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2018 BioBlitz at

Minute Man National Historical Park

751 Species in a Day!

September 22, 2018

National Public Lands Day

Celebrating the importance of biodiversity on National Public Lands Day, more than twenty-five subject experts and an additional fifty participants gathered information in the 1,038-acre Minute Man National Historical Park. For an electronic copy of this report visit www.nps.gov/mima/learn/nature. (NPS)

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BioBlitz Overview

The Bioblitz focused on two units of the park, the North Bridge Unit in Concord and the Battle Road Unit in Concord, Lincoln, and Lexington, MA (NPS)

This is a final report of 751 species of animals, plants and fungi noted by several dozen invited specialists and helpers in a small scale BioBlitz. It took place chiefly between 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on a sunny September 22, 2018 within both the North Bridge Unit in Concord, Mass. and along the larger and more diverse Battle Road Unit stretching from Concord through northern Lincoln into Lexington, Massachusetts.

The project was envisioned by park volunteer Liam Beguhn, a junior at Concord-Carlisle High School to celebrate National Public Lands Day. Margie Coffin Brown, Integrated Resources Program Manager for the park provided logistical support for the event, with support from Park Superintendent BJ Dunn, Seasonal Bio Tech Dan Robbins, and the Friends of Minute Man National Park. Peter Alden of Concord provided overall project guidance, having organized the first BioBlitz known as Walden Biodiversity Day in 1998. This was followed by a second event in 2009, both honoring Harvard biologist and Pulitzer Prize winner, Dr. Ed-ward O. Wilson and Henry David Thoreau. Hun-dreds of invited field biology specialists found 2,700 species within 5 miles of Walden Pond in 2 days! Sponsors were the Walden Woods Project and the Minute Man National Historical Park.

For this 2018 small scale BioBlitz, the project team contacted key experts and generalists to gather and have fun in the field. Their work will form the base data for an ongoing biological inventory of this 1,038-acre park. On the day of the event parties split up and spent the morning in both park units. All gathered for a picnic lunch in pleasant sunshine in front of park headquarters above the Old North Bridge. We were honored to have Dr Edward O. Wilson join us for lunch, greet all the experts, and

Dr. Edward O. Wilson at center joined the biodiversity celebration on National Public Lands Day with bird experts Melani Sleder and Jonathan Layman (left), and Summer Steward Liam Beguhn and Resource Manager Margie Coffin Brown (right). (NPS)

Peter Alden with Dr. Edward O. Wilson, who is signing his most recent book, Half-Earth, Our Planet’s Fight for Life. (NPS)

rally the troops. In the afternoon parties focused on the larger Battle Road Unit.

The field parties mostly wrote down sightings with either a scientific or common name on clipboard sheets. Some talked into voice recorders. Some experts used the new iNaturalist app which allows one to upload a photo of a plant, bug or any natural subject and send it off for sometimes immediate ID suggestions. Birders logged observations into eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s citizen science website. These apps may encourage more folk, young and old, to get into nature.

We were pleased to have just enough expertise in many groups to get a decent handle on the biologi-cal riches of what is not just an historical park. The open fields, meadows and wetlands east of Meriam’s Corner in eastern Concord (known as Bedford Lev-els) and northwest Lincoln contain an abundance of less common species. However, we discovered three new for the area invasive plants: Japanese Stilt Grass, Japanese Honeysuckle (a vine) and Leafy Spurge which need attention.

The 751 species we saw and heard on September 22, 2018 in Minute Man NHP:Animals: 299 (10 Mammals, 71 Birds, 9 Reptiles & Amphibians, 1 Fish, 157 Insects, 43 Spiders, 8 others)Plants & Fungi 452 (312 Vascular Plants, 39 Lichens, 101 Fungi)

Compiler: Peter Alden (978) 369-5768 peteralden@aol.com

Insect expert & author Tom Murray (left) with Liam Beguhn, park volunteer and event organizer (right). Tim Murray has authored a comprehensive field guide, Insects of New England and New York. (NPS)

Ornithologist Simon Perkins and other experts focused on the biodiversity of the North Bridge Unit that includes the Concord River, as well as the Battle Road Unit. (NPS)

You teach me, I forget. You show me, I remember. You involve me, I understand. - Edward O. Wilson

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Map of North Bridge Unit

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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and theGIS User Community

LegendTrails and Roads

MIMA_boundary

MIMA Structures 0 0.05 0.10.025 Miles

NORTH BRIDGE UNIT - Minute Man National Historical Park BioBlitz - Sept 22, 2018 (114 ACRES)Areas are divided by roads and water corridors.

Please use extreme caution when inventorying along road and water corridors.

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AREA NB-1

North BridgeVisitor Center

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Old ManseConcord River

Mjr JohnButtrickHouse Caretakers

Cottage &Maintenance

The North Bridge Unit of Minute Man National Historical Park spans 114 acres in Concord, MA. The unit includes the Old North Bridge, the site of the opening battle of the American Revolution on April 19, 1775.

Maps of Battle Road Unit

NORTH GREAT ROAD

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HAYWARD AVENUELIBERTY LANEPOPE TERRACE

CONESTOGA ROADPATRICK LOOP

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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and theGIS User Community

LegendBattle Road

MIMA_boundary

MIMA Structures 0 0.1 0.20.05 Miles

BATTLE ROAD UNIT - Minute Man National Historical Park BioBlitz - Sept 22, 2018 (849 ACRES)Areas are divided by roads and water corridors.

Please use extreme caution when inventorying along road and water corridors.

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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and theGIS User Community

LegendBattle Road

MIMA_boundary

MIMA Structures 0 0.15 0.3 Miles

BATTLE ROAD UNIT - Minute Man National Historical Park BioBlitz - Sept 22, 2018 (849 ACRES)Areas are divided by roads and water corridors.

Please use extreme caution when inventorying along road and water corridors.

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AREA 1

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The Battle Road Unit spans 849 acres in Concord, Lincoln, and Lexington, MA. The unit includes several witness houses, farms, and wet meadows present at the time of the American Revolution.

I have been surprised to discover the amount and the various kinds of life which a single shallow swamp will sustain. - Henry David Thoreau, 1850

Experts including wetland ecologist Matt Burne and arachnid specialist Joe Warfel identified many species along the shore of the Concord River. (NPS)

Gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) recorded in the North Bridge and Battle Road units. (Courtesy Matt Burne, Walden Woods Project)

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MMNHP BioBlitz Conducted Sept 22, 2018 (Printed December 17, 2018)The left column gives a scientific name (often Latinized Greek). The middle column gives a common English name. There is no standardization of common names in most invertebrate, plant and fungi groups. The right column indicates iN for iNaturalist records. The park consists mainly of two separate sectors. Some observers were able to make notes on which of 10 sectors within the Old North Bridge Unit (NB) in Concord and/or the 20 sectors in the Battle Road Unit (BR) in eastern Concord, north Lincoln, or west Lexington. The right two columns in some groupings often have a NB or a BR. These may be followed by sector numbers where species were seen or heard. BR 1-5 indicates sightings in one, several, or all Battle Road Concord sectors.

MAMMALS The list below reflects casual sightings from many observers. A Black Bear family has been present all summer in the Hanscom Airport and Battle Road area. Common mammals not noted by our day time field parties were such common residents as Virginia Opossum, Muskrat, Red Fox, Raccoon, Striped Skunk and Fisher (Weasel).

