2017 Agribee Wordlist Basic Word List.pdf · bridle the headgear used to control a horse I have a...

2017 Agribee Wordlist

Word Definition Sentence

absorb to drink up or take in A plants roots absorb water from the soil.

abundant plentiful There was an abundant rice crop last year.

acidosis the unfavorable formation of too much acid produced in a

digestive system

Acidosis in cattle can be easily treated if caught early.

acorn nut from an oak tree The acorn was an important part of the Native American diet.

acre a unit of land measure The farmer planted one acre of corn.

acreage the number of acres in a piece or pieces of land Steve needed to know the total acreage of rice he farms before ordering

seed this year.

aerial in the air or flying; a method of application Rice farmers use aerial seeding to plant rice.

aggregate a total of different parts The aggregate nut crops grown in Butte County mostly contain almonds,

walnuts and pistachios.

agribusiness any business associated with farming Our local feed store is an agribusiness.

agronomy science of producing and using plants for fuel, food and fiber A farmer needs to have a good understanding of agronomy to produce

bountiful crops

alfalfa a legume grown as feed for livestock The rancher is feeding alfalfa to the lambs in the pasture.

almond an edible nut, oval shaped and pointed at one end There are many almond orchards in Butte County.

amendment any material added to soil to improve water retention, drainage,

and overall structure

The farmer used compost as a soil amendment.

ammonia a strong-smelling gas formed naturally when bacteria

decompose nitrogen-containing compounds, such as manure

I wrinkled my nose because it smelled like ammonia as I drove by the cow

pasture.

angora a rabbit or goat with a coat about 3 inches long, raised for wool

or meat

Jessica is raising an angora rabbit for 4H this year.

annual a plant that lives for only one growing season Mary planted many annual flowers in her garden this year.

anther the male part of a flower that produces the pollen The legs of the bee pick up pollen from one anther and take it to the next

flower.

anvil a block with a hard surface on which another object is struck the blacksmith shaped the horseshoe on an anvil

aphid a small insect that feeds on the juice of plants I see an aphid on that plant.

apiary a place where bees and their hives are kept; a beekeeping

business for the purpose of breeding and supplying bees, honey

and other bee products

The apiary reached its maximum number of bees.

apiculture beekeeping Study apiculture before you buy your bees.


aquaculture the cultivation of aquatic animals; underwater agriculture,

especially fish, shellfish, seaweed

The quality of young fish is important for successful aquaculture production.

aquifer an underground layer of porous rock or sand containing water

where wells may be sunk

The farmer located a large aquifer on his property.

arid extremely dry Crops need regular irrigation in arid regions of California.

artichoke the flower of a thistlelike plant, cooked as a vegetable Lemon juice will prevent an artichoke from turning brown.

asparagus the tender shoots of a plant of the lily family, cooked as a

vegetable

My favorite way to eat asparagus is to grill it.

assessment an appraisal or evaluation The assessment on my father's property was valued at $150,000.

attractant a chemical that lures insects or other pests by stimulating their

sense of smell

The attractant worked well to confuse the crop's pests.

auction a sale where bids are received and the item is sold to the highest

bidder

The 4H hogs were sold at auction this summer.

auger a tool or machine with a corkscrew-shaped bit for drilling holes Dad used an auger to drill post holes

bale to pack into a large bundle The baler machine will bale the hay into large rectangles.

baler farm equipment that compresses and binds straw, hay, or cotton

into a standard-sized bundle

The baler was attached to the tractor.

bark the outer covering of tree trunks and branches The bark of the tree was very rough.

barley a cereal grass with seeds used as a food Barley is a healthy addition to a vegetable soup.

barn a building for storing hay, grain and often for housing livestock Please bring the cows in to the barn tonight.

barometer an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure A barometer can be used to forecast the weather.

bees a four-winged insect used for pollination and honey production Bees pollinate the flowers of many California crops

beneficials insects that help to control crop pests Ladybugs are important beneficials to control aphid populations.

biodiesel a fuel partially made from oily plant products for use in diesel

engines

My family bought a truck that runs on biodiesel.

biology the science of living organisms We studied bees in biology class.

biomass any living matter that can be changed into energy We can burn plant biomass to produce steam for making electricity.

birthweight the weight of an animal when it is born The birthweight of the calf was 65 pounds.

bleat the cry of a sheep or goat I hear the bleat of my new goat.


blight any weather or soil condition, parasite, disease or insect that

kills, withers, or stops the growth of plants

Late spring rains caused blight that ruined the cherries last year.

bloat a severe swelling up of the abdomen, caused by gas; usually in

animals that graze or over eat

If allowed to suddenly overeat in lush alfalfa pasture, sheep may suffer

bloat.

blossom the flower of a plant The almond blossom's color is delicate pink.

bluegrass a perennial pasture grass with a blue-green tint Bluegrass is a nutritious plant that livestock feed on.

