20150625b BO Sapporo - pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp

2015/06/25—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 1

June 25, 2015


Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 201510:30─12:00, Thursday at Lecture Room D103

Bunsho OhtaniCatalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

[email protected]://www.hucc.hokudai.ac.jp/~k15391/


objectives/goal/keywords

objectivesUnderstanding of scientific methods based on the studies onchemicals and environments. No transmission of knowledge inchemistry or environmental science is expected.

goalTo find a way of thinking and to understand fundamental scientificmethods for better interpretation of chemistry and environment

keywordsEnvironment and chemicals, Scientific methods, Fundamentals forchemical research

topicsfuel cell: mass communication and scientific articles/microwaveoven/identification of chemical substances/dioxin/climbing MountEverest/A map of European countries: taking laboratorynotebooks/triple crown in science/jamming up in buses: originality inscience/diet control products and methods: ethics/recycle


format

• Answer several questions in each classes. Any answers areevaluated if meaningful. Answers in null correspond justyour absence. <30%>

• A quiz, leading to and encouraging understanding chemistryand/or science, has to be submitted in the end of this course.<50%>

• Students have to submit "a question" with each nickname toProfessor Ohtani and impression/comments after each classand vote for "question and answer". <20%>


schedule

(1) Apr 9 introduction with introduction(2) Apr 16 mole and Avogadro constant(3) Apr 23 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) Apr 30 microwave oven/Internet(5) May 7 originality in science/fake(6) May 14 experimental notebook(7) May 21 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test

May 28 (no class)(8) Jun 4 cell(9) Jun 11 triple crown(10) Jun 18 recycle(11) Jun 25 ecology(12) Jul 2 green-house effect/recognition(13) Jul 9 correlation(14) Jul 16 presentation of quiz (1)(15) Jul 23 presentation of quiz (2)


quiz

• nickname• quiz• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding chemistry

and science• results of the internet search for the quiz

Send email by July 14, 2015

• Use of texts in email, not using a Microsoft Word file attachment, is preferable, or

• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file for slides of "quiz (nickname)" and "the others" by file attachment.

[email protected]


the best question and answer

Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.


today's topic = ecology

recycleecology


ecology

Q What is "ecology"?


ecology in Wikipedia

Ecology is a sub-discipline of biology, the study of life. The word "ecology" ("oekologie")was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Haeckel was azoologist, artist, writer, and later in life a professor of comparative anatomy. Ancientphilosophers of Greece, including Hippocrates and Aristotle, were among the earliest torecord notes and observations on the natural history of plants and animals; the earlyrudiments of modern ecology. Modern ecology mostly branched out of natural historyscience that flourished in the late 19th century. Charles Darwin's evolutionary treatise andthe concept of adaptation as it was introduced in 1859 is a pivotal cornerstone in modernecological theory.

Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history orenvironmental science. Ecology is closely related to the biological disciplines of physiology,evolution, genetics and behavior. An understanding of how biodiversity affects ecologicalfunction is an important focus area in ecological studies. Ecosystems sustain every life-supporting function on the planet, including climate regulation, water filtration, soil formation(pedogenesis), food, fibers, medicines, erosion control, and many other natural features ofhistorical, spiritual or scientific value.

Many people in Japan use this word to show

something environmentally benign


ecological way: vinyl bags

Q Is "no-use of vinyl bags" in stores ecological? Answer with reasons.


ecological way: vinyl bags

Three thousands million (30,000,000,000) vinyl bags were used in Japan in 2008, which corresponded to 250,000 tons of petroleum.

The source distilled part of petroleum is of low boiling point which has no other usage to be discarded by burning, i.e., no decrease of resulting carbon dioxide can be expected when those vinyl bags are not used in stores.

A vinyl bag costs ca. 0.2—0.3 JPY Assuming that the average weight of vinyl bag to be 8 g and

two bags (16 g) are used per occasion, use of petroleum corresponding to vinyl bags can be reduced only by that 10% of people stop using cars to visit stores (8 g gasoline = 0.1 km drive).

Reduction of usage of cars is much more effective for reduction of carbon-dioxide

emission.


gasoline ticket

(July 16, 2008)ItoYokado starts today to offer discount gasoline coupons to the shoperspurchasing to some amount. The service are available in their 79 affiliatedstores. <snip> For six days from 16 to 20, '10-yen-reduction per one liter' gasdiscount coupons are given to every purchase of JPY5,000. No more than tocoupons are provided to the same person even if his/her purchase amountsexcess JPY10,000. <snip>


ecological way: disposable chopsticks

Q Is it "ecological" not to use disposable chopsticks?


ecological way: disposable chopsticks

Q Is it "ecological" not to use disposable chopsticks?

A Use of disposable chopstick may be more ecological.

• For maintenance of forests, it is necessary to thin trees and to cut small branches and resultant woods cannot be carried out, if they are sold. Then, forests become sick.