Homo sapiens Humans NB BRSylvilagus floridanus Eastern Cottontail BR 1-5 10Marmota monax Woodchuck (Wood Marmot) NB 1 2 7 BR 1-5Sciurus carolinensis Eastern Gray Squirrel NB 1 2 BR 1-5 10 18-20Tamiasciurus hudsonicus American Red Squirrel BR 1-5Tamias striatus Eastern Chipmunk NB 1 2 6 BR 1-5 16 20Castor canadensis Canadian Beaver NB 1 7Canis latrans Coyote (scat/tracks) (KD) BR 1-5Ursus americanus Black Bear (scat/tracks) (KD) BR 1-5Odocolleus virginianus White-tailed Deer BR 1-5

Observations - Animal Life - MammalsBIRDSMany excellent birders joined us, including Peter Alden, Kathy Dia, Norman Levey, Will Martens, Paul Miliotis, Simon Perkins, Marj Rines, Melani Sleder, Alan Bragg, Jonathan Layman, David Gregg, Mark Rosenstein, and Soheil Zendah. The sequence below may not be up to date as families are tossed around and genera are split or lumped and renamed. Some observations noted as iN were recorded via eBird.

Cygnus olor Mute Swan BR 1-5Branta canadensis Canada Goose NB 1 BR 1-5Anas platyrhyncos Mallard NB 1 BR 1-5Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey BR 1-5 10 14 iNPhalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant NB 1Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron NB 1 2 BR 1-5Pandion haliaetus Osprey NB 1 BR 1-5Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle BR 1-5Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier BR 1-5Accipiter cooperii Cooper’s Hawk BR 1-5 iNAccipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk NB 1 BR 1-5Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk BR 1-5Buteo platyptyerus Broad-winged Hawk (kettle of 100) BR 1-5Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk NB 1 2 6 BR 1-5Falco columbarius Merlin BR 1-5Falco sparvarius American Kestrel BR 1-5Charadrius vociferus Killdeer (Plover) NB 1 BR 1-5 iNTringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper BR 1-5Larus argentatus Herring Gull BR 1-5 7Columba livia Rock Pigeon (Dove) NB 1 10 BR 1-5Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove NB 1 2 BR 1-5 7 Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift BR 1-5Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated Hummingbird BR 1-5Megaceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher NB 1 BR 1-5Melanerpes carolinus Red-bellied Woodpecker NB 1 2 6 BR 1-5,10 19 20Picoides pubescens Downy Woodpecker NB 1 BR 1-5 10 17 iNColaptes auritus Northern Flicker NB 1 BR 1-5 10Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe NB 1 BR 1-5 7Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher BR 1Vireo solitarius Blue-headed Vireo BR 1-5Corvus corax Northern (Common) Raven BR 1-5 14Corvus brachyrhynchus American Crow NB 1 2 BR 1-5 16-20Cyanocitta cristata Blue Jay NB 1 BR 1-5 10 16-20Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern Rough-winged Swallow BR 1-5Poecile (Parus) atricapillus Black-capped Chickadee NB 1 2 6 BR 1-5 7 18-20 Baeolophus bicolor Tufted Titmouse NB 1 BR 1-5 7 18-20Sitta carolinensis White-breasted Nuthatch NB 10 BR 1-5 10 18-20Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina Wren NB 1 2 6 BR 1-5Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet (MS) NBSialia sialis Eastern Bluebird NB 1 2 BR 1-5 7 19 iNTurdus migratorius American Robin NB 1 2 BR 1-5 7 20Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird NB 1 10 BR 1-5 7 Mimus polyglottus Northern Mockingbird BR 1-5 7

On September 22nd, the temperature range was 71˚ F to 46˚F, and partly cloudy. Groups found many species in the meadow overlooking the Old North Bridge, including Homo sapiens. (NPS)

Observations - Birds

We should preserve every scrap of biodiversity as priceless while we learn to use it and come to understand what it means to humanity. - Edward O. Wilson

The group converged near the North Bridge Visitor Center to share findings and interact with program participants. Will Martens (right) shares bird findings, including spotting a migrating Lark Sparrow. A local birder, Will compiles weekly bird data for the nearby Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. (NPS)

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Sturnus vulgaris European Starling BR 1-5Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing NB 1 BR 1-5 7Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler BR 1-5 Note: the following 7 warblers were recently in genus DendroicaSetophaga castanea Bay-breasted Warbler (JL) BR 1-5Setophaga coronata Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) Warbler BR 1-5 17-20Setophaga discolor Prairie Warbler BR 7Setophaga magnolia Magnolia Warbler (MS) NB 1Setophaga palmarum Palm Warbler BR 1-5 7Setophaga pinus Pine Warbler BR 1-5 7 20Setophaga striata Blackpoll Warbler NB 1 BR 1-5Seiurus noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush BR 1-5Geothylpis trichas Common Yellowthroat BR 1-5 7Cardellina pusilla Wilson’s Warbler (MS) NB 1Pipilo erythropthalmus Eastern Towhee BR 1-5 7Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow (WM, PM) BR 3Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow NB 1 BR 1-5 7Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow BR 1-5Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow NB 1 2 BR 1-5 7 16 17Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow BR 1-5Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow BR 7 Cardinalis cardinalis Northern (Red) Cardinal NB 1 2 BR 1-5 7 20Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak BR 1-5Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting BR 1-5Ageliaus phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird BR 1-5Quiscalus quiscala Common (Swamp) Grackle NB 1 10 BR 1-5 10Carpodacus mexicanus House Finch NB 1 BR 1-5Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch NB 1 10 BR 1-5 7 18-20Passer domesticus House (English) Sparrow NB 1 10 BR 1-5

Observations - Birds (continued) Observations - Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes

Park volunteer Kathy Stark Dia with Dr. Edward O. Wilson. Kathy leads public walks and is a monitor for Vermont Center for Ecostudies’ breeding bird survey within the park. In 2017 she published a guide to birding at Minute Man in Bird Observer magazine. (NPS)

REPTILES and AMPHIBIANSChrysemys picta Painted Turtle NB 1Thamnophis sirtalis Common Garter Snake NB BR 10Hyla versicolor Gray Tree Frog NB BR 1-5 10Rana clamitans Green Frog BR 10 iNRana palustris Pickerel Frog NB 1 10Rana sylvatica Wood Frog NB 1Bufo americanus American Toad NB iNDesmognathus fuscus Northern Dusky Salamander NB (MM)Plethodon ciereus Red-backed Salamander BR 1-5 10

FISHESAmeiurus nebulosus Brown Bullhead (Catfish) NB 1 (MM) iN

Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) in Battle Road Unit. (© Soheil Zendeh)

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) recorded in the North Bridge and Battle Road units. (Courtesy Matt Burne, Walden Woods Project)

Born in Iran, raised in Morocco, and residing in Eastern Massachusetts for nearly sixty years, Soheil Zendeh is a birder and natural history enthusiast, who provided expertise in bird and insect identification, plus exceptional photographs, shared via Flickr. (NPS)

Matt Burne is Director of Conservation with the Walden Woods Project. Matt is co-author of two field guides on vernal pools and dragonflies of Massachusetts, and a contributor to several other publications. (NPS)

A puffball mushroom recorded by Soheil Zendeh and identified by Kay Fairweather as either Lycoperdon marginatum or L. echinatum. (© Soheil Zendeh)

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Observations - Insects Observations - Insects (continued)

INSECTS

We were pleased to have Tom Murray, author of the recent Insects of New England & New York present to identify difficult groups. Butterfly and dragonfly experts included Paul Miliotis, Simon Perkins, and Marj Rines. Norm Levey focused on vocal insects; David Gregg on ants. Other insect and invertebrate specialists included Matt Burne, Marty Michener, Soheil Zendeh, and Mark Rosenstein.

