable:

PV

Wind

Wave

Predictable:

Tidal

Biomass

Clean Fossil

Hydrogen production using electrolysis or reforming

Storage:

Compression

Liquefaction

Metalhydrides

Carbons

Electrochemical

Battery

Supercaps

Regenerative fuel cell

Marine Current Turbines Ltd.

Windside Ltd.

Ocean Power Delivery Ltd.

Hydrogen conversion:

Fuel cell

Gas turbine

ICE

Discontinuity renewables:


Sustainable hydrogen:

Non-sustainable hydrogen can be made using: nuclear energy reforming fossil fuels electrolysis using “grey electricity”


Virtual Power Plant

Renewable Energy World, Dec 2002


Virtual Power Plant

The Virtual Power Plant is technology neutral and can be used with all types of generation and storage assets

Used in a variety of applications: distributed generation, village power, cogeneration, peak shaving, base-load, and more

Fast response to consumption fluctuations in comparison with central power plant

Integration decentralized power production Optimal locations can be selected Facilitating for hydrogen-based technologies Efficiency increase using “Cascading”


DG infrastructure


Sustainable Island I:

MCT

VAWT

PV

natural gas

biomass

solar-therm

storage

gas turbine

district heating

grid

fly wheel

hydrogen

µ-CHP

sustainable transport


Sustainable Island II:

Production renewable sourcesIncluding short-term buffering

Predictable biomass

VPP + conventional

Production renewable sourcesIncluding long-term buffering

Combination of (un)predictable sources, storage and

conventional power units/VPP


Electrical infrastructure becomes digital!

Reliable, “Self healing” grid

Efficient, affordable, sustainable and flexible

Conclusion:


Contact

SKILL CENTER SUSTAINABILITY & HYDROGEN

Michiel Jak

Skill Center Sustainability & Hydrogen


De Fruittuinen 30

2132 NZ Hoofddorp

+31-23-5694090 (tel)

[email protected]

Energy for the 21th Century “Sustainable sources in a virtual power plant environment”

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