• In Japan, use of disposable chopsticks has been limited due to the misunderstanding, disabling proper use of waste wood after thinning and pruning. A large part of woods of disposable chopsticks is imported from China. The woods should be used for other purposes.

• In overall forests both in Japan and China are dameged.


sea level

Q Is sea level raised due to the global warming?


melting of ice

Q Ice, volume of which under water level is 0.9 L and over water level is0.1 L melts. Estimate the change of water level, assuming density of(liquid) water to be 1.


melting of ice

Q Ice, volume of which under water level is 0.9 L and over water level is0.1 L melts. Estimate the change of water level, assuming density of(liquid) water to be 1.

A The ice is given buoyancy of 0.9 kg (= mass of water pushed out bythe ice) and this means that the mass of ice is 0.9 kg. Since thevolume of 0.9 kg water is 0.9 L,

no change of water level will be observedno change of sea level due to melting of arctic ice


global warming and the Antarctic continent

Q Is ice on the Antarctic continent reduced due to the global warming?


global warming and the Antarctic continent

Q Is ice on the Antarctic continent reduced due to the global warming?

A Ice on the continent is mainly due to snow fall and the temperature in acentral part of the continent is ca. –50 deg C. If the temperature of seawater raised, amount of water vapor in air will be increased to result inheavier snow fall and

increase in the amount of ice


ice in Greenland

"An Inconvenient Truth" by Al Gore tells that in near future ice covering Greenland will melt to raise water level by 6 m.

At least several thousands years are necessary (IPCC)


Tuvalu Marshal islands

sea level and global warming

Q Tuvalu has had problems with flooding in its coastal areas which has affected its agriculture industry. Is this due to "global warming"?


sea level rise

Q How much raise of sea level by global warming is expected in Japan?


sea level in Tuvalu

• The South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project”. The Bureau of Meteorology, Australia (February 6, 2007).

maximum

average

minimum


sea level rise

Q How much raise of sea level by global warming is expected in Japan?

A ca. 10 cm. cf. change in seasons: ca. 40 cm (highest in summer due to expansion of sea water. Low pressure of –50 hPa raises sea level by ca. 50 cm. Considering these problems, there will be no effect of rise in sea level.


collection: pull-tab/newspaper/paper carton

• Pull tab: 1,400,000 pull tabs of aluminum cans (700 kg/JPY140,000,000!) are equivalent to 1 wheel chair (JPY70,000): JPY100 for 1 kg.

• Newspaper: JPY0.5 for 1 kg.• Paper carton: JPY0 for 1 kg.


recycle/ecology

Kunihiko TAKEDA武田邦彦（たけだくにひこ）

リサイクル幻想文春新書131・文藝春秋（2000）

偽善エコロジー幻冬舎新書081・幻冬舎（2008）

「エコロジー」の有害性を訴えるだけでなく，『どう判断すればいいのか』についてものべている．「心が満足していると物は少なくてすむ＝好きな人がいれば，1杯のコーヒーでも夢のような2時間を過ごすことができる」


ecology

Q Increase in the price of crude oil. Is this preferable, if you think ecologically?


ecology

Q Increase in the price of crude oil. Is this preferable, if you think ecologically?

A High price of gasoline may induce the decrease in use of cars and also production of cars, using energy such as petroleum to result in the decrease in carbon dioxide emission.

trade-off relation between

economical and environmental issues


guideline

"inexpensive"

■ エネルギーと資源の消費のためにはお金がかかる■ 「安いもの」はエネルギーと資源の消費が少ないということ■ 支出をへらす＝収入をふやすことではない■ 「好景気」をもとめない■ 論理的な思考ができる政治家をえらぶ＝税金が少なくなる

● 自動車を所有するより，必要なときにレンタカーをつかう方がやすあがり● 必要以上に食べながら，お金を払ってフィットネスでエネルギーを消費するくらいなら，はじめから食べる量をへらせばよい＝支出がへるとおもえば食欲をがまんできる

● 単位体積あたりの価格が低い2 LサイズのPETボトルのお茶をもち歩くのはたいへんだが，500 mLのPETボトルにつめかえればよい．やかんで麦茶をつくる方がもっと経済的（じつは隠れた要素＝アスコルビン酸）


comments on this lecture and question

Please send email in Japanese or English within 48 hours

to: [email protected]: me20150625-XXXXXXXX(your id number)

[email protected]<full name><nickname><comments on today's lecture><question(s): at least one>


sample mail

to: [email protected]

subject: me20150625-12345678

me20150625-12345678

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大谷文章

某教授

今日の講義ではなぜ講義名が「分子環境学特論I」なのかはわかりませんでしたが，これからの講義がすこし楽しみです．

先生はなんでそんなにモテるんですか．

20150625b BO Sapporo - pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp

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