faiyaz kwork book 2014

John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design

Faiyaz Khan

1-48 Manchester AveToronto, OntarioCanada M6G 1V3

fk@faiyazk.com+1 416 995 6386

//education

M.ARCH Candidate - University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario

B.ARCH. -Ryerson UniversityToronto, Ontario

2013-Present

2014-Present

2005-10

2013

2011-12

2012-Present

//related experience

Junior Designer - LOH Architects Associates

Toronto, Ontario

Intern Designer -JET ArchitectureToronto, Ontario

//additional experience

Director - Cosco Group of Industries

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Founder - Code Kitchen at Daniels

Toronto, Ontario

//software

Autocad / Rhino + Grasshopper / Maya

Proficient in Java, VB.net, and Python

Small to Large

The world can be understood by looking through an electron microscope, or by aiming a telescope at distant galaxies. Through science, we know how the world works yet somehow we have not translated that knowledge into a sustainable existence on Earth.

Architecture’s greatest value is its ability to engage with forces and matter on any scale. From materials research using nanotechnology to the design of novel methods of energy generation: architects continue to develop new forms of agency across scales.

This is a list of my work ordered by size. My aim is to expand the scope of my architectural knowledge—from the smallest detail to the biggest picture—to find ways humans can live and work sustainably.

small to large

work experience

thesis

Atmosphere Pavilion.............8

Riverdale Park Amenity..........14

City Museum.....................22

493 College St..................26

Variable Plaza..................34

Shenzen High-tech Tower.........40

Next_Export Processing Zone.....44

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Atmosphere is a small ephemeral shelter along the Assiniboine River’s landscape. It is inspired by the formal and experiential qualities of a gas. The shelter represents a frozen moment of a material undergoing a physical phase transition. Based on the primitive act of stacking wood, layers of various-shaped plywood are spaced apart by steel supports.

Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaCompetition, 2012

With Sam Ghantous, Justin Oh, Sara Ives, Michael Stock, Naveed Khan, & Vincent Hui

Atmosphere Pavilion

Aerial photo of the Assiniboine River Forks

Plan view Interior view

Elevations

8

1

3

2

5

6

4

7

Transportation to Site

Detail 1. CNC milled 1” Weather Treated Plywood 2. LED Lighting System 3. 60 mm Structural Steel Pipe 4. Milled Receiver Joint for Steel Pipe 5. Bolted Steel Connection 6. 2” by 6” Lumber Transfer Beam 7. 10 mm Bent Plywood Screen

Section Through Seating

Assembly Method

1_skid is

loaded with one ha

lf of th

e digitally m

illed pieces

of plywood an

d structura

l members a

t a tim

e, then n

avigate

d

to site

approx. 1/4 of all the layers

2_layer is

assembled thr

ough bolting

3_plywood sh

eets sand

wich struc

tural m

emers and are

stacked se

rially

3 360 mm

5

7

Diagram showing assembly process

9

The layers bend organically to suggest views between the interior and exterior, diffusing the light. Having a constantly shifting form, the shelter produces a varied and sensuous experience, instead of making a single iconographic statement. The overall intent speaks to the elemental and temporary nature of the river, working with its surroundings to create meaning.

View during the day

10

View during the night

11

12

Riverdale Park PavilionAt the boundary between a ravine and a historic neighborhood lies Riverdale Park. Designed to pronounce this boundary, this pavilion contains amenity program for the local community and visitors. The small structure contains a cafe, changing rooms a kiosk. The concept was derived from the topography and the experience of the site, while creating an unassuming form that decomposes into its surroundings.

View from site

Toronto, Ontario, CanadaStudio Project, 2007

13

Riverdale Park

Elementary School

Cabbagetown

Don ValleyNature Reserve

The site is a neighborhood with a long history, named Cabbagetown. The area is characterized by 100-year old homes, tree-lined streets, schools and parks. Here begins an ecological connection with the Don River Valley, an important geographic feature of Toronto.Immediate Context

14

The aim of the design was to create a pavilion that took advantage of the topography of the site. By choosing to design the structure at the top of the hill, the pavilion became a viewing platform for visitors and locals.