Colembola SpringtailsEntomobrya, sp. A Springtail BR 1-5

Odonata Odonates (Dragonflies)Lestes vigilax Swamp Spreadwing BR 4 5 7Enallagma civile Familiar Bluet BR 4 5 7Ischnura posita Fragile Forktail BR 1-5 iNIschnura verticalis Eastern Forktail BR 1-5 7Aeshna canadensis Canada Darner BR 1-5Aeshna tuberculifera Black-tipped Darner BR 4 5 7Aeshna umbrosa Shadow Darner BR 1-5 7 iNAnax junius Green Darner BR 1-5Erythemis simplicicollis Eastern Pondhawk BR 4 5 7Libellula pulchella Twelve-spotted Skimmer BR 1-5 7 iNPachydiplax longipennis Blue Dasher BR 1-5Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider BR 1-5 7Sympetrum internum Cherry-faced Meadowhawk BR 1-5Sympetrum rubricundulum Ruby Meadowhawk BR 1-5Sympetrum vicinum Autumn Meadowhawk BR 1-5 7 Orthoptera Orthopterans (Grasshoppers & Crickets)Tetrix, sp. A Pygmy Grasshopper BR 1-5Chorthippus curtipennis Marsh Meadow Grasshopper BR 1-5Chortophaga viridifasciata Northern Green-striped Grasshopper iNDissosteira carolina Carolina (Black-winged Gr.) Locust NB 1 BR 1-5 16Melanoplus bivitattus Two-striped Grasshopper BR 1-5Melanoplus femurrubrum Red-legged Grasshopper BR 4 5 7Allonemobius allardi Allard’s Ground Cricket BR 1-5Allonemobius fasciatus Striped Ground Cricket BR 1-5Anaxipha exigua Say’s Trig BR 1-5Ceuthophilus, sp. Camel Cricket BR 1-5Eunemobius carolinus Carolina Ground Cricket BR 1-5Grillus pennsylvanicus Fall Field Cricket NB 1 BR 1-5Neoxabea bipunctata Two-spotted Tree Cricket BR 1-5Oecanthus nigricornis Black-horned Tree Cricket BR 1-5Oecanthus quadripunctatus Four-spotted Tree Cricket BR 1-5 iNOrocharis saltator Jumping Bush Cricket BR 1-5Phyllopalpus pulchellus Red-headed Bush Cricket (Handsome Trig) BR 1-5 iNConocephalus forcatus ? Slender Meadow Katydid BR 1-5

Several Small FamiliesEctobius pallidus Tawny Cockroach BR 1-5Parcoblata pennsylvanica Pennsylvania Wood Cockroach BR 1-5Tenodera aridifolia sinensis Chinese Mantis BR 1-5 iNForficula auricularia European Earwig NB 1 BR 1-5Reticulitermes flavipes Subterranean Termite BR 1-5 8Psocidae A Bark Louse BR 1-5Myrmeleon, species An Antlion NB 1 6

Hemiptera incl. Homoptera True Bugs, Aphids and LeafhoppersAlydus eucimus Broad-headed Shield Bug BR 1-5Belastoma, species A Giant Water Bug NBAcanthocephala terminalis A Leaf-footed Bug BRGerris remigus A Water Strider NB 1 BR 1-5 iNLygus, species A Plant Bug BR 1-5Megaloceroea recticornis A Plant Bug BR 1-5Chinavia hilaris Green Stink Bug NB 1Perillus, sp. Brown-marmorated Stink Bug BR 1-5Phymata pennsylvanica An Ambush Bug BR 1-5Berytidae Stilt Bug BR 1-5Galgupha nitiduloides Ebony Bug BR 1-5Pselliopus cinctus An Assassin Bug BR 1-5Zelus luridus Pale Green Assasin Bug BR 1-5Harmostes reflexulus Scentless Plant Bug BR 1-5Adelgis tsugae Hemlock Woolly Adelgid NB 1Aphis nerii Oleander Aphid BR 1-5Aulacorthum solani ? A Green Aphid BR 13Uroleucon, sp. An AphidClastophera obtusa ? Alder Spittlebug BR 1-5Tibicen canicularis Dog-day Cicada (Harvestfly) BR 1-5Metcalfa pruinosa Citrus Flatid Planthopper BR 1-5Paraulacizes irrorata Speckled Sharpshooter BR 1-5Graphocephala coccinea Red-banded Leafhopper BR 1-5Graphocephala fennahi Rhododendron Leafhopper BR 1-5Ceresa alta Buffalo Treehopper BR 1-5

Meadowhawk (Sympetrum sp.) in Battle Road Unit. (© Soheil Zendeh)

Paul Miliotis is a local naturalist and ornithologist, with expertise in monitoring odonate habitats. (NPS)

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Observations - Insects (continued)Observations - Insects (continued)

Coleoptera BeetlesNeogalerucella calmariensis Purple Loosestrife Beetle BR 1-5Chlaenius tricolor tricolor Vivid Metallic Ground Beetle BR 1-5Trichotichnus dichrous A Ground Beetle BR 1-5Lepturinae A Long-horned Beetle BR 1-5Megacyllene robinae Locust Borer Beetle BR 1-5 iNCoccinella septempunctata Seven-spotted Lady Beetle iNHarmonia axyridis Asian Multi-colored Lady Beetle BR 1-5Hippodamia parenthesis Parenthesis Lady Beetle BR 1-5Propylea quatuordecipuntata Fourteen-spotted Lady Beetle BR 1-5Lignyodes bischoffi Weevil BR 1-5Tachyerges salicis Weevil iNSitona Lepidus Weevil BR 1-5Melanotis leonardi Click Beetle BR 1-5Endomychus biguttatus Handsome Fungus Beetle BR 1-5Elycheria corrusca A Winter Firefly NB 1 BR 1-5Lucidota atra Diurnal Firefly BR 10Epicauta pennsylvanica Black Blister Beetle BR 1-5Genus, species Tumbling Flower Beetle NB 1Ataenius, species Aphodiine Dung Beetle BR 1-5Dendroides concolor Fire-colored Beetle BR 1-5Popillia japonica Japanese Beetle BR 1-5Staphylininae A Rove Beetle BR 8 Hymenoptera Ants, Bees & WaspsXylocopa virginica Eastern Carpenter Bee BR 1-5Apis mellifera Honey Bee NB 1 BR 1-5 19 iNBombus affinis ? Bumblebee NB 1 Bombus impatiens Common Eastern Bumblebee BR 1-5 17 19 iNPrenolepis imparis False Honey Ant BR 1-5Aphaenogaster fulva or rudis Dull-gastered Ant NB 1 6Lasius, species Fuzzy Ant NB 1 6Temnothorax curvispinosus Bent-spined Temnothorax Ant NB 1 6Temnothorax longispinosus Long-spined Temnothorax Ant NB 1 6Prenolepis impairs Honey (Winter) Ant NB 1 6Myrica rubra European Fire Ant BR 1-5Tetramorium caepitum Pavement Ant NB 1 6Amphibolips quercusjuglans Acorn Plum Gall Wasp NB 6Therion morio Ichneumon Wasp BR 1-5Eumenes fraternus Potter Wasp BR 1-5Ancistrocerus antilope Potter Wasp BR 1-5Vespula flavopilosa Downy Yellowjacket iNVespula maculate Bald-faced Hornet NB BR 1-5Vespula maculifrons Eastern Yellowjacket NB BR 1-5