boll a type of seed pod When the cotton boll opens, it is getting ready for harvest.

bolt to flower or produce seeds prematurely As the season gets warmer, the lettuce will bolt.

bolus regurgitated food that has been chewed The cow was chewing on a bolus of food.

borer an insect or insect larva that chews or tunnels into the woody

parts of plants

This sweet corn is genetically modified to protect itself from corn borer

insect damage.

botanical having to do with plants We visited the botanical gardens in San Francisco last weekend.

botany the study of plants Having studied botany, Neil has always been a keen gardener.

bovine pertaining to cattle, buffalo or oxen Our neighbor's pasture is home to a large bovine herd.

branch a limb or offshoot of any main stem We sat on the tree's lowest branch.

bridle the headgear used to control a horse I have a new bridle for my horse.

broccoli a vegetable having dense clusters of green flower buds Steamed broccoli is delicious when served with cheese sauce.

broiler a young chicken, usually 6-8 weeks old, that is raised for meat Broiler chickens have been bred to gain weight rapidly.

butterfly an insect with long, usually colorful wings, a slender body, and

long antennae

The butterfly is an important plant pollinator.

byproducts products made during the making or processing of something

else

Lanolin is one of many sheep byproducts.

calf a cow's offspring The cow's calf was recently born.

cambium a thin layer of tissue between the bark and wood of a tree In a tree, the cambium layer repeatedly subdivides to form new wood and

bark.

candling shining a light behind eggs to check for cracks and other

problems

Candling is a good way to check the health of a chick before it hatches.

canned preserved in a metal or glass container Some peaches from this orchard will be sent to the cannery to be canned.

cannery a place where foods are canned My brother works at the local peach cannery.

canopy the leafy portion of a tree or shrub It felt much cooler underneath the walnut tree's canopy.

cantaloupe a melon having a tan rind with sweet fragrant orange flesh Cantaloupe is one of my favorite summertime melons.


carding combing the clean, dry wool to straighten the fibers The farmer is carding his wool before it is used to make yarn.

carryover a portion of the current year's crop that will be sold in the next

year's crop

The large carryover of the 2008 rice crop made it difficult to sell the new

2009 rice crop.

casein the main protein in milk Casein is often removed from milk products and used in processed foods.

castrate to remove the reproductive organs of a male animal The rancher had to castrate some of his animals to make them more docile

and to prevent disease.

caterpillar a worm-like insect larva of a butterfly or moth I put the caterpillar in a jar with a stick.

catkin a dense spike of small, petalless flowers The blossom of a walnut is called a catkin.

cauliflower a garden plant grown for its compact edible head of usually

white undeveloped flowers

My dad found caterpillars on our cauliflower seedlings.

cell the hexagon-shaped unit which honeybees make for storage Honeybees construct a special cell for the queen larvae.

chaff the husks of wheat, or other grain, separated in threshing The chaff is used for fodder after sorting it from the wheat.

chili a pungent pepper related to the tomato My mother added a hot chili to the barbeque sauce.

chlorophyll the green colored matter of plants that functions in

photosynthesis

Chlorophyll in a plant makes the leaves green.

citron the lemon-like fruit of an Asian citrus tree Dried citron is good in fruitcakes.

citrus fruits of the lemon, lime, orange, etc., trees Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits.

climate typical weather in a certain region It is wise to consider climate conditions before planting a crop.

cluster A number of things of the same kind, growing or held together; a

bunch

The grapes hung from the vine in a cluster.

clutch the number of eggs produced or incubated at one time A hen will wait patiently on her clutch.

coalition combination of alliances, for example farmers, ranchers and agri-

business

Butte County has formed a water coalition to talk about water and

environmntal issues.

cockerel a male chicken under one year of age Every morning at 5:30am, the cockerel sits on the fence and crows.

cocoons the silk coverings of pupae which are spun by larvae There were two cocoons attached to the branch.

commodity basic items or staple products of agriculture Wheat is a very important and versatile commodity.

compost a mixture of decaying vegetable scraps and manure used as a

fertilizer and soil conditioner

Many people use vegetable trimmings to create compost for their garden.

conifer a cone-bearing plant with thin, needle-like leaves A pine tree is a conifer.

conservation management of human and natural resources to provide long-

term benefits

Water conservation has been of great concern in our community due to lack

of rain.


consumer a person who buys goods or services for their own use Farmers try to understand what the consumer likes to buy.

corral an enclosure for confining animals We keep the horses in the corral.

crimp the natural waviness of sheep's wool The crimp in this wool is extreme and making it hard to card.

crop something that can be harvested The rice crop is ready for harvest in the fall.

crossbreeding the mating of two different breeds within the same species Ranchers often rely on crossbreeding of their livestock in order to improve

certain characteristics in the animals.