Observations from the site

15

Preliminary sketches

View from below hill

16

site & roof plan

first floor plan

2 4 8 16mn

By draping the roof loosely over the functional areas, a unobtrusive form was given to the pavilion and the roof became accessible to the public. The form subtly frames views for its occupants, integrates itself into the landscape, and has its own unique identity.

17

west elevation

longitudinal section

Program Areas

OPERATION ONE:Clustered volumes

OPERATION TWO:Draped public space

A

B

A

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

E

E

E

A)Cafe B)Utility C)Kiosk

D) Washrooms E)Public Space

LOGIC

Operation 1i) Arranged in a linear form to articulate the contour of the site. ii) Program is kept one-story to remain unbotru-sive. iii) program is clustered logically by function for economy but seperated to create more porous circula-tion.

Operation 2i) Draping public space over the programmatic clusters creates an elevated platform for views ii) Bends allow structure to be embedded into the roof creating a singular surface iii) cuts are made into the surface to accomodate the existing site features making the structure more integrated into the park.

18

View from top of the hill

19

20

A series of pop-up art galleries are proposed that act as local catalysts for social engagement. They are scattered around the city and collect local art for most of the year. Once a year the galleries are moved to a central location for an event, “City Museum”. Here people can see their local habitats and neighbors as part of a larger picture. It is a scalable interface that makes apparent the community which is already present.

City MuseumEverywhere in TorontoCompetition, 2006

Concept diagram“Community”, Kevin Lynch

EXPAND CONTRACT

COMMUNITYJ F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N DJ F M A M J J A S O N D

VOLUNTARYASSOCIATION

CITY

DISTRICT

STREETINVOLUNTARYASSOCIATION

21

For most of the year, art galleries are scattered throughout the city. They collect local art and becomes a part of the neighborhood.

Views of pop-up art galleries across city

22

View of City Museum

23

Detail view

COMMUNITYJ F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N DJ F M A M J J A S O N D

VOLUNTARYASSOCIATION

CITY

DISTRICT

STREETINVOLUNTARYASSOCIATION

Concept diagram

24

Typical housing developments in Toronto tend to follow generic typologies and do not integrate well into the city’s vibrant fabric. This project attempts to blend into its surroundings in order to capture the neighborhood’s character. The design is sited in a parking lot with access to a mainstreet and connected to a laneway in the rear. The concept for the building is to transform from a mid-rise building into a laneway house, and to create public spaces along the laneway networks. This strategy addresses the scale of the neighborhood and at the same time densifies the area.

493 College St

TORONTO

OTTAWA

QUÉBEC

Montreal

Detroit

New York

Boston

Canada

Ontario

UnitedStates

Québec

Financial District

Little Italy

Toronto, Ontario, CanadaStudio Project, 2008

Region to site

25

Site Elevations

26

Built Area Voids Site Mainstreet Surfaces

Laneway Surfaces

VoidsChosen Site

Scale

Laneway Edges

15m

North

30m 60m

Mainstreet Edges

Spatial Analysis of Neighborhood

27

Concept Diagram

Sectional morphology

Housing Commercial Interior Street Corridor Basement

s1 s2 s3 s4 s5

s6 s7 s8

28

public

mainstreet

residential street

laneway

laneway

private private

private

public

public

1. Housing lobby 2. Retail 13. Retail 2 4. Plaza

1. Apartment Type 1 2. Apartment Type 1 3. Apartment Type 1 4. Apartment Type 1 5. Outdoor garden

1

2

3

4

1 5 2 3

4

Ground Floor PlanGround Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

N

29

Sectional perspective

30

View from main street

31

View from laneway

32

The aim of the competition was to create a successful public space that made use of the site’s many opportunities. The site is defined by a highway on-ramp in an area with a high population density but with little sense of community. Our big design move was to focus on strengthening Toronto’s waterfront corridor instead of attempting to bridge the Gardiner Expressway (an obtrusive elevated highway disconnecting most of Toronto from the waterfront). By way of considering the relationship between publics space and its neighboring buildings, we presented a dynamic and pedestrian-oriented plaza.