Lepidoptera Butterflies & MothsColias eurytheme Orange Sulphur BR 1-5 7Colias philodice Clouded Sulphur NB 1 6 BR 1 5 7Pieris rapae Cabbage White NB 6 BR 1-5 7 16 19Everes comyntus Eastern Tailed Blue BR 7Cercyonis pegala Common Wood Nymph NB 1Danaus plexippus Monarch BR 1-5 7 8 19 iNLimenitis archippus Viceroy NB 1 6 BR 1-5 7 8Lycaena hyllus Bronze Copper Rare BR 1-5 (PM, NL) iNLycaena phlaeas American Copper BR 1-5 7 19Phyciodes tharos Pearl Crescent NB 10 BR 1-5 7 iNSpeyeria cybele Great Spangled Fritillary BR 4 5 7Vanessa virginiensis American Lady BR 4 5 7Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper BR 4 5 7Cisseps fulvicollis Yellow-collared Scape Moth BR 17? iNCtenucha virginica Virginia Ctenucha Day Moth NB 1 BR 1-5 10 iNGenus, species A Geometrid Moth NB 1Haematopis grataria Chickweed Geometer Moth iNCameraria guttifinitella A Leaf Blotch Miner Moth BR 10 (DG) (ID by Charles Eisenman via e-mail photo)Orgyia leucostigma White-marked Tussock Moth BR 1-5Eudryas urio Pearly Wood-nymph Moth BR 1-5Haploa lecontei ? LeConte’s Haploa BR 1Machimia tentoriferella Oecophorid Moth iNSpodoptera ornithogalli Yellow-striped Army-wormHypena scabra Green Clover-worm MothProcera expandens Double-humped Pococera caterpillarPococera ? Yellow Collid MothSimyra insularis Cat-tail Caterpillar Moth caterpillarNomophila nearctica Lucerne Moth

Norman Levey is a local naturalist who leads listening walks to learn to identify species by ear, including crickets, katydids, and birds. (NPS)

Bronze copper (Lycaena hyllus), a rare butterfly photographed in the Battle Road Unit. (© Norman Levey)

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Diptera Flies & MosquitoesAnthomyia oculifera Root Maggot Fly BR 1-5Phytomyza plantaginis Leaf-mining Fly (DG) NB 1Efferia aestuans Robber Fly BR 1-5Lucilia sericata Common Green Bottle Fly BR 1-5Aedes, sp. Mosquito BR 1-5 10Condylostylus patibulatus Long-legged Fly BR 1-5Condylostylus caudatus group Long-legged FlyMesembrina latreillii Muscid Fly BR 1-5Musca domestica House Fly NB 1Sciaridae Dark-winged Fungus Gnat BR 1-5Genus (in Phoridae) Hump-backed Fly BR 1-5Genus (in Platypezidae) Flat-footed Fly BR 1-5Eristalis transversa Transverse Flower Fly BR 1-5Heliophilus fasciatus Flower Fly BR 1-5Meliscaeva cinctella Flower Fly iNShaerophoria, species Flower Fly BR 1-5Spilomyia longicornis Flower Fly BR 1-5Syrphus torvus Flower Fly BR 1-5Toxomerus, species Flower Fly BR 1-5Trichopoda plumipes Feather-leg Trichopod Fly BR 1-5 iNLimonia annulata Limonid Crane Fly BR 1-5Tipula ultima Tipulid Crane Fly BR 1-5

Observations - Insects (continued) Observations - Spiders & Mites

SPIDERS & MITES

Most spider and mite sightings were by Joe Warfel, an Arachnid specialist. The compiler (Peter Alden) does

not know of a checklist of North American or New England spiders organizing all described species with current and recent scientific names. He is quite sure there is not yet a working committee to create and /or standardize Common English names for Arachnids. The sequence given us by Joe is that used below. Four others were recorded by other observers. Eris militaris Synemosyna formica Anaphena pectorosa Mecaphesa celer Larinia borealis Leucauge venusta Venusta Orchard Spider Maevia inclemens Hyposolistes florens Dwarf Spider Agelenopsis pennsylvanica Grass Spider Tibellus rufus Tibellus oblongus Pelegrina exigua Jumping Spider Wolfia saltabundus Hibana gracilis Phidippus audax Jumping Spider Argiope trifasciata Argiope Spider Argiope arauntia Black and yellow Argiope iN Araniella displicata Mimetus puritanus Ero canionis Tetragnatha elongata Long-jaw Orb-weaver Larinioides sclopetarius Dictyna, species Dictynid Spider Dolomedes triton Six-spotted Fishing Spider Mimetid, species Genus, species Prostigmatid Mite Odiellus pictus Harvestman Philodromus vulgarus Active Crab Spider Pellagrina, species Leiobunum vittatum Harvestman Pachynatha furicillata Neospintharus trigonum Pityohyphantes costatus Estrandia grandaeva Enoplognatha marmorata Cobweb Spider Theridion frondeum Cobweb Spider Pirata, species Lycosidae, Wolf Spider NB Genus, species Trombidiform Mite Pardosa, species Genus, species Six-spotted Orb Weaver Pisaurina mira Nursery-web Spider BR 1-5 (TM) Genus, species ? Banded Garden Spider BR 1-5 Genus, species ? Funnel Spider

Dr. Edward O. Wilson with Joseph Warfel, an arachnid specialist, lecturer, and photographer who has recorded many of the over 40,000 species of spiders through “Eighth-Eye Photography.” He is a member of American Arachnological Society and second author on two scientific publications. (NPS)

Venusta Orchard Spider (Leucauge venusta) recorded in the North Bridge Unit. (© Joseph Warfel)

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Observations - Other Invertebrates

OTHER INVERTEBRATESGenus, species Brown Slug BR 10Lumbricus ?, species EarthwormOriscus asellus European Sowbug BR 1-5Philoscia muscorum SowbugGammanus ?, species Freshwater AmphipodOphyiulus pilosus Millipede BR 1-5Geophilomorpha Soil CentipedeLithoblus forficatus Stone Centipede BR 1-5

Insect experts Tom Murray, Mark Rosenstein, and Marj Rines examine species in the North Bridge Unit with park volunteer and event organizer Liam Beguhn. Marj Rines is a naturalist at Mass Audubon, where she answers questions about wildlife. (NPS)

Observations - Plant Life - Conifers, Dicots

MMNHP BioBlitz Sept 22, 2018: Vascular Plants, Lichens & Fungi Within each group plants are listed A-Z via a current scientific family name, and then A-Z by genus. To save space we skip the suffix –aceae which ends each family. Most observers noted some plants, but the bulk of the identifications came via Lisa Standley (NEWFS and NEBC), Richard Primack (BU Botany) and Ken Turkington (Trees). Not listed are horticultural plants that have not spread here (i.e. forsythia, lilacs). A “gray zone” is a number of non-native trees, some of which have youngsters. Sites recorded: NB = Old North Bridge unit; BR = Battle Road unit. Other symbols: INV = Invasive Plant; (XX) = Observer initials; iN = iNaturalist record

CONIFERSCupress… Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red-cedar BR 3 7 8 17 19 Pin… Pinus rigida Pitch Pine BR 10 16 Pinus strobus White Pine NB 1 BR 1 10 16-20 iNTax… Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock NB BR 18

DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous)Adox… Sambucus nigra Black Elderberry BR 1Caprifoli.. Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaf Viburnum NB 6 BR 1 2 10 18 19 Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum NB 6 BR 1 2 10 17-19 Viburnum nudum Wild Raisin BR 1Amaranth… Amaranthus retroflexus Green Amaranth (Redroot) BR 3Chenipodi.. Chenopdium album Lamb’s Quarters NB 1 BR 3Anacardi.. Rhus typhina (hirta) Staghorn Sumac NB 1 BR 3 18 19 Toxicodendron (Rhus) radicans Poison Ivy NB 1 6 BR 1 10 16-20 iNApi… Aegopodium podagraria INV Goutweed NB Anthriscus sylvestris INV Wild Chervil NB 1Arali.. Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla BR 1 10 19 iN Daucus carota Queen Anne’s Lace NB 1 6 10 BR 3 17 19 Pastinaca sativa Field Parsnip BR 3