crown the point at or just below the soil surface where the main stem

and roots join together

He was relieved that the crown of the tree showed no signs of disease.

cucumber a long green vegetable used in salads and for pickling A chilled cucumber was sliced and put into sandwiches.

cultivar a variety of a plant selected for its specific characteristics Beefsteak is a tomato cultivar.

cultivate to prepare the ground for the growing of crops We will cultivate this field before we plant corn.

cutability the estimated percentage of salable meat from a carcass The cutability of top quality beef is higher than those of lesser quality.

dandelions plants with bright yellow flowers on hollow stalks that produce

fluffy white seed heads

Dandelions always sprout up in my lawn.

deadhead to remove spent flowers or unwanted growth from a plant to

encourage more flowering and/or bushier foliage

I need to deadhead my roses to keep them blooming all summer long.

deciduous a type of plant that loses its leaves or needles in the fall and

winter

Trees such as peaches and prunes are deciduous.

dehydrator a machine that removes water from foods in order to preserve

them

We used a dehydrator to make homemade fruit rollups.

dibble a pointed gardening tool used for making holes in soil, especially

for planting bulbs and seedlings

After tilling the soil, the gardener used a dibble to plant her flower seedlings.

dieback progressive death of branches or shoots beginning at the tips Insufficient watering and feeding can cause dieback in many perennial

plants.

disinfect to kill bacteria with a chemical Before and after collecting eggs, I always disinfect my hands.

ditch a narrow channel dug in the ground, usually used for irrigation or

drainage

The farmer dug a ditch around his crop for easier access to water.

dock the part of a tail left after cutting or clipping The dock of the lamb was very short.

dockage a factor in the grading of grains and oilseeds The dockage reduced the overall price of the load of rice delivered to the

mill.

domestic of the home and family, made in one's own country We purchased domestic cheese for the harvest party.

dormancy a season in which a plant stops most growth activity During the dormancy period the plant does not grow larger.


dosage the amount of medication to be given at one time The correct dosage of the lamb's medication will make sure it heals faster.

drainage the removal of excess water from fields or crops The farmer installed a pipe system to improve drainage in his fields.

drought a long period of time with no rain Texas had a three year drought until it started raining this Spring.

dryer a machine for drying nuts or rice by blowing heated air on them After rice is harvested, it will be transported to the dryer.

ecosystem a community of living organisms with in their surrounding

environment.

rice is grown in an ecosystem that consists of soil, water air and nutrients

edible fit to be eaten The blueberry is the edible portion of the blueberry bush.

efficiency the degree to which something is done well without wasted

energy

A farmer must plan his day with efficiency in mind.

elevator tall warehouse facility using vertical conveyors to raise and

elevate grain

The elevator at the rice dryer is used to load the trucks with rice to take to

the rice mill.

endangered species threatened with extinction farmers provide habitat that supports endangered species

entomology the study of insects and their environment We learned all about crickets in our entomology class.

epidermis thin outer layer of cells on plant surfaces, bodies of animals and

insects

The epidermis is like armor for your body, protecting your body from being

attacked by germs.

erosion the process of wearing away soil by the action of water or wind Erosion by the Sacramento River caused the farmer to lose several acres of

his land.

ethanol fuel made from corn Some vehicles run on ethanol rather than gasoline or diesel.

evergreen trees or bushes that retain their leaves throughout the year Having evergreens on our property allows for our landscape to be more

colorful all year long.

farm a piece of land on which crops or animals are raised Our family has a dairy farm.

farmer a person who earns a living by managing or operating a farm My dad is a farmer who grows rice and olives.

farrier a person who shoes horses Please call the farrier and set up an appointment for the pony.

farrow the time when a sow gives birth to pigs During farrow season, we ended up with fifty new piglets.

feedlot land on which cattle are fattened for market If you are traveling on I5 in the valley, you'll pass the Harris Ranch feedlot.

fertile Producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops. The pasture grass grew very quickly because the soil is fertile.

fertilizer any material, such as manure or chemicals, put on or in the soil

to improve plant growth or plant quality

Grandpa added fertilizer in his garden to help his vegetables grow larger.


fever a body temperature above normal for the species The lamb had a fever so we called the veterinarian to check its health.

flat a shallow box for growing seedlings. Also: A single-layered

carton of picked fruit

The seedlings were taken from the flat and planted in the garden.

fleece the wool coat of sheep After shampooing, the sheep's fleece was white and fluffy.

flock a group of sheep or chickens The flock needs to be led up to the new pasture.

floriculture the cultivation of flowers, especially those to be cut and sold Many people at the farmer's market are in the floriculture business.

foliage leaves of a plant or tree The foliage of a plant takes in sunlight.

footrot a disease affecting the hooves and feet of cows, swine and sheep That cow is limping because she has footrot.