Variable PlazaToronto, Ontario, CanadareStore Competition, 2011Second place, With Sam Ghantous

View of site

33

3 3a 5b 3a 3b 3b 1 2a 2b 5b 6 4

1/6: Public art

An otherwise unsightly vehicular onramp is converted into public art by wrapping a media wall along its edge. This creates a dynamic spectacle that can be read from outside, inside and underneath the onramp.

2/6: Mixed-use tower

We propose planning guidelines for adjacent buildings to interface with the plaza on the podium level.

(a) Typical developments in the area have been homogenous and have singular daily patterns. We propose mixed use planning to create a more dynamic and active place.

(b) Retail or exhbition program would be ideal at the lower level, allowing public program to flow out into the plaza, and urban life flow into the building.

3/6: Responsive Plaza

The plaza’s landscape negotiates between hardscaping and green spaces in a formally coher-ent whole.

(a) Existing trees are kept, and green spaces allow the infiltration and retention of seasonal precipitation.

(b) Hard surfaces are serviced with electricity outlets to allow the plaza to host events and even temporary markets.

4/6: Pedestrian street

The car-oriented site is remedied by pedestrian-izing Queens Quay boulevard, giving priority to the local residents in order to create a sense of community.

5/6: Urban Connectivity

(a) The west-east urban corridor is connected to the plaza via streetcar and the plaza is envisioned as a prominent stop along its route.

(b) The north-south urban connection to the plaza is provided by a skybridge connecting develop-ments north of the Gardiner Expressway to towers at the plaza.

6/6: Defined edge

The plaza is given an identity by the geometry of its landscaping, making the site a prominent destination along the waterfront. The geometry ties all of the elements of the plaza into an unified whole. Seating is also provided along the edge as an interface between the street and the plaza.

Aerial view of proposal

34

REMAINING COMPONENTS ON SITE

GENERATED TOPOLGY

ATTRACTORS

OCCUPIED TERRAIN

ZONES

PUBLIC INTERFACE

MIXED USE TOWER

PLANTING BED

ECOLOGICAL

ADAPTIVE

CONVERGENT

MEDIA WALL

BENCHES

PAVING

Exploded diagram of components

35

View from boulevard

36

View of plaza at night

37

38

Shenzen HTT

My role in this project was to create an initial geometry for a tower in Shenzen. Since the neighboring lots were vacant we explored a parametric design that could be used to develop two additional adjacent towers. The concept behind the massing was to transform the irregular plot shape into a cylindrical tower.

Shenzen, ChinaJET Architects, 2011Role: Contract Designer (modeling, parametric design)

39

XL Tower - 220 m101,300 sf L Tower - 144 m

52,490 sf

M Tower - 108 m39,680 sf

Retail / Public Space

Public Plaza

Retail / Public Space

Retail / Public Space

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Service

Lounge

LoungeLounge

Lounge

Lounge

Service

Exhibition

Office

Office

Office

Office

Office

Office

Office

Office

Overview of design

40

Physics simulation Evaluate geometry Evolutionary solver

Geometry optimization

41

After the envelope’s geometry was optimized, different assemblies could be explored. By using a different facade for each tower, the block of towers appears heterogenous but also maintains coherency.

Envelope panelization

42

NEXT EPZAs China developed to become the world’s largest industrial exporter, it experienced tremendous urban development and ecological degradation. Cities have been built within a few short years without long-term planning.

But what happens when the market invariably changes over time? Will China’s industrial cities face the same urban challenges faced by other post-industrial cities like Detroit or Philadelphia?

This thesis investigates the rise of manufacturing in Urumqi, China, and explores the potential of planning sustainable industrial zones.

Undergraduate Thesis, 2009Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaAdvisor: John Ingrao

43

Is it possible to design a sustainable manufacturing zone?

