20u30 - WS - Short Backyard Hatcheries in Thailandcompresspsorgelo/RestockingWorkshop/Montakan...
Transcript of 20u30 - WS - Short Backyard Hatcheries in Thailandcompresspsorgelo/RestockingWorkshop/Montakan...
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Current Status Current Status of of
Marine Fish and Shellfish Backyard HatcheriesMarine Fish and Shellfish Backyard Hatcheriesin Thailandin Thailand
Montakan Montakan TamtinTamtinSenior Fisheries BiologistSenior Fisheries Biologist
Department of Fisheries, ThailandDepartment of Fisheries, Thailand
• a huge brackish water areas of about 100,000 ha
•800 kilometer Indian Ocean
•1,800-kilometer Gulf of Thailand coasts
ThailandThailand
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Years
Fish
Pro
duct
ion
by V
alue
(M
illion
Baht
)
: ranks among the world's top ten nations in the fishing industry (total catch and export)
Export
Import
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15,00014,00013,00013,600Sea Bass31,00030,00030,00032,600Giant Freshwater prawn
475,000434,000370,000251,700White shrimp10,00015,00090,000106,900Black Tiger shrimp
2007200620052004Type/Year
Source :Department of Fisheries, Thailand (2007)
Aquaculture Production of Thailand from 2004Aquaculture Production of Thailand from 2004--2007:ton2007:ton
1,395,6001,279,0001,511,3501,660,400Total493,600475,000450,000535,000OthersNDND342,850400,400Shellfish
130,000101,000114,500160,000Catfish120,500105,000101,000160,200Tilapia
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Years
Aqu
acultu
re M
arine
Shrimp
Prod
uction
(ton
) Total
White shrimp
Black Tiger shrimp
Aquaculture Status of Marine Shrimp in Thailand:Aquaculture Status of Marine Shrimp in Thailand:
P. . VannameiVannamei 99.59%99.59%
P. P. MonodonMonodon 0.41%0.41%
DOF, 2008
2007 produce 0.48 million ton, export 78%2007 produce 0.48 million ton, export 78%
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- Low construction and operating costLow construction and operating cost
-- Flexibility to switch from one Flexibility to switch from one speiesspeies to othersto others
-- Flexibility to start/stop operationFlexibility to start/stop operation
-- Separated to many sectorsSeparated to many sectors
- Low technologyLow technology
-- Vulnerable to diseases and pollutionVulnerable to diseases and pollution
-- Lack of money to improve the facilitiesLack of money to improve the facilities
Advantages of backyard hatcheriesAdvantages of backyard hatcheries
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Establishment of certification system
Corrective action
Document checking
Farm evaluation
Farm certification
GAP
Farm certification
CoC
Corrective
action Surveillance
2 times/year
(Coastal aquaculture center, Station)
Trainer Farmer Application
Auditor/inspector (coastal aquaculture center, station)
Certification committee (senior biologist, director, DOF)
Inspector (provincial fisheries officer)
Non conformity
Non conformity
renew renew
Suspend, withdrawal
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GAP : Good Aquaculture Practices for shrimp hatchery (started in 2003)Topic concerned:
1.Site selection
2.General management
3.Feed management
4.Shrimp fry health management
5.Hatchery sanitation
6.Harvesting and shrimp fry transportation
7.Data recording
CoC : Code of conduct for hatcheriesTopic concerned: same as GAP standard but include more topics on
- Water and waste treatment
- Responsibility to the community
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PresentPast
Water treatment system, no antibiotics
Simple, no water mangement system
Water systemBatch systemBatch systemCulture system
Etc.Lates calcarifer
1%P. monodon99%P. vannameiSpecies2,000-3,000 (1,000)10,000Number
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PresentPastManagement
1:99 P. monodon : P. vannamei
50:50 P. monodon : P. vannamei
- Broodstock
: Wild : available: Domesticated : DOF, private hatcheries: low demand (2000 Bt)
:Wild BS, rare, expensive(10,000 Bt)
P. monodon
: domesticated BS: raised from earthen pond (PCR approved)(150 Bt)
: Imported, raised from earthen pond
(200-300 Bt)
P. Vannamei
PresentPresentPastPast: different between : different between big: small hatcheriesbig: small hatcheries(0.08(0.08--0.1 st,0.050.1 st,0.05--0.06st)0.06st)
P. P. MonodonMonodon 0.10 0.10 ststP. P. VannameiVannamei 0.12 0.12 stst
PricePrice
: cluster: cluster: reduced no. of small : reduced no. of small hatcherieshatcheries