forage food provided for animals, especially taken by browsing or

grazing

almond blossoms are a good forage for honeybees

forestry management and protection of forest resources for human

benefit

After spending so many summers hiking in the mountains, John thought he

might study forestry when he went to college.

forklift a device for lifting and stacking heavy loads with projecting

prongs that are slid under the load and raised or lowered

The forklift operator stacked the peach bins three high.

frass solid feces produced by insect larvae The frass was from a navel orange worm.

fruit any plant product, such as grain, flax, vegetables Peaches and oranges are two types of fruit grown in Yuba County.

fungicide any chemical used to kill fungus We spray fungicide on our crops to prevent mildew.

galls growths on plants caused by insects or insect larvae There are many galls on the oak trees.

gelding a castrated male horse The gelding has a shiny mane and tail.

germinate to sprout, as from a seed, spore, or bud I will germinate seeds on the windowsill before setting them outside to

grow.

gestation length of pregnancy The gestation of a lamb is five months.

gilt a young female swine that has not produced a litter The 3-month old gilt laid close to her mother to sleep.

girdling the formation of a ring of dead or damaged tissue around the

stem or root of a plant

A shaker can sometimes harm the tree trunk, which may cause girdling.

gizzard a chicken's organ located between the stomach and intestines

that grinds its food

The bird's gizzard has a thick lining and often contains bits of grit and sand.

grading rating a crop according to a quality standard My summer job is grading peaches.

graft to unite two plants by placing a bud of one into a cut in the

other, then allowing the two plants to grow together

We can graft a nectarine bud to a peach tree.


grain cereal seeds in general: wheat, rice, corn rye, etc. Rice is a type of grain grown in Butte County.

grapefruit a large, round citrus fruit with pale yellow or pink rind I ate half a grapefruit for breakfast today.

graze to feed on growing grass The cows graze in the pasture.

greenhouse a building made mainly of glass, in which temperature and

humidity may be controlled for the cultivation of plants

In England, many tomatoes are grown in a greenhouse because of the colder

climate.

grow to increase in size or substance New shoots grow on the plants.

habitats the external conditions which surround, influence, and affect the

life and development of an organism or population

The egret, bullfrog, and crayfish all thrive in watery habitats.

hardpan a layer of hard matter, especially clay, that lies beneath soft soil,

through which plant roots cannot get through

The farmer was unhappy to find hardpan in several of his fields.

harrow a frame with spikes pulled by a tractor to break up soil, cover

seeds, or root up weeds

The tractor pulled the harrow through the field.

harvester farm machines used for harvesting crops The harvester cut down the winter wheat crop.

heartwood The dense inner part of a tree trunk, yielding the hardest timber. The heartwood of a tree acts like a steel beam, providing strength to endure

harsh wind.

hedge a close-set row of bushes forming a border or boundary in a

garden, field or yard

A privet hedge makes an excellent boundary between the grass and the

vegetable garden.

heifer a young female cow The boy led his heifer to the stall at the County Fair.

hemisphere one half of the Earth, dissected north or south of the equator or

east and west of the prime meridian

We live in the northern hemisphere.

hemisphere half of the Earth, usually devided into northern and southern In the winter, most of our produce comes from the southern hemisphere

herbicide a chemical substance used to kill weeds Round Up is an herbicide.

herd a number of animals living, feeding, or traveling together We need to round up the herd of cattle for branding.

hive a box or other shelter for a colony of domestic bees We could hear a buzzing sound in the hive.

hock a small cut of meat, especially ham, from the front or hind leg

directly above the foot

A ham hock is often used to flavor pea soup.

hoof the horny covering of the foot of some livestock animals like

horses and cows

The front left hoof of that cow looks cracked.

horticulture the science of growing plants, especially flowers, fruit, and

vegetables

The gardener received extra training in horticulture before planting the

garden.


horticulture the art or science of growing flowers, fruits, vegetables and

shrubs, especially in gardens or orchards

She took a horticulture class before developing her garden in her new home.

huller a machine that separates the hulls from the nuts After harvesting, the nuts go into the huller.

humus the organic part of soil that is made up of decomposed plant and

animal remains

Fallen leaves decompose to provide rich humus for orchard trees.

husbandry The care, cultivation and breeding of crops and animals. If you cultivate the land or breed animals, you are practicing husbandry.

hybrid the offspring of two plants of different varieties Pluots are a hybrid of a plum and an apricot.

hydrology study of the movement, distribution or quality of water it is important for a farmer to know the hydrology under his farm

hydroponics the science of growing plants in nutritent-rich liquid solutions

instead of soil

The study of hydroponics can help us find more ways to grow our food.

immature Not fully developed. In May the young walnuts are still immature and not ready for harvest.

incubator machine used to keep eggs warm so baby chicks will hatch from

them

Mrs. Davis borrowed the incubator from the 4H office for her chicken lesson

in her 2nd grade class.