44

Urumqi is the most populous city in Western China. In a few short years the city became a center of manufacturing due to government investment and the exploitation of local coal, crude oil, and natural gas.

Manufacturing zones in China moving inland

45

1st Tier City

Global City

Global City

World City

2nd Tier City

Capital

Minerals

Natural Gas

Oil

Coal

Urumqi

Record commodity prices

GROWING GLOBAL CONSUMPTION

ENERGY INTO SYSTEM

Unstable global economyRapid Urbanization

Pollution & Ecological Degradation

Urumqi as part of larger global system

“Manufactured Landscapes”, Edward Burtinsky

46

Urban built-up area

Central business district

Polluted industrial zones

Mining zones

Glaciel areas

Contaminated surace water

Contaminated slag disposal

1960

2000

Commercial Residential Industrial

Diagram: Urumqi, Landuse Comparison Between 1960 and 2000

Diagram: Urumqi, Ecological problem areas

47

As manufacturing in Urumqi grew rapidly and at a very large scale, so did its urban fabric. The resulting urban forms were inflexible, generic, and disconnected from each other with large highways and industrial parks. Pollution also became a huge problem due to gas emissions factories and industrial waste. Old parts of the city and mixed-use communities were cut off from each other, increasing dependency on cars.

VOID

VOID

VOID

VOID

VOID

PRUIT IGOE

PRUIT IGOE

PRUIT IGOE

VOID

BARRIER

BARRIER

BARRIER

BARRIER

BARRIER

BARRIER

Diagram: Urumqi, Typical Contemporary Urban Landscape

48

Capital

Large Scale Industry

Adaptive MatrixSustainable“Industrial” Zone

Small Scale Workshops / Mixed Use

Renewable Infrastructure

Positive Social Development

Ecological Rehabilitation

Urumqi’s economy developed quickly due to industrialization but it came with an ecological and social cost. Could industrial parks be built sustainably and still remain competitive? This thesis explored an alternative development model using capital to fund an integrated approach to building industrial zones. By planning for the long term, engaging the local economy, and maintaining sustainable building standards, an industrial zone can avoid the problems Urumqi faces today.

Economic Concept

In simulating this concept in Urumqi, I researched and listed all the potential requirements of a sustainable economic zone. Using network/graph theory, all the parameters needed to coordinate these objectives were modeled and analyzed. A list of design objectives were generated by finding the most central requirements within the network/graph. A central requirement was one that had many other requirements linked to it, and was deemed a crucial part of the network.

49

ECONOMIC PRINCIPALS1.Free trade zone should encourage high-skill labor force.2.Zone should contribute to a transfer-of-technology to host country.3.Taxes are waived for exported goods to attract foreign direct investment.4.Zone should contribute to a positive social development for local community.5.Zone should offset lost revenues from elimination of tax, by building green local infrastructure.6.Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle (growth, low growth scenarios)7.Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local market forces.8.Zone should not contribute to public financial debt.9.Zone should look for international clients that are willing to contribute to positive social change.10.Zone should have an engagement with local and regional policy makers.

FREE TRADE ZONE11.Free trade zone should be sited in a strategic part of city or region.12.Zone contains a network of infrastructure for factories. (roads, electricity, gas, water, waste)13.Central plants and utilities increase energy efficiency of whole zone.14.On-site customs office allow convenience for factories.15.Free trade zone should be secure.16.Internal vehicular circulation needs to connect to roads and highways.17.Dock for loading and unloading on rail would be convenient18.Zone should include small / medium business incubators for local entrepreneurs.19.Zone should be sited in urban area close to housing and market.20.Zone should respond to urban context and edges.21.Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe.22.Pedestrian experience should be enjoyable.23.Zone should maximize public access.24.Zone should maximize density and be compact.25.Zone should be energy and ecologically conscious as part of an integrated plan. (i.e. LEED)

