2015 01 Rey Ty, Levels of Analysis
Transcript of 2015 01 Rey Ty, Levels of Analysis
Rey TyLevels of Analysis
Rey Ty
Rey Ty
Three Models
(Graham Allison)
Model I:
Classical Rational Actor Model (RAM)
Realism & Neorealism: Morgenthau, Schelling,
Kennan, Waltz, Kissinger, etc.
Unitary states as key players who act rationally, calculating costs &
benefits of policy choices to maximize utility
Model II:
Organizational Process or Behavior Model
Liberalism & Neorealism: Keohane, Doyle
Not ”act” or “choices” but OUTPUTS of organizational SOPs
Model III: Bureaucratic or Governmental Politics
Model
e.g. President Obama vs. Republicans in both Houses
of Confress
Competition among decision making units; no single strategic master plan; diverse conceptions of nat’l, org’nal & personal goals
Rey Ty
Three Levels of Analysis
(Martin Griffiths & Terry O’Callaghan)
International Political System
e.g. Realism & Neorealism: Morgenthau, Schelling,
Kennan, Waltz, Kissinger, etc.
Balance of power in an anarchical structure of the system
Domestic Politics
States are nominal actors but national behavior is
determined by…
Action & interaction of bureaucracies, legislatures,
political parties, business & union lobbies, & other advocacy groups
Individuals Acting & Interacting
e.g. Gorbachev & Reagan
Choices, actions, & interactions of powerful individuals
Rey Ty
Leve
ls o
f A
nal
ysis
(Jo
hn
T. R
ou
rke
)1
IndividualIndividual, group, or
as a species
2 State
Countries are the key actors
3 System
Top-down view of the structure & pattern
Rey Ty
Levels of Analysis
(Karen Mingst)
Individual
Personality, perceptions, activities,
choices
State
Government, economy, interest groups, national interest
International
International norms/ rules, TNCs,
Intergovernmental organizations, alliances
Rey Ty
Levels of Analysis
(Joshua Goldstein)
1
Individual
Great/ crazy leaders, decision making, perception, learning, assassinations, accidents of
history, citizens’ participation (vote, rebel, go to war)
2
Domestic
Nationalism, ethnic conflict, type of gov’t, democracy,
dictatorship, domestic coalitions, pol parties &
elections, public opinion, gender, econ sectors &
industries, foreign policy bureaucracies
3
Interstate
Power, balance of power, alliance, wars, treaties, trade agreements, IGOs, diplomacy, summit meetings, bargaining,
reciprocity
4
Global
N-S gap, world regions, European imperialism, UN, world environment, tech. change, info revo, global
telecom, worldwide scientific & business communities
Rey Ty
Levels of Analysis
Global or System
Interstate
State
State-Society
Organization
Bureaucratic
Politics
Individual
Rey Ty’s Synthesis of the Literature
Rey Ty
Levels of Analysis
7
Global or System
6
Interstate & international
society
5
State
4
State-Society
3
Organization
2
Bureaucratic Politics
1
Individual
Rey Ty’s Synthesis of the Literature
Rey Ty
Levels of Analysis
Rey Ty’s Synthesis of the Literature
Individual
Psychology, Choices, Action, &
Interaction
Domestic
State (Organization,
Bureaucracies) & Civil Society
interaction within a country
State
Foreign policy: “The United States
supports x and condemns y.”
International
Between or among countries, TNCs, civil society, &
individuals
Global System
Global climate change, economic
globalization
Rey Ty
Individual Domestic
Governmental
Organization
Domestic
Bureaucratic
Politics
Domestic
Civil Society
(Non-State
Actors)
State Interstate
or
International
International
Civil Society
Organizations
Global or
System
Perceptions,
Policies, &
Actions
International
Relations
Levels of
Analysis
Rey Ty’s Synthesis of the Literature
Rey Ty
References1. Graham T. Allison & Philip Zelikow. (1999). Essence of
Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Longman.
2. Joshua S. Goldstein. (Latest edition). International Relations. New York: Longman.
3. Martin Griffiths & Terry O’Callaghan. (2003). International Relations: The Key Concepts. London & NY: Routledge.
4. Karen A. Mingst. (Latest edition). Essentials of International Relations. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company.
5. John T. Rourke. (Latest ed.). International Politics on the World Stage. McGraw-Hill/Dushkin.
Fair Use• In good faith, this work contains fair use of copyrighted
and non-copyrighted images from the public domain & the web for non-commercial & nonprofit educational purposes.
• This work is distributed free of charge.
• The author has neither monetized this work nor sought any profit from its distribution.
• Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976: Allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
• This work contains original work of commentary and critical analysis.
• Quotations are attributed to the original authors and sources.
Levels of AnalysisRey Ty