industry large scale business activity The rice industry in Butte County brings in millions of dollars to our

economy.

infestation The state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites. There is a total infestation of white flies on the lettuce in my garden.

injection insertion of a substance into the body by means of a needle cattle are given an injection to prevent and treat disease

insecticide a substance used to kill insects My mother sprayed insecticide on the ants.

intercropping the growing of two or more different species of crops at the

same time, as in alternate rows in the same field

Intercropping is frequently done with seed crops, as in planting melons

alongside cucumbers.

invasive involving unwanted, aggressive intrusion and spreading Weeds are invasive plants that deprive crops of water, space, and sunlight.

kernel a seed or a nut The peach kernel is not edible.

laborers People who do hard physical work for money. The harvest of cherries was slow due to the lack of farm laborers.

lactation the time when a female animal produces milk for its young The lactation period for a cow is usually about ten months.

lamb a young sheep under 1 year of age The lamb bleated out for its mother.

landscape visable features of an area the landscape is changing as northern California farmers plant more walnut

trees

lard rendered fat from swine Lard is still commonly used to make soap.


larva in insects, an immature form not resembling the adult The bee larva is also called a grub.

legume a type of plant with seeds that grow inside pods and adds

nitrogen to the soil

The lentil is a type of legume that provides protein and fiber to your diet.

lettuce a garden plant with crisp leaves used especially in salads There are many types of lettuce, including Bibb, Romaine, and Iceberg.

leveled having a consistently even surface throughout The field needed to be leveled before planting.

limnology the science that deals with the physical, chemical, and biological

properties of fresh water, especially lakes and ponds

Research on limnology assists us in keeping irrigation water pure.

lint the fibers removed from cotton seeds at the cotton gin The lint is packed into 500 pound bales and taken to the textile mills.

listeriosis a bacterial disease affecting wild and domestic animals which

can cause death

The cattle rancher lost two calves due to listeriosis.

livestock horses, cattle, sheep, and other useful animals raised on a farm

or ranch

The livestock on the ranch broke out of their pens.

loam fertile, workable soil with a mixture of sand, silt, and clay The farmer was lucky to have rich loam in which to plant his crops.

lodging the falling over of a grain crop due to bad weather The rice in the field was lodging.

loin muscle (meat) from the back of an animal The loin is a tender cut of meat.

loppers a pruning tool with long handles The farmer used loppers to prune the peach trees.

macadamia a nut, native to Australia, now grown in California Macadamia nuts have a soft buttery texture.

magnesium one of the many mineral elements necessary for good health Almonds are an excellent source of Vitamin E and magnesium.

manzanita an evergreen bush or tree with drooping clusters of pink or

white flowers

Manzanita is the earliest blooming plant for honeybee production

marbling small amounts of fat found in meat that adds flavor when

cooked

The steak was delicious due to the amount of marbling.

mastitis an infection of a cow's udder The dairy farmer couldn't sell the milk from the cow that had mastitis.

medication something that treats, prevents or reduces the symptoms of a

disease

We needed to give the pony some medication before his illness became

worse.

melon round edible fruit of vines belonging to the gourd family Honeydew melon is my favorite summer fruit.

microbes Microscopic organisms; (micro-organisms) Microbes are so tiny that you would find a million of them in one teaspoon

of soil.


microclimate the climate of a small, distinct area California has a wide range of microclimates.

migration movement to another region with change of season The duck migration has started in northern California.

mildew a fungal disease that leaves a furry white coating Mildew damaged the crop.

moisture wetness The moisture in the air on a hot summer day makes you feel very sticky

when you go outside.

mold a growth of fungi associated with decay There is mold on the peaches.

mole a small burrowing rodent that feeds on insects, and whose

tunnels can cause problems in farm fields and gardens

I found a mole hole right in the middle of my lettuce bed!

monitor to watch carefully and continually for a specific purpose A beekeeper must closely monitor the number of unhealthy bees in a hive.

mottling a series of blotches, streaks, or spots on fruit or leaves of a plant Leaf mottling is typical of many viruses, such as the watermelon mosaic

virus.

mulch protective ground cover, often nutshells or compost This flower bed has a mulch of walnut shells.

mutton the meat from sheep that are more than one year old Mutton has a strong flavor and is not very tender.

native born or originating in a particular place or region Oak trees are native to Northern California.

natural as found in nature with no changes made by man This fabric is made from a natural fiber.

nectar sweet liquid in many flowers, used by bees in making honey The worker bees gather the nectar from many flowers.

nematicides chemicals that destroy nematodes The farmer treated his infected beet crop with nematicides.

nematodes parasitic worms with long, cylindrical, unsegmented bodies

which may infest animals or plants

The farmer's beet crop was infested with nematodes.

nitrogen a chemical element essential for plant growth and reproduction Because growing plants use up the nitrogen in the soil, farmers use several

ways to return nitrogen to the soil.