FACTORIES26.A factory needs to be sited to access raw materials.27.A factory needs to be sited to access ports for transport of finished goods.28.A factory needs to be sited to access a workforce.29.Factories need to be designed to change and grow.30.Factories need to be secure.31.Factories need to be efficiently organized.32.Adequate warehouse space is required.33.Production space needs to be easily configurable34.Offices are required to oversee and manage work.35.Utility plants are required and maintenance should be easy.36.Loading docks are required for shipping and receiving..37.Small delivery entrance is required for ancillary functions38.Parking for administration and visitors should be accommodated.39.Assembly lines need to be a continuous linear flow.40.Worker entrance / exit needs to accommodate large volumes of movement.41.Emergency egress must be accommodated.42.Mechanical and support spaces should not obstruct work flows.43.Day-lighting in spaces should be maximized. 44.Worker environments need to be safe.45.Adequate area should be given for worker social space and training.46.Bicycle storage and changing rooms for workers should be accommodated.47.Factory building should be easily convertible to other uses.

SMALL / MEDIUM BUSINESS INCUBATOR48.An incubator needs to be sited close to markets.49.An incubator needs to be sited close to workers’ residence or public transport.50.Incubator should provide affordable workshops and offices for small / medium businesses.51.Incubator should provide community space for interaction.52.Incubator should provide facilities to develop business (i.e. computer labs, training rooms)

1.m 1 is related to m (45,52)2.m 2 is related to m (9,45,52)3.m 3 is related to m (5,14)4.m 4 is related to m (5,8,10,18,44,46,51,52,54)5.m 5 is related to m (3,8,25)6.m 6 is related to m (18,19,47,60)7.m 7 is related to m (18,19,47,60)8.m 8 is related to m (3,4,25)9.m 9 is related to m (2,10)10.m 10 is related to m (4,9)11.m 11 is related to m (16,26,27,28,48,49)12.m 12 is related to m (13,25,53)13.m 13 is related to m (12,25,53)14.m 14 is related to m (3,26,27)15.m 15 is related to m (23)16.m 16 is related to m (12,20)17.m 17 is related to m (26,27,48)18.m 18 is related to m (4,6,7,19,23,50)19.m 19 is related to m (18,20,21,22,23)20.m 20 is related to m (11,21,22,47,48,51,54,55,56,61)21.m 21 is related to m (22,23,28,40,44,48,49,54)22.m 22 is related to m (21,48,49,54,55,56,61)23.m 23 is related to m (4,6,15,21,51,54,55,56,61)24.m 24 is related to m (25,22)25.m 25 is related to m (5,8,12,13,43,46,47,62)26.m 26 is related to m (11,14,16,17,36)27.m 27 is related to m (11,14,16,17,36)28.m 28 is related to m (11,19,40)29.m 29 is related to m (6,7,31,33,47)30.m 30 is related to m (15)31.m 31 is related to m (24,29,33,39,47)32.m 32 is related to m (39)33.m 33 is related to m (29,31,39)34.m 34 is related to m (39)35.m 35 is related to m (31,33,42)36.m 36 is related to m (26,27,36)37.m 37 is related to m (26,27,36,48)38.m 38 is related to m (34,48)39.m 39 is related to m (31,32,33,34)40.m 40 is related to m (21,28)41.m 41 is related to m (44)42.m 42 is related to m (31,35)43.m 43 is related to m (25)44.m 44 is related to m (4,41)45.m 45 is related to m (1,4)46.m 46 is related to m (25)47.m 47 is related to m (6,7,20,25,28,29,31)48.m 48 is related to m (11,16,17,20,21,22,37,38)49.m 49 is related to m (11,21,22)50.m 50 is related to m (18)51.m 51 is related to m (4,20,23,52)52.m 52 is related to m (1,4,52)53.m 53 is related to m (12,13)54.m 54 is related to m (4,20,22,23,55,56)55.m 55 is related to m (20,22,23,54,56)56.m 56 is related to m (20,54,55)57.m 57 is related to m (58,59)58.m 58 is related to m (57,59)59.m 59 is related to m (57,58)