yesyesnonoPredictablePredictable4040--80% (5080% (50--60%)60%)3030--50% (3050% (30--40%)40%)SVR (%)SVR (%)77,437 million PL/year77,437 million PL/year100,000 100,000 mlPLmlPL/year/yearProductionProduction
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BangkokBangkok
ChonburiChonburi
PhuketPhuketNakornNakorn Sri Sri TammaratTammarat
ChachoengsaoChachoengsao
Backyard shrimp hatcheries in Thailand:Backyard shrimp hatcheries in Thailand:
ThailandThailand Species : Species : PenaeusPenaeus vannameivannamei: : PeneausPeneaus monodonmonodon
Major area : Major area : ChachoengsaoChachoengsao, ,
: : ChonburiChonburi,,
: : PhuketPhuket, ,
: : NakonNakon Sri Sri TammaratTammarat
Typical backyard shrimp hatchery Typical backyard shrimp hatchery
in Thailandin Thailand:Broodstock tanks, hatching and nursery tanks, live food tanks, water stocking and treatment tanks, discharged water treatment tanks
: no difference in zootechnique
: Batch systems is being used
: both P. vannamei and P. monodon are produce in the same hatchery, using the same facility
: the main species produced is P. vannamei, while P. monodon is produced according to order
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P. Vannamei: Broodstocks – domesticated broodstock
: 70,000 nauplii/broodstck (100,000-180,000)
: HR 70-80%
: Survival rate to PL≥50% (60-80%)
: 5-6 million PL/crop
: 6-7 crops/year (10)
: 42,000,000 PL/year
P. monodon: Wild Broodstocks
: better quality and availabilty of broodstockdue to lower demand
: PCR check
:HR 70-80%
:SVR 50%
: 3 million PL/crop
:5-6 crops/year
TrendsTrends
1.1. Clustered of hatcheries, decrease Clustered of hatcheries, decrease of small hatcheriesof small hatcheries
2.2. The DOF promote the producing of The DOF promote the producing of domesticated BSdomesticated BS
3.3. Most of hatcheries are GAPMost of hatcheries are GAP4. Revised of4. Revised of certification system certification system
andand moveingmoveing toward ISOtoward ISO
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ChachoengsaoChachoengsao
ChonburiChonburi
Backyard fish hatcheries in Thailand:Backyard fish hatcheries in Thailand:
Major species: Major species: LatesLates calcarifercalcarifer(Asian sea bass)(Asian sea bass) Total > 60 hatcheriesTotal > 60 hatcheries
ManagementManagement
BroodstockBroodstock condition, for 2condition, for 2--3 months3 months
: Domesticated : Domesticated broodstocksbroodstocks from from cage culturecage culture:fed with squid, clam 1:fed with squid, clam 1--3% of BW 3% of BW + + vitvit E/C twice a weekE/C twice a week
Breeding tank 1Breeding tank 1♀♀:1:1♂♂natural or induced spawning natural or induced spawning through hormonal injectionthrough hormonal injection
Spawning eggsSpawning eggs
Unfertilized eggsUnfertilized eggs Fertilized eggsFertilized eggs
DiscardDiscard Hatch outHatch out Larval rearing/ fry nursing*Larval rearing/ fry nursing*
Production 120,000,000 fingerlings/year/hatcheryProduction 120,000,000 fingerlings/year/hatchery
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WWater stocking tanks : 50 ton/4#, 100 ton/2#
Micro algae and rotifer culture tanksMicro algae and rotifer culture tanks
Nursing tanksNursing tanks
Batch systemsBatch systems: : BroodstockBroodstock tanks 100%/2tanks 100%/2--3 days3 days
: fingering (2: fingering (2--3 inches) Nursing tanks 100%/day3 inches) Nursing tanks 100%/day
Traditional feeding Traditional feeding scheme scheme Rotifer, Rotifer, artemiaartemia, copepod, , copepod, mince fish, mince fish, AFdietsAFdiets
: 200,000-1,000,000 fingering/broodstock
:10 million fingering (15 days)/crop
:12 crops/year
:120 million fingering/year
:SVR to 15 days fingering 40%
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Sectors in seabass hatcheries
Eggs/ Yolk fry suppliers
Fry - Fingerling 1 cm BL
Fingerling 1 cm BL
to
Fingerling 3 inches BL
FARM
Broodstockcollectors/keepers
Backyard mollusk hatcheriesin Thailand:
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Number 25 hatcheriesNumber 25 hatcheries
Production 500,000 pieces/year/hatchery Production 500,000 pieces/year/hatchery
Species: Species: Babylonia Babylonia aereolataaereolata,,HaliotisHaliotis asininaasinina
Area: Area: PhuketPhuket, , RayongRayong, , ChumpornChumporn
Backyard mollusk hatcheries Backyard mollusk hatcheries in Thailand:in Thailand:
• Taiwanese species Haliotis diversicolor was introduced to Thailand since the year 2002.