nodule a small knot or lump on the stem or root of a plant Bacteria enter the root hairs of a plant, and as they multiply, a nodule forms.

nonpareil a variety of almond with a soft shell The best almond is a nonpareil.

nursery a place where plants are grown to a usable size It is wise to visit a nursery before ordering trees from them.

offspring An animal's young A lamb is the offspring of a ewe and a ram.

orchard an area of land devoted to the cultivation of nut or fruit trees We have an orchard of almonds and a grove of pines on our property.

organic grown without chemical fertilizers or sprays The organic apple farmer grows very sweet and juicy apples.

organism any individual living body A tree is one example of an organism.


parasite a plant or animal that lives on or in an organism of another

species, usually with harmful effects on the host

Mistletoe is a parasite that lives on trees.

parturition the act or process of giving birth The cow will experience parturition soon, and we hope the calf will be

healthy.

pasture grass-covered land used for grazing livestock The rancher had hundreds of cattle grazing in his pasture.

pathogen an organism that causes a disease The veterinarian is trying to find out which pathogen caused the lamb to die.

payment An amount paid The bank has loaned us money to buy property, so we make an annual

payment to the bank.

peach a round, juicy orange-yellow fruit with a fuzzy skin I like to add a juicy peach to my breakfast smoothies.

pecan an oval-shaped nut with a smooth, thin shell Pecan pie is my favorite pie to eat in the fall.

pedigree a paper showing an animal's forebears or lineage Cindy's dog's pedigree showed ancestry dating back over 100 years.

penicillin an antibiotic made from a specific mold Some people are allergic to penicillin and must take a different medicine.

pepper a fruit that is hollow with firm walls containing the seeds and

pungent flesh, can be eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable

The pepper I ate in my salad was crunchy.

perennial a plant with a life cycle of more than two years My perennial flowerbed has begun to bloom again this spring.

pesticide a specific chemical used to kill pests We use a pesticide around the foundation of our house to kill ants.

phosphorus one of the 17 mineral elements essential for plant growth and

reproduction

All plants require phosphorus during periods of rapid growth.

photosynthes

is

the chemical process by which green plants make energy-

producing carbohydrates

Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of the plant.

pickling the preservation or flavoring of food in a solution of brine or

vinegar

My aunts are in the kitchen pickling green beans.

pipeline a line of pipes for transporting water, gas, or oil The pipeline brought water from the river to the fields.

pistachio an edible nut with a green kernel The pistachio tree was developed for commercial use in Chico in the 1930's.

pitchfork a large, long-handled fork used for lifting and tossing hay or

straw

A pitchfork can be used to clean out stalls on a dairy farm.

plant vegetation that grows by using sunlight, water, and nutrition in a

process called photosynthesis

The process of photosynthesis makes the plant grow.

plow a farm implement used to cut, turn up, and break the soil The old plow is dented from hitting rocks in the soil.


pollard to cut back the branches of a tree to its trunk The rancher chose to pollard the trees in his meadow to increase sunlight

for the pasture grasses.

polled having no horns; as with sheep or cattle His cattle are polled.

pollen fine, dustlike particles in the blossom of a plant Bees collect pollen from flowers.

pollinate to place pollen on a flower so that fruit will grow from the

blossom

Bees pollinate the flowers of many plants.

pomace the pulpy residue remaining after the juice has been pressed

from fruit

The smell of pomace from Concord grapes reminds me of Fall.

pomologist a person who studies the science of fruit cultivation The pear farmer’s daughter wants to become a pomologist after going to

college.

potassium one of the 17 mineral elements essential for plant growth and

reproduction

Farmers often apply potassium as fertilizer for optimum plant growth.

productive Producing or capable of producing. Producing abundantly; fertile As the walnut trees grow older, they become more productive.

propagate To produce a new plant. Some flowers are easy to propagate from cuttings.

pullet a young female chicken who has never laid an egg A new pullet was purchased for the chicken yard.

pump a machine that forces water through a pipe We use pump irrigation for our orchard.

pupa in insects, a resting stage between larva and adult, when no

feeding takes place

The pupa is enclosed in a cell inside the beehive.

ranch a large farm devoted to the raising of livestock My uncle has a cattle ranch.

ration feed fed to an animal in a 24 hour period The animals were fed a daily ration of hay and grain.

reaper A machine for cutting standing grain. The invention of the horse-drawn reaper in 1831 brought about large

increases in food production.

recycle to reuse or make available to reuse Many farmers recycle the metal from their old farm equipment.

refuge a place providing protection or shelter Rice wetlands become a refuge for migratory birds.

region a large land area which is naturally suited for particular plant and

animal life

Our region, the northern Central Valley, is ideal for growing walnuts.

registered having recorded an animal's birth and ancestry through a registry

association

We registered Jason's dog through AKC.