582734 15263513

5

8

33

12

25

31

6

3

61

22

55

56

49

23

4

7

10

52

9

2

29

5424 51

1

171636 5739

18

50

14

53 62 43 46 32 60 42 38

19

21

20

41

28

48 44

4711

455937 40 30

Economic Principals

Free Trade Zone

Factories

Small / Medium Business Incubator

Workshops

Parent

Child

Node Typology

Excerpt of graph/network of functional requirements

Excerpt of design objectives generated from graph/network

OBJECTIVE 02: EFFICIENT PLAN & SECTION

REQUIREMENT:

m24. Zone should maximize density and be compact.m29. Factories need to be designed to change and grow.m33. Production space needs to be easily configurable.m47. Factory should be easily convertible to other uses.

DESIGN INTENT:

m31. Factories need to be efficiently organized.

RELATED TO:

m39. Assembly lines need to be continuous and linear.m35. Utility plants and mechanical spaces are required and maintenance should be easy.m42. Mechanical and support spaces should not obstruct work flows.

OBJECTIVE 01: ADAPT / RE-USE

REQUIREMENT:

m6. Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle.m7. Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local

market forces.m25. Zone should be energy efficient and ecologically conscious as

part of an integrated plan (i.e. LEED)

DESIGN INTENT:

m47. Factory building should be easily convertible to other uses.

RELATED TO:

m29. Factories need to be designed to change and grow.m20. Zone should respond to urban context and edges.m31. Factories need to be efficiently organized.m28. A factory needs to be sited to access a workforce. OBJECTIVE 03: ACCOMMODATE GROWTH / CONTRACTION

REQUIREMENT:

m6. Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle.m7. Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local market forces.

DESIGN INTENT:

m29. Factories need to be designed to contract and expand

RELATED TO:

m33. Production space needs to be easily configurable.m31. Factories need to be efficiently organized.m47. Factory building should be easily convertible to other uses.

OBJECTIVE 04: PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY

REQUIREMENT:

m4. Zone should contribute to a positive social development for local community.

DESIGN INTENT:

m54. Incubator should be publicly accessible.

RELATED TO:

m20. Zone should respond to urban context and edgesm21. Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe.m22. Pedestrian circulation should be enjoyable.m55. Incubator should have mixed use functions.m56. Workshop requires a service element (showroom and office)

OBJECTIVE 05: PROMOTE LOCAL BUSINESS

DESIGN INTENT:

m1. Free trade zone should encourage high-skill labour force.m2. Zone should contribute to a transfer-of-technology to host country.m4. Zone should contribute to a positive social development for lo-cal community.m6. Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle.m7. Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local mar-ket forces.

DESIGN INTENT:

m18. Zone should include small / medium business incubators for lo-cal entrepreneurs.m51. Workshop incubator should provide community space for interac-tion.m52. Workshop incubator should facilities to develop business (i.e. computer labs, training rooms)

AFFECTS:

m19. Zone should be sited in urban area close to housing and mar-ket.m48. An incubator needs to be sited close to markets.m23. Zone should maximize public access.m50. Incubator should provide affordable and efficient workshops and offices for small / medium businesses.

OBJECTIVE 06: CONTINOUS URBAN FORM

REQUIREMENT:

m51. Workshop incubator should provide space for community interac-tion.m54. Incubator should be publicly accessible.

DESIGN INTENT:

m20. Zone should respond to urban context and edges.

RELATED TO:

m47. Factory building should be easliy convertable to other uses.m19. Zone should be sited in urban area close to housing and mar-ket.m21. Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe.m48. An incubator needs to be sited close to markets.m55. Incubator should include mixed use functions such as retail.m56. A workshop requires a service element (i.e. showroom and of-fice)m61. The workshop’s service element should have a strong public presence.m16. Internal vehicular circulation needs to connect to roads and highways.

OBJECTIVE 07: SUSTAINABILITY

REQUIREMENT:

m5. Zone should offset lost revenues from elimination of tax by us-ing green infrastructure.