• Nowadays, only H. asinina and H. diversicolor are being culture in Thailand.
• H. diversicolor : Andaman sea 4 hatcheries• H. asinina : East coast Gulf of Thailand 1
hatchery, Thai Gulf 1 hatchery, Andaman sea 1 hatchery
HaliotisHaliotis asininaasininaHaliotisHaliotis diversicolordiversicolor
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Thank you Thank you for for
your attentionyour attention
““SawaddeeSawaddee KhaKha””
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Potential species for backyard Potential species for backyard hatcheries:hatcheries:
PortunusPortunus pelagicuspelagicus (Blue swimming crab)(Blue swimming crab)
: high demand: high demand
::BroodstocksBroodstocks are collected from wildare collected from wild
: Domesticated : Domesticated broodstocksbroodstocks is being developedis being developed
: SVR (to young crab) is unpredictable 0: SVR (to young crab) is unpredictable 0--40% (1040% (10--20%)20%)
: no private hatchery: no private hatchery
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•• High demandHigh demand•• 1999 fishing crab 41,250 ton 1999 fishing crab 41,250 ton (11.6% decreasing) (DOF, 2003)(11.6% decreasing) (DOF, 2003)
•• Juvenile, berried crab were largely Juvenile, berried crab were largely exploitedexploited
•• Price is increased from 35 Bt/kg Price is increased from 35 Bt/kg (0.7 EURO) up to 150(0.7 EURO) up to 150--350 Bt/kg 350 Bt/kg (4(4--10 EURO)10 EURO)
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements•• Prof.PatrickProf.Patrick Sorgeloos Ghent UniversitySorgeloos Ghent University
•• Mr.NopadolMr.Nopadol PhuwapanishPhuwapanish……Head of Head of RatchRatch BuriBuri Provincial officer Provincial officer
•• Mr. Mr. BanjongBanjong NisapawanichNisapawanich –– BanjongBanjong farmfarm
•• Mr.AkomMr.Akom SinghaboonSinghaboon KrabiKrabi Coastal Aquatic Research and Coastal Aquatic Research and Development CenterDevelopment Center
•• Mrs.SangtongMrs.Sangtong and and Mrs.WassanaMrs.Wassana ……..TalayTalay Thong FarmThong Farm
•• Mr.PramoteMr.Pramote…………NemoNemo FarmFarm
•• Mrs.PiyalaiMrs.Piyalai HemtanonHemtanon NakornNakorn Sri Sri TammaratTammarat Coastal Aquatic Coastal Aquatic Research and Development CenterResearch and Development Center
•• Mr.TanetMr.Tanet PoomthongPoomthong Head of Head of PhetchPhetch BuriBuri Fisheries Research and Fisheries Research and Test CenterTest Center
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Antibiotic residues monitoring program
Four antibiotics are monitoring:
Antibiotics Limit Method Year
Oxytetracyclin 0.1ppm HPLC 1995
Oxolinic acid 0.02 ppm HPLC 1995
Chloramphenical 0.3ppb ELISA 2002
Nitrofurans 1 ppb LC MS MS 2002
Antibiotic residues monitoring program
Hatcheries
Farms
Processing plants
Run by coastal aquaculture research and development bureau
Run by Fish inspection division