regulations Official rules or laws that say how something is to be done. You need to know the county regulations before you apply a tree spray.

regulations official rules which must be followed The regulations for chemical weed spraying are very strict.

renewable having an endless supply solar power is a renewable resource used for electricity in oumps on farms


reservoir a place to store water as the drought continues the Oroville damn resevoir will be more important

to farmers

ricelands aquatic fields where rice is grown in warm climates California ricelands provide a beautiful scenery at sunset.

ridges long narrow raised strips of soil which direct the flow of

irrigation water in an orchard

The entire orchard was watered by using ridges.

riparian pertaining to the area along the banks of a river, stream, or lake Because of riparian erosion, the farmer’s field was getting smaller.

ripe fully developed and ready for harvest I picked a ripe apple from my tree in the backyard.

rootstock a plant onto which another is grafted as a new top Most varieties of apple trees are grafted onto a particularly hardy rootstock.

rotation the growing of different crops, in differing seasons, on the same

land

Crop rotation helps preserve the fertility of the soil.

roughage feeds that are made of grass, hay or silage Livestock need plenty of roughage to eat.

rumen the largest compartment of the ruminant's stomach that digests

fiber

The cow's rumen has a capacity of over 20 gallons.

ruminant animal that has a stomach with four sections A cow is a ruminant.

rural of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the country. The region is rural in appearance, with well-farmed land on all sides.

saddle a seat for a rider on the back of a horse Will you put the saddle on the horse so I can ride it?

sagebrush a bush that grows in dry regions with silvery wedge-shaped

leaves and large flower clusters

Sagebrush is an excellent forage for honeybees

sapling a young tree The sapling needs to be transplanted so it has more room to grow.

saturated to be completely soaked with liquid The rainstorms caused the ground to be fully saturated.

scaffold a larger branch growing from the central portion of a tree trunk Tommy climbed far out onto the scaffold of the old oak tree.

scarecrow object for scaring birds away in a field or garden I want to put a red hat on my scarecrow.

schedule to plan for a certain date I schedule irrigation according to the soil's moisture levels.

season a traditional division of the year based on distinctive weather

conditions

We usually end the harvest season with a moonlight bonfire.

sediment soil particles that settle to the bottom of water or liquid She took a stick to stir up the sediment in the river.

seed the plant part that contains the embryo and produces another

plant

A watermelon seed can be black or white.

sell offer a product in exchange for money The farmer will sell his broccoli at the Farmer's Market.

serrate Having a saw-toothed edge. The serrate pattern on the leaves helped me to identify the plant.


shaker a machine that shakes fruit off the tree When the shaker works in the orchard, I can feel the ground shaking.

shank the lower part of an animal's leg, between the bottom and

middle joints

The cow limped from a bruised shank.

shear to trim the wool of sheep The farmer will shear his sheep so he can sell the wool.

shepherd A person whose job is to care for sheep. Sheep know their shepherd by his voice.

shovel a tool with a long handle and a broad scoop or blade for digging

and moving loose material, such as soil

The farmer used a shovel to dig holes for planting his new trees.

siblings two or more animals having the same parents My dog has two siblings, one brother and one sister.

silage fodder preserved through fermentation in a silo Instead of making hay, alfalfa was wrapped in plastic to produce silage.

silt a fine-grained sediment The farmer felt fortunate to have a loamy soil made of equal parts of sand,

silt, and clay.

siphon a bent tube used for carrying liquid from a reservoir over the top

edge of its container to a point below the surface of the

reservoir

The peach farmer uses a siphon to transfer water from one ditch to another.

sire the male parent The sire to that calf is an Angus bull.

sorghum a cereal grass used mainly for feed or silage Sorghum is able to withstand dry weather conditions.

sow an adult female pig. Our two-year old sow had eight piglets in her litter.

sprinkler a device that sends out a spray of water, used for irrigation The gardener installed a sprinkler system to ensure that all areas of the yard

stayed moist throughout the dry season.

squirrel small, bushy-tailed rodent The walnut farmer considers the squirrel a pest.

stamen the pollen-producing male part of a flower Bees were bouncing from one stamen to the next on that beautiful

flowering shrub.

steer a castrated male bovine A steer cannot breed.

stomata the pores in a plant leaf or stem Potassium regulates the opening and closing of the stomata in plants.

subcutaneous beneath the skin He gave the cow a subcutaneuos injection

sucker a secondary shoot coming out of a limb, the base or roots of a

woody plant that gives rise to a new plant

A sucker formed where the tree limb had broken off.

survey to find the borders and measurements of land Special instruments are needed to accurately survey the creek that runs

through our property.


sustainable capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the

environment

Integrated pest management is a sustainable farming practice.

tailgate a gate at the back of a wagon or truck My dad's new pickup truck has a removable tailgate.

tallow Fat from cattle and sheep that has been boiled, strained, and

allowed to cool into a solid.