DESIGN INTENT:

m25. Zone should be energy efficient and ecologically conscious as part of an integrated plan (i.e. LEED)

AFFECTS:

m12. Within zone is a network of infrastructure for factories (transportation, electricty, gas, water)m24. Zone should maximize density and be compact.m47. Factory should be easily convertible to other uses.m13. Central Plants and utilities incease energy efficiency of whole zone.m43. Daylighting in factory should be maximized.m46. Bicycle storage and changing rooms for workers should be ac-comodated.m62. A workshop should have adequate natural light.

OBJECTIVE 08: DEDICATED PEDESTRIAN NETWORK

REQUIREMENT:

m20. Zone should respond to urban context and edges.m28. A factory needs to be sited to access a workforce.m54. Incubator should be publicly accessible.m19. Zone should be sited in urban area close to housing and mar-ket.m48. An incubator needs to be sited close to markets.m44. Worker environments need to be safe.

DESIGN INTENT:

m21. Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe.

RELATED TO:

m49 An incubator needs to be sited close to workers’ residence or public transportation.

m22. Pedestrian circulation should be enjoyable.

OBJECTIVE 09: INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE

REQUIREMENT:

m12. Within zone is a network of infrastructure for factories (transportation, electricty, gas, water)

RELATED TO:

m13. Central plants and utilities increase energy efficiency of whole zone.m25. Zone should be energy efficient and ecologically conscious as part of an integrated plan (i.e. LEED)

m16. Internal vehicular circulation needs to connect to roads and highways.m47. Factory should be easily convertible to other uses.m53. Incubator should centralize facilities such as washrooms and plants to be more efficient.

50

Concept model of modular industrial park

In order to accommodate the overlap of functions in the network, a modular industrial zone built up of 60m x 60m units was proposed. Comprised of different building types that connected together, design objectives were addressed in each module, or groups of modules.

51

Factory + + =Workshop / Incubator

Open Space / Infrastructure

Export Processing Zone

Proposed industrial zone typologies / modules

EXTERNAL

ORGANIZATION

PEOPLE

TECHNOLOGY

ACTIVITIES

INFORMATION

RESOURCES

ARCHITECTURE

URBAN

INFRASTRUCTURE

Banks, multi-national corporations, foreign markets

Zone operator, foreign investors, management, wage-laborers

Assembly lines, heavy machinery, inventory systems

In-house assembling, fabricating, and processing

Global market prices, logistics

Raw materials, energy

Large sheds, adminstrative facilities, utilities

Proximity to sea, land, or airports.Peripheral development for low rents

Credit-unions, local businesses, local markets

Limited liability company, corporation Sole-proprietorship, general partnership, limited liability company

Small business owners, apprentices

Small - medium machinery, tools

Specialized trade

Local market prices, local buyers

Raw materials, energy, recycled materials

Utilities: Electricity, gas, waterTransportation: Highways, rail, waterways, etc.

Utilities: Electricity, gas, waterTransportation: Commercial street, alleys

Small workshops, service interface, infrastructure

Proximity to residential areas for workers, and commercial streetsCentral development for access to local markets

LARGE SCALE GARMENTS FACTORY FAMILY SILK WORKSHOP

Comparison between large scale and small scale industry

52

Base Module

Pedestrian street through industrial zone

Factory module schematic Design

Vertical Goods Movement

Public & Support Spaces

Clear Space for Production

53

Factory module (continued)

Factory modules were designed to accommodate change of use, expansion, and contraction in order to adapt to any economic changes in Urumqi. Any public spaces within the factory were oriented towards the pedestrian streets, and production spaces were oriented towards the vehicular roads.

Each square module is serviced by two adjacent vehicular edges, and two adjacent pedestrian edges. Placed next to each other, the modules formed an urban grid with alternating vehicular and pedestrian streets. This pattern repeated to create a public and private realm within the industrial zone.