Dr. Richard Primack, Professor of Biology at Boston University, studies how climate change affects flowering, leafing out, fruiting, and leaf senescence times of plants, as well as comparisons with phenological and species abundance records kept by Henry David Thoreau. (NPS)

Mark Rosenstein is a naturalist with a interest in fish, birds, butterflies, odonates, and other insects. He is currently working on a field guide to the reef fishes of Fiji. He is also an avid user of iNaturalist. (NPS)

Mark Rosenstein’s nocturnal moth identification in the evening September 21st near the Minute Man Visitor Center in the Battle Road Unit. (NPS)

The fields in the North Bridge Unit yielded an abundance of insects, dicots, and monocots. (© Beguhn family)

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DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous) continuedApocyn… Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading Dogbane BR 10 18 19 Vinca minor Lesser Periwinkle NB BR 1 17 18Aquifoli… Ilex verticillata Winterberry NB BR 1 10 20Asclepiad… Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed NB 10 BR 16 19 20 iN Cynanchum louiseae INV Black Swallow-wort NB 1Aster… Achillea millefolium Yarrow NB 1 BR 16 17 19 Ambrosia artemissifolia Ragweed NB 6 BR 16 17 Arctium minus Common Burdock NB 1 5 BR 3 10 19 20 Artemesia vulgaris Mugwort NB BR 3 Bidens connata Swamp Beggar’s-ticks iN Bidens frondosa Devil’s Beggar-ticks NB 1 BR 1 Centaurea stoebe INV Spotted Knapweed BR 3 16 19 Cichorium intybus Chicory NB 6 10 BR 3 iN Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle NB 10 BR 3 10 Conyza canadensis Horseweed NB 10 BR 3 16 19 Doellingeria (Aster) umbellata Tall Flat-topped Aster BR 1 iN Erechtites hieraciifolia Pilewort BR 1 10 Erigeron annuus Daisy Fleabane NB BR 1 Eupatorium maculatum? Joe-Pye Weed NB 1 10 Eurybia (Aster) divaricata White Wood Aster NB 1 Euthamia graminifolia Grass-leaf Goldenrod NB 1 Galinsoga quadriradiata Hairy Quickweed BR 3 Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke BR 3 Hieracium auranticum Orange Hawkweed NB Hieracium scabrum Rough Hawkweed BR 10 19 Lactuca biennis Blue Wild Lettuce NB BR 16-19 Oclemena (Aster) acuminate Whorled Wood Aster BR 10 Packera (Senecio) aurea Golden Ragwort BR 1 Prenanthes alba White Rattlesnake-root BR 1 2 Psuedognaphalium obtusifolium? Sweet Everlasting NB 10 BR 17-20 Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan NB 6 BR 3 Scorzoneroides autumnalis Fall Dandelion NB 4 6 Solidago caesia Blue-stem Goldenrod BR 1 10 16-20 iN Solidago canadensis Canadian Goldenrod BR 1 2 Solidago gigantea Late Goldenrod BR 10 Solidago nemoralis Gray Goldenrod BR 1 Solidago puberula Downy Goldenrod BR 10 Solidago rugosa Rough Goldenrod NB 1 BR 1 Symphyotrichum (Aster) cordifolium Heart-leaf Aster BR 1 2 ericoides Heath White Aster BR 3 lateriflorum Calico Aster BR 1 2 nova-angliae New England Aster NB BR 10 nova-belgii New York Aster BR 3 pilosum Hairy Aster BR 3 puniceum Purple-stem (Swamp) Aster NB 1 BR 1 2 iN

Observations - Dicots (continued) Observations - Dicots (continued)

DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous) continued Aster... (cont.) Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion NB 1 6 7 BR10 17-20 Tussilago farfara INV Colt’s-foot BR 1 Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed NB Balsamin… Impatiens capensis Orange Jewelweed NB BR 1 16 17 20Berberid… Berberis thunbergii INV Japanese Barberry NB 6 BR 1 19 Podophyllum peltatum May-apple NB 6Betul… Alnus incana Speckled Alder NB 1 BR 16 17 Betula allegheniensis Yellow Birch BR 10 Betula lenta Black (Sweet) Birch BR 10 Betula nigra River Birch NB 6 Betula populifolia Gray Birch BR 10 16 19 Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazelnut BR 1 10 Ostrya virginiana Hop-hornbeam NB 6Bignoni… Campsis radicans Trumpet-creeper BR 10 Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa NB 6 8 BR 3 8 19 20 iNBoragin… Myosotis scorpiodes True Forget-me-not NB 1Brassic… Allaria officinalis INV Garlic Mustard NB 1 6 8 BR 1 17 Berteroa incana Hoary Alyssum BR 3 Lepidium campestre Cow Cress BR 3 Lepidium virginicum Poor-man’s Pepper NB BR 16Caesalpini… Chaemaecrista fasciculate Partridge Pea NB 1 6Campanul… Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower NB Lobelia inflata Indian Tobacco BR 10Caprifoli… Lonicera japonica INV Japanese Honeysuckle BR 18 Lonicera x belli INV Asian Bush Honeysuckle NB 10 BR 1 16-20 Lonicera morrowii INV Morrow’s Honeysuckle NB Sambucus canadensis Black Elderberry NB 1Caryophyll… Dianthus deltoids Maiden Pink BR 10 Sagina procumbens Matted Pearlwort NB 6 Saponaria officinalis Bouncing Bet BR 18 Silene latifolia White Campion BR 10

Asters and bees (Symphyotrichum sp.) in Battle Road Unit. (© Soheil Zendeh)

Tara Miller, a graduate student at Boston Univerisity provided expertise in plant identification. (NPS)

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DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous) continuedCelastr… Celastrus orbiculatus INV Oriental Bittersweet NB 6-8 BR 1 10 16-20 iN Euonymus alatus INV Winged Burning-bush NB 1 6 BR 1 10 19 20 Euonymus europaea European Spindle Tree BR 10 Euonymus fortunei INV? Wintercreeper NBClethr… Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepperbush BR 10 18Clusi… Hypericum perforatum Common St. John’s-wort NBConvolvul… Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed NB 1 Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed NB BR 16 Cuscuta gronovii Common Dodder NBCorn… Cornus amommum Silky Dogwood NB 4 BR 17 Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood BR 17 18 Cornus rugosa Round-leaf Dogwood BR 1Crassul… Hydrotelephium telephium Sedum (Live-forever) NB BR 1 10 19Cucurbit… Echinocystis lobata Prickly Cucumber NB 1 iNElaegin… Elaeagnus umbellatus INV Autumn-olive BR 19Eric… Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry BR 19 Chimaphila maculata Spotted Wintergreen BR 1 10 18 19 Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa BR 10 Hypopitys monotropa Pinesap BR 10 Kalmia angustifolia Sheep Laurel BR 10 Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel BR 18 Monotropa uniflora Indian Pipe BR 10 iN Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea BR 1 Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush Blueberry BR 1 19 20 Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry BR 1 10 16-19Euphorbi.. Acalypha rhomboidea Three-seeded Mercury NB 10 BR 1 5 (Virginia Copperleaf) Chamaesyce maculata Spotted Spurge NB 1 6 Euphorbia esula INV Leafy Spurge BR 10Fab. Amorpha fruticosa False Indigo BR 1 19 Apios americana Ground-nut NB 6 BR 1 Gleditsia triacanthos INV? Honey Locust NB Robinia psuedoacacia INV Black Locust NB 6 BR 10 16 19 Trifolium arvense Rabbit-foot Clover BR 10 Trifolium pretense Red Clover NB 1 6 10 BR 3 17 18 iN Trifolium repens White Clover NB BR Securigera (Coronilla) varia Crown Vetch NB Vicia cracca Cow Vetch NB BR 3 17 iNFag… Fagus grandifolia American Beech NB BR 1 10 17 19 Quercus alba White Oak NB 6 BR 1 10 16-20 Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak NB 6 7 BR 1 7 8 10 Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak BR 10 Quercus montana (prinus) Chestnut Oak BR 1 Quercus palustris Pin Oak NB 4 BR 10 Quercus robur INV? English Oak BR 19 (L of bluff) Quercus rubra Red Oak NB 1 BR 15-20 Quercus velutina Black Oak BR 1Gerani… Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium NB 1 BR 18Hamamelid… Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel NB 6