Tallow is one of the many useful byproducts of cattle, used chiefly to make

candles and soap.

tangerine a variety of mandarin orange with a deep reddish-yellow color

and segments that are easily separated

Peeling and eating a tangerine is very easy.

taproot the main root of a plant, growing straight downward from the

stem

Some weeds have a long taproot, making them difficult to pull out by hand.

tare the weight of a container deducted from the total weight to

determine the weight of the contents or load

What is the tare on that truckload of nuts?

tattoo identification of animals using ink that permanently stains the

skin

The rabbit has a tattoo on his ear.

temperature the degree of heat in an object or living organism Bees come out of their hives if the temperature is warm enough.

tenderness not hard or tough, especially in meat The tenderness of the meat made it even more enjoyable to eat.

testa the outer coating of a seed The testa of a pumpkin seed is white.

threshing separating the grain from its plant by some mechanical motion The threshing machine knocked out the grain from the ears of corn.

till to prepare land for planting crops by plowing, fertilizing, etc. My dad will till the field before planting potatoes.

tilth the physical condition of soil in relation to plant growth The farmer improved the tilth of his fields by using a cultivator.

timber the wood of growing trees suitable for structural uses The timber was cut and used to build the house.

tomato a round fruit, typically with bright red skin and pulpy flesh, can

be eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable

I grew my first tomato plant this year!

ton a unit of weight equal to two thousand (2,000) pounds One ton bags of rice seed were placed on the truck for shipping.

tractor a powerful vehicle used for pulling farm machinery Jack bought a new tractor for his farm this year.

transit an instrument used for surveying land I used a transit to determine the land's elevation.

transpiration the passing of moisture through the surface of a leaf Transpiration, evaporation and condensation are all parts of the water cycle.

trellis a structure made of open latticework, used to support plants or

to provide shade

Jackie built a trellis over our patio.

tropical very hot climate and often combined with a high degree of

humidity

Our climate here is too dry to be considered tropical.


trough A long, narrow open container for animals to eat or drink out of. The water trough needs to be cleaned at least once a week.

turnip a roundish, light-colored fleshy root used as a vegetable I pulled up a turnip from the garden and added it to my soup.

udder the bag-like milk gland on the underside of a cow's body The cow's udder is full of milk.

urban of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a city or town Compared to rural areas, urban areas contain the largest amount of people.

vegetable the edible part of a plant A spinach leaf is a vegetable.

vegetate to grow or sprout like a plant The plants grow when the seeds vegetate.

ventilation a system to provide fresh air without causing drafts Dad needed to adjust the ventilation in the shop since it was so hot inside.

vermiculture the raising of earthworms for use as bait or composting We are learning about vermiculture by using a worm bin in our class.

veterinarian a person who practices the branch of medicine dealing with

animal diseases and injuries

The veterinarian examined the dairy cattle to be sure they were healthy.

vine a plant with a long, thin stem that grows along the ground or

climbs a wall or other support

Melons and grapes grow on a vine.

walnut a deeply wrinkled nut that is enclosed in a hard shell and

leathery husk

A walnut tastes a little better if it is toasted.

water a liquid needed by all living things, including plants Drinking water is better for your body than soda.

weed a plant growing in an unwanted place, often hindering the

growth of other desirable plants

No matter what I do, I cannot kill that weed growing in my lawn!

weevil an insect that feeds on cotton, fruits, and grains Mother found a weevil in the cornmeal box in the cupboard.

welding a process of joining pieces of metal by using a torch Jennifer enjoyed welding and made a new trailer to carry farm equipment.

wether a castrated male sheep The wether cannot be used for breeding.

wheat a cereal grain Wheat is ground into flour and used in bread and biscuits.

wheelbarrow a shallow open box with a single wheel and two handles He uses a wheelbarrow to carry compost to the garden.

whey the watery substance left after the cheese making process The whey was drained away after making the cheese.

whitefly a group of small insects that are harmful to plants To get whitefly off my basil plants I hose them off.

windbreak something that breaks the force of strong wind, such as a wall or

a line of trees

The rancher planted a windbreak of cypress trees around the pasture to

shield the animals from the northerly winds.


windrows rows of grain, hay or other harvested plants such as beans, raked

into rows and left to dry before further processing

That field of lima beans is in windrows.

wool short, thick fiber of sheep After shampooing, the lamb's wool was white and fluffy.

wound a break in the skin My dog had a wound on his leg from cutting himself on the barbed wire.

xylem the woody vascular tissue of a plant that carries water and

minerals in the stems, roots and leaves

Bark and xylem are different parts of plants.

yield the quantity or amount produced The yield on that acre of walnuts was about 1200 pounds.

yolk the round yellow portion of an egg The yolk broke when I dropped the egg.

2017 Agribee Wordlist Basic Word List.pdf · bridle the headgear used to control a horse I have a...

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