Party Wall For Expansion Between Factories

Offices Between Factories Share Private Outdoor Space

Variable Program & Floor Area Ratio Variable Form For Factory Buildings

Setbacks For Continuous Pedestrian Streets

Public Spaces For Workers Along Pedestrian Spaces

Setbacks Along Pedestrian Streets

Open Spaces At Pedestrian Nodes

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Base Module

Incubator module schematic design

Buildings Connect Over Vehicular Roads

Variable Program and Floor Area Ratio Variable Building Form

Access By Public Transportation Setbacks Along Pedestrian Street

Collective Spaces Vertical Goods Movement

Workshops Public Space & Parking

Incubator modules were proposed to encourage local business development. These are multi-tenant buildings that are completely accessible to the public to facilitate the trade of goods and services. Collective spaces were planned for daycares or education services in order to contribute positively to Urumqi’s industrial workforce. The ground floor is mostly left for commerce to create active streets.

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Incubator modules (continued)

View of incubators

Natural LIght Along All Workshops Active Pedestrian Streets Public Plaza At Pedestrian Node

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Hybrid modules exist where clusters of factory, incubator, and open space modules meet. This was designed to create functional and experiential transitions from one area to another. Open space modules are designed for infrastructural support, or to integrate the industrial zone into the city.

Factory to Incubator (Low Density)

Factory to Infrastructure (Low Density)

Incubator to Market

Factory to Incubator (Medium-Density)

Factory to Infrastructure (Medium-Density)

Incubator to Public Space

Factory to Incubator (High Density)

Factory to Infrastructure (High Density)

Incubator to Park

Transition Modules

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The combination of all the modules produces a variety of conditions, layered functions, and an integrated infrastructure within the industrial zone. The zone is thereby not only appropriate for large-scale factories, but also for small-scale industry and other mixed use functions.

View of factories bridging Over vehicular roads

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Factory & Open Space

HighDensity

MediumDensity

LowDensity

Factory & Incubator

Incubator & Open Space

Factory Incubator Open Space

Set of modules

Proximity analysis of site features

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The modules were placed on site using a parametric model. An initial grid for the modules was designed to connect into the adjacent urban network. For each cell within the grid, several proximity calculations were performed to analyze the relationship of the cell to the site’s features: such as connectivity to infrastructure, programmatic edges, and circulation nodes.

Within the parametric model, another calculation determined the optimal land-use, typology, and density for each cell. That information determined the placement of factory modules (red), incubator modules (green), and open-space modules (blue).

The parametric model allowed for a high degree of control over the industrial zone. One use for the model would be to simulate a long term economic model in order to find a feasible mix of factory, incubator, and open-space modules. This model could be further developed by including cost per area values for each module, and using spreadsheets to financially optimize the zone. Additionally it serves as a design tool to compare costs and benefits across the entire industrial zone.

Generated land use

Module placement diagram

Density

60

101

43

3

5253

32

Factory

Open spaceIncubator

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.60

0.60

0.600.40

0.40

0.40

0.20

0.20

0.20

Parametric control of land use within zone

Affinity matrix for determining land use Ternary plot used as interface

Inf.Zoning

Energy Management

Water Management

Waste Management

Node

Primary

Secondary

Transport

Rail

Highway

Roads

Pedestrian

Areas

Industrial

Mixed Use

Waste

Large Scale Factories Workshop Incubator Infrastructure and Resource Management

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Built form: 0.45 Factory, 0.45 Incubator, 0.10 Open-space

0.78 Factory, 0.19 Incubator, 0.03 Open-space 0.21 Factory, 0.71 Incubator, 0.08 Open-space

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Typical fragment

Typical section 0 10 20 30 40m

0 60 120 180 240m N

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CONCLUSIONS

This project demonstrates how modular industrial zones and parametric modelling can create sustainable economic zones. This is achieved by a process that synthesizes complex sets of requirements into form.

The design has significant advantages to current industrial park developments in China: the zone is designed for the long-term, contributes to the local economy, and is connected to the surrounding urban fabric.

These qualities allow the zone to adapt to different functions and economic scenarios over time. This adaptability coupled with green construction methods makes the industrial zone resilient over time, and minimizes ecological damage.