Observations - Dicots (continued) Observations - Dicots (continued)

DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous) continued Hyperic.(Clusi.) Hypericum perforatum Common St. John’s-wort BR 1 Triadenum virginicum Pink St. John’s-wort BR 1Jugland… Carya glabra Pignut Hickory BR 10 18-20 Juglans nigra Black Walnut NB 10Lami… Glechoma hederacea Gill-over-the-ground NB 1 10 BR 3 17 19 Mentha arvensis Field Mint NB 3 Mentha canadensis American Wild Mint BR 10 Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot NB Origanum vulgare Oregano BR 3 Prunella vulgaris Heal-all (Self-heal) NB 10 BR 3 iN Salvia pratensis Meadow Sage BR 3Laur. Lindera benzoin Spicebush BR 10 Sassafras albidum Sassafras BR 10 18Lythr… Lythrum salicaria INV Purple Loosestrife NB 1 BR 1 2 16 17 19 iNMagnoli… Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree NB 7 BR 10 19Myric… Comptonia peregrina Sweet-fern BR 19 Myrica gale Sweet Gale BR 16Myrsin… Lysimachia (Trientalis) borealis Starflower BR 1Primul… Lysimachia terrestris Swamp-candles BR 1Nyphae… Nuphar variegate Yellow Water-lily BR 1Nyss… Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo BR 10Ole… Fraxinus americana White Ash NB BR 1 10 19 20 Ligustrum, species INV Privet, species NB 1 4Onagr… Circaea canadensis (lutetiana) Enchanter’s Nightshade NB BR 10 19 Epilobium ciliatum American Willow-herb BR 1 Oenothera biennis Common Evening-Primrose iNOxalid… Oxalis stricta European Wood-sorrel NB 1 BR 1-3 17-20Papaver… Chelodium majus INV Greater Celandine NB 1 6 BR 1 17 18Phytolacc… Phytolacca americana Pokeweed NB 1 6 BR 1 16 20 iNPlantagin. Plantago lanceolata English Plantain NB 1 6 BR 17-19 Plantago major Common Plantain NB 1 6 BR 17 18 20 Plantago rugellii American Plantain NB 6 Veronica officinalis Common Speedwell BR 3Polygon… Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat NB Fallopia japonica INV Japanese Knotweed NB 6 BR 1 10 16 18 19 (Polygonum cuspidatum) Persicaria longiseta Chinese Smartweed BR 10 iN (Polygonum cespitosum) Persicaria maculata Spotted Lady’s Thumb BR Persicaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania Smartweed BR 1 16 17 19 Persicaria persicaria Lady’s Thumb NB 1 Persicaria sagittata Arrow-leaf Tear-thumb BR 10 iN Persicaria virginiana Jumpseed BR 1 10 18 Polygonum aviculare Prostrate Knotweed NB 6 Rumes crispus Curly-leaf Dock NB 1 BR 10, 16 18-20Ranuncul… Coptis trifolia Goldthread BR 1 2 Ranunculus repens INV Creeping Buttercup NB 6

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DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous) continued Rhamn… Rhamnus frangula INV Glossy Buckthorn NB 1 6 BR 1 10 12 16-20 Rhamnus catharctica INV Common Buckthorn NB 6 BR 1 16-20Ros... Amelanchier arborea? Shadbush, species BR 10 20 Crataegus, species Hawthorn, species BR 20 Geum canadensis White Avens BR 10 Malus pumila Wild Apple NB 10 BR 10 Malus, species Crabapple, species NB 1 BR 18-20 Potentilla argentea Silvery Cinquefoil BR 3 Potentilla recta Rough-fruit Cinquefoil BR 3 Potentilla simplex Old Field Cinquefoil NB BR 10 Prunus serotina Black Cherry NB 6 BR 1 7 10 16-20 Rosa multiflora INV Multiflora Rose NB 1 6 10 BR 1 10 16-20 Rosa virginiana Virginia Rose BR 16 Rubus allegheniensis Common Blackberry NB BR 10 18 19 Rubus frondosus Leafy Blackberry BR 10 Rubus hispidus Running Dewberry BR 1 10 18 19 Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry NB 4 Rubus occidentalis Black Raspberry BR 10 Sorbus aucuparia European Mountain-ash BR 10 Spiraea alba Meadowsweet BR 1 Spiraea tomentosa Steeple-bush BR 1Rubi… Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush NB 1 6 BR 1 iN Galium aparine Cleavers BR 3 Galium mollugo Field Madder NB1 BR 3 Mitchella repens Partridgeberry BR 1 10 iNSalic… Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood BR 1 18 19 Populus grandidentata Big-tooth Aspen BR 1 17 Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen BR 16 19 Salix bebbiana Bebb Willow NB Salix nigra Black Willow NB 6Sapind… Acer pensylvanicus Striped Maple BR 10Acer... Acer platanoides INV Norway Maple NB 10 BR 1 10 17 19 20 Acer psuedoplatanus INV Sycamore Maple BR 10 Acer rubrum Red Maple NB 1 6 BR 1 10 16-20 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple NB 1 4 5 10 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple NB 1 4 6 BR 10Scrophulari.. Chelone glabra INV White Turtlehead NB Linaria vulgaris Butter-and-eggs BR 3 10 16 17 19 Verbascum thaspus Common Mullein NB 1 BR 16-20 iNSimarub… Ailanthus altissima INV Tree-of-Heaven/Hell BR 1 10Solan… Physalis heterophylla Clammy Ground-cherry BR 10 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Nightshade NB 1 BR 3 19 iNTil… Tilia americana Basswood (Am. Linden) NB 4 BR 10 Tilia cordata Small-leaf Linden NB 6 (KT)Ulm… Ulmus americana American Elm NB 1 4 BR 1 10Urtic… Boehmeria cylindrical False Nettle BR 1 Pilea pumila Clearweed BR 1 Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle NB BR 3

Observations - Dicots (continued) Observations - Dicots (continued), Monocots

DICOTS (Woody and Herbaceous) continued Verben… Verbena hastata Blue Vervain NB iN Verbena officinalis European Vervain BR 1 Verbena urticifolia White Vervain BR 10Viol… Viola, species Violet, species NB 6 BR 1 17 18Vit... Ampelopsis glandulosa INV Porcelainberry NB 1 6 8 (brevipendunculata) Parthenocissus virginiana Virginia Creeper NB 1 6 BR 3 10 16 17 20 Vitis aestivalis Summer Grape NB 1 BR 3 10 16 18

MONOCOTSAr... Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit BR 1 10 iNCommelin… Commelina communis Asian Dayflower BR 3 8 10 iNCyper… Carex debilis Stalked Sedge BR 1 Carex gynandra Northern Awned Sedge BR 1 Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania Sedge BR 10 Carex stricta Tussock Sedge BR Carex swanii Swan’s Sedge BR 1 Carex tribuloides Blunt Broom-Sedge BR 10 Setaria faberi Japanese Bristlegrass BR Scirpus cyperinus Common Bull-Sedge NB 1 BRHemerocall... Hemerocallis fulva Orange Day-Lily BR 10Irid… Iris pseudacorus INV Yellow Flag Iris NB 1 Iris versicolor Northern Blue Flag Iris NBJunc… Juncus tenuis Path Rush BR 1Lili… Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley NB BR 10 18-20 Maianthemum canadense Canada Mayflower BR 1 Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon’s-seal BR 10 19Smilac... Smilax herbacea Carrion-flower NB Smilax rotundifolia Round-leaf Greenbrier BR 1 10 17 18 20Orchid… Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady’s-slipper BR 10 Epipactis helleborine Helleborine BR 10

Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum) in the Battle Road Unit (BR-1) in Concord, just south of Lexington Road. (© Soheil Zendeh)

Botanist Dr. Lisa Standley specializes in sedges and is currently curator of the New England Botanical Club Herbarium. She has authored the Field Guide to Carex of New England, and numerous scientific papers. (NPS)

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MONOCOTS (cont.) Poaceae Agrostris perennans Upland Bent Grass BR 3 Andropogon gerardii Big Blue-stem Grass BR 3 Bromus inermis Smooth Brome BR 3 Cinna arundinacea Wood-reed BR 1 Colaeteania longifolia Long-leaf Panic-Grass BR 1 Dactylis glomerata Orchard Grass NB 4 BR 3 Danthonia compressa Woodland Oat-Grass BR 10 Dichanthelium acuminatum Fascicled Panic-Grass BR 10 Dichanthelium clandestinum Deer-tongue Grass NB 1 4 BR 10 Digitaria ischaemum Smooth Crab Grass NB 4 6 BR 10 16 17 20 Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard Grass BR 3 Elymus (Elytrigia) repens Quack Grass BR 3 Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Love-Grass BR 3 Festuca rubra Red (Creeping) Fescue NB Glyceria canadense Rattlesnake Grass BR 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Meadow Grass BR 1 Leersia virginica White Grass BR 1 Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-Grass NB BR 3 Microstegium vimineum INV Japanese Stilt-Grass BR 1 Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill Grass BR 1 Panicum dichotomiflorum Fall Panic-Grass NB 4 BR 1 Phalaris arundinacea INV Reed Canary-Grass NB 4 BR 1 3 Phleum pretense Timothy Grass BR 3 Phragmites australis INV Phragmites BR 3 Poa compressa Canada Blue-Grass BR 10 Poa pratensis Kentucky Blue-Grass BR 3 Poa trivialis Rough Blue-Grass BR 1 Schedonorus arundinacea Tall Fescue BR 10 Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem NB BR 16 Setaria pumila (Glauca) Yellow Foxtail NB 4 6Ponderi… Pontederia cordata Pickerel-weed NBSpargani… Sparganium americanum Common Bur-reed NBTyph… Typha latifolia Broad-leaf Cat-tail BR 3 10

Observations - Monocots (continued) Observations - Ferns, Allies, Liverworts, MossesFERNS and alliesDennstaedti… Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hay-scented Fern BR 10 iN Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern BR 19Dryopterid… Dryopteris intermedia Intermediate Fern BR 1 Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood (Shield) Fern BR 1Equiset… Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail BR 1 10Lycopodi… Dendrolycopodium obscurum Tree Clubmoss BR 10Marsile… Marsilea quadrifolia Water-clover NB 6Onocle.. Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern NB 1 6 BR 1-5 19 20 iNOsmund… Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern NB 1 6 BR 1 10 16 19 29 Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern BR 1-5 Osmunda regalis Royal Fern NB 1 6 BR 1 10 17 iNThelypterid… Parathelypteris novaboracensis New York Fern BR 1 10 Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern NB 1Woodsi… Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern BR 1 10

LIVERWORTS Frullaria, species (oakesiana?) A Liverwort X

MOSSES (no specialist) Sphagnum, species Sphagnum Moss, species BR 1

SLIME MOLDS Stemonitis species Myxomycetes (KF)

Leafhopper on monocot blade. (© Soheil Zendeh) Lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina) in the Battle Road Unit. (© Soheil Zendeh)

Intermediate fern (Dryopteris intermedia) in the Battle Road Unit. (© Soheil Zendeh)

Marty Michener is a zoologist and botanist, and author of several publications including Botany Everywhere - Woods, field, home and garden plants of Northeast USA. (NPS)

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Observations - Lichens Observations - Lichens (continued), Mushrooms

LICHENS

Lichens were recorded by Kay Fairweather in either or both park units. Species listed A - Z by genus without groupings. Acarospora fuscata Brown Cobblestone Lichen Arthonia caesia Frosted Comma Lichen Bryoria furcellata Burred Horsehair Lichen Caloplaca flavovirescens Sulphur Firedot Lichen Candelaria concolor Candleflame Lichen Candellariella efflorescens Powdery Goldspeck Lichen Candellariella vitellina Common Goldspeck Lichen Cladonia coniocraea Common Powderhorn Cladonia cristatella British Soldiers Cladonia incrassate Powder-foot British Soldiers Cladonia macilenta Lipstick Powderhorn Cladonia pyxidata Pebbled Pixie-cup Cladonia rei Wand Lichen Dimeleina oreina Golden Moonglow Lichen Evernia mesomorpha Boreal Oakmoss Lichen Flavoparmelia baltimorensis Rock Greenshield Lichen Flavoparmelia caperata Common Greenshield Lichen Hypogymnia physodes Hooded Tube Lichen Lecanora dispersa Mortar Rim-Lichen Lecanora hypocarba Bumpy Rim-Lichen Lecanora symmicta Fused Rim-Lichen Lecanora thysanophera Mapledust Lichen Melanelia subaurifera Abraided Camouflage Lichen Parmelia squarrosa Bottlebrush Shield Lichen Parmelia sulcata Hammered Shield Lichen Parmotrema hypotropum Powdered Ruffle Lichen Phaeophyscia rubrapulchra Orange-cored Shadow Lichen

LICHENS (continued) Physcia adscendens Hooded Rosette Lichen Physcia millegrana Mealy Rosette Lichen Physcia stellaris Star Rosette Lichen Physcia subtilis Slender Rosette Lichen Porpidia crustulata Concentric Boulder Lichen Psilolechia lucida Sulphur Dust Lichen Punctelia rudecta Rough Speckled Shield Lichen Pyrrhospora varians Crimson Dot Lichen Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans Scattered Rock-posy Tuckermanopsis americana Fringed Wrinkle Lichen Usnea strigosa Bushy Beard Lichen Xanthoparmelia conspersa Peppered Rock-shield

MUSHROOMS

Most noted by Larry Millman of Boston Mycological Club, with additions by Ken Turkington, Kay

Fairweather, Lisa Standley, Zachary Chavez, as well as photographs by Soheil Zendeh. Species listed A - Z by genus without groupings and most without annotations of sites within park.

Agaricus campestris Meadow Mushroom Amanita brunnescens Cleft-foot Amanita (Deathcap) Amanita flavoconia Yellow-patches Amanita iN Amanita fulva Tawny Grisette Antrodia, species Fungus Antrodiella cf semisupina Fungus Apiosporina morbosa Black Knot-of-cherry BR 17 (PA) Armillaria mellea complex Honey Mushroom (KF) Athelia, species Fungus Astroboletus auripes Fungus Astroboletus gracilis Graceful Bolete Bisporella citrine Lemon Drops Boletellus chrysenteroides Cracked-cap Bolete Boletus cf. innixus Fungus Boletus subvelutipes Red-mouth Bolete Boletus, species Bolete Botryobasidium, species Fungus Calvatia craniformis Skull-shaped Puffball Calvatia cyathiformis Purple-spore Puffball Cercospora, species Fungus Cerrena unicolor Mossy-maze Polypore Cheimonophytum candidissimus White Oysterette (LS) Chlorociboria, species Green Stain Clavaria cristata White Coral Fungus Clavaria (Clavulina) cinerea Gray Coral Fungus Clavulinopsis fusiformis Golden Spindles BR 10 Coprinus micaceus Mica Inky Cap Cortinarius iodes Viscid Violet Cort Cortinarius, species Cort

Kay Fairweather specializes in lichens and mushrooms, and is author of Who’s Who in the Natural World, Selections from a 10-year ramble through a corner of New England. (NPS)

Lichen on a tree trunk in the North Bridge Unit. (© Soheil Zendeh)

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Observations - Mushrooms (continued) Observations - Mushrooms (continued)MUSHROOMS (continued) Crepidotus applanatus Flat Crep Crucibulum levis Bird’s-nest Fungus iN Cyathus striatus Streaked Bird’s-nest Fungus NB Cystoderma, species Fungus Daedalea quercina Thick-maze Polypore Daedaeleopsis confragosa Thin-maze Polypore Entoloma strictus Entoloma Fomitopsis (Piploporus) betulinus Birch Polypore BR 10 Fomitopsis pinicola Red-belted Polypore Ganoderma applanatum Artist’s Conk (Fungus) Gloeoporus dichrous Fungus Gymnopilus, species Gym Fungus Gymnopus butyracea Butter Cup Gymnopus dryophilus Oak-loving Collybia Gymnopus, species Collybia Hygrocybe marginata Orange-gilled Waxy-cap Hymenopellis furfuracea Rooting Collybia Hypomyces chrysospermus Common Bolete Mold (KF) Inocybe fuscodisca Black-nipple Fiberhead Irpex lacteus Milk-white Toothed Polypore Laccaria laccata Waxy (Lacquered) Laccaria Lactarius, species Milky Fungus Leccinum scabrum Birch Scaber-stalk Lepiota cristata Parasol Mushroom Lophodermium pinastri Fungus

MUSHROOMS (continued) Lycoperdon perlatum Gem-studded Puffball Lycoperdon marginatum or echinatum Puffball species Macrolepiota procera Parasol Mushroom Marasmius oreades Fairyring Mushroom Marasmius, species Marasmius Mollisia cinerea Gray Cup Mycena galericulata Rosy-gill Fairy-helmet Mycena inclinata Mycena Mycena, species Mycena Orbilia inflatula Fungus Otidea cf. alutacea Otidea Sac Fungi Oxyporus cf. latemarginatus Polypore Panellus stipticus Luminescent Polypore (Night Light) Parasola plicatilis Japanese Umbrella Inky Peniophora cinerea Bracket Fungus Phaeocalicium polyporaeum Polypore Phellinus gilvus Mustard Yellow Polypore Phellinus, species Polypore Phlebia tremellosa Trembling Merulius Pluteus cervinus Deer (Fawn) Mushroom Polyporus varius Black-foot (Elegant) Polypore Radulodon americanus Fungus Rosellinia subiculata Fungus Russula emetica Emetic Russula BR 10 Russula laurocerasi Almond-scented Russula Russula, species Russula Russula, species Russula Schizophyllum commune Common Split-gill Scutellina scutellata Eyelash Cup (LS)

Larry Millman is a mycologist, ethnographer, and author of several books, including Fascinating Fungi of New England. (NPS)

Ken Turkington assisted with the identification of woody plants and mushrooms. (NPS)

A common polypore mushroom growing on a tree known as “turkey tail” (Trametes versicolor), with nearby lichen. (© Soheil Zendeh)

A honey mushroom (Armillaria mellea complex) identified by Kay Fairweather. (© Soheil Zendeh)

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Minute Man National Historical Park would like to thank all involved in the BioBlitz for their time and expertise. The event was a tremendous success and hopefully will inspire future events. The event was coordinated by Peter Alden, Margie Coffin Brown, Liam Beguhn, and Kathy Stark Dia. Subject Experts included Dr. Edward O. Wilson, Peter Alden, Kathy Stark Dia, Dan Robbins, Cherrie Corey, Alan Bragg, Paul Miliotis, Kay Fairweather, Tom Murray, Larry Millman, Joe Warfel, Matt Burne, David Gregg, Simon Perkins, Marj Rines, Mark Rosenstein, Lisa Standley, Ken Turkington, Soheil Zendeh, Marty Michener, Norman Levey, Richard Primack, Melani Sleder, Ryne MacBride, Zachary Chavez, Jonathan Layman, Will Martens, and Tara Miller. Participants included Peggy Brace, Delia Kaye, Joan Ferguson, Judy Schwenk, Lyndon Langthorne, James Flory, Betsy Lanjuin, Anne Lanjuin, Julia Luz, Renata Kapisch, Jill Beguhn, Shawn Beguhn, and more (for more observers and identifiers, visit www.inaturalist.org/projects/minute-man-national-historical-park-bioblitz?tab=observers) Donna Kim designed the graphic and Phil Lupsiewicz captured NPS photographs. Logisitical support was provided by Park Superintendent BJ Dunn, Bill Brooks, Geff Grossman, Dan Robbins, Leslie Obleschuk, Michelle Blees, Ryan Ullrich, and Elaine Miller. For more information, contact margie_coffin_brown@nps.gov.

BioBlitz Acknowledgments

MUSHROOMS (continued) Skeletocutis cf. nivea Fungus Sparassis crispa Eastern Cauliflower Mushroom Spongipellis pachydon Spongy Toothed-Polypore Stemonitis, species Myxomycete (KF) Stereum complicatum Crowded Parchment Stereum ostrea False Turkeytail Strobilomyces strobilaceus Old Man-of-the-Woods Trametes conchifer Nesting Polypore Trametes betulinus Gilled Polypore Trametes hirsute Hairy Turkeytail Trametes pubescens Turkeytail Trametes versicolor Versicolored Turkeytail iN Trichaptum biforme Purple (Violet) Toothed-Polypore iN Trichoglossum farlowii Earth Tongue Tricholomopsis (Megacollybia) cf. platyphylla Platterful Mushroom Trichopilus, species Fungus Tyromyces chioneus White Cheese Polypore Xylaria polymorpha Dead Man’s Fingers

Minute Man NHP Resource Management Team and Summer Stewards with Peter Alden and Dr. Wilson. Team members left to right include James Flory, Lyndon Langthorne, Liam Beguhn, Dan Robbins, and Margie Coffin Brown. (NPS)

Avid birder and expert Melani Sleder. (NPS)

The event provided an opportunity to inventory species as well as meet with other naturalists. (NPS)

Special thanks to Naturalist Peter Alden who compiled these BioBlitz results. Peter has led nature tours in over 100 countries, and from pole to pole. He has authored fifteen books including the National Audubon Field Guide to New England. He initiated the biodiversity day concept at Walden Pond in 1998, which subsequently spawned similar events worldwide. (NPS)

Mushroom to be identified. Send your identification to mima.bioblitz@gmail.com (© Photo by Soheil Zendeh)

Observations - Mushrooms (continued)

Dr. David Gregg (left) speaking with Dr. Wilson and Peggy Brace. David is executive director of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey, which hosts public events including the annual Rhode Island BioBlitz. (NPS)

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Humanity is a biological species, living in a biological environment, because like all species, we are exquisitely adapted in everything: from our behavior, to our genetics, to our physiology, to that particular environment in which we live. The earth is our home. Unless we preserve the rest of life, as a sacred duty, we will be endangering ourselves by destroying the home in which we evolved, and on which we completely depend. - Edward O. Wilson

Minute Man National Historical Park174 Liberty StreetConcord, MA 01742978-369-6993www.nps.gov/mima/