2014 PV Distribution System Modeling Workshop: IEEE 1547a and 1547.1a: Removing the Barriers to...

Aminul Huque, PhD

Project Manager, EPRI

PV Distribution Systems Modeling Workshop

Sandia/EPRI 2014 PV Systems Symposium May 6, 2014

IEEE 1547a and 1547.1a – Removing the

Barriers to Smart Inverters

2 © 2014 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Original context of IEEE1547-2003

Scope: Criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed

resources with electric power systems, up to 10MVA

“DER Interconnection”

• Deals with the relays, switchgear, grounding and interface issues that are specific to the DG at the DG site.

• Generally did not address integration of DER at feeder level, in

power system design, planning or grid operations.


IEEE 1547 Standards, Guides & Recommended Practices

Source: Tom Basso, NREL; April 2014

1547-2008 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power

Systems – WG meeting April 23-25, 2014

P1547a (Amendment 1; ballot recirculation 94% affirmation, at IEEE SASB May’14)

1547.1-2011 Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting DR with EPS –

Reaffirmed in 2011

P1547.1a Amendment 1 – Initiated Aug 2013; planned ballot 2014

1547.2-2008 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnection of DR with EPS

1547.3-2007 Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR

1547.4-2011 Guide for Design, Operation, & Integration of Distributed Resource Island

Systems with EPS

1547.6-2011 Recommended Practice for Interconnecting DR with EPS Distribution

Secondary Network

1547.7-2013 Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for DR Interconnection

(published Dec 2013)

P1547.8 Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide

Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard

1547 – planned ballot 2014


IEEE 1547a – Latest Status

Full Description

Amendment Standard - Unapproved Draft. This document provides a uniform standard for

interconnection of distributed resources with electric power systems. It provides requirements

relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations, and maintenance of

the interconnection.

This DRAFT standard is currently available for purchase from IEEE SA - Standards store:

http://www.techstreet.com/ieee/products/vendor_id/5531

http://www.techstreet.com/ieee/products/vendor_id/5531


Major Changes in IEEE 1547Amendment (1547a)

• Voltage Regulation (section 4.1.1)

• Response to Area EPS Abnormal conditions

– Voltage (section 4.2.3)

– Frequency (section 4.2.4)


Voltage Regulation – Changes in Section 4.1.1.

The DR shall not actively regulate the voltage at the

PCC. Coordination with and approval of, the area EPS

and DR operators, shall be required for the DR to

actively participate to regulate the voltage by changes

of real and reactive power. The DR shall not cause the

Area EPS service voltage at other Local EPSs to go

outside the requirements of ANSI C84.1-2011 1995,

Range A.


Impact of Voltage Regulation Changes

DR will be allowed to actively participate

in closed-loop voltage regulation.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

93

%

94

%

95

%

96

%

97

%

98

%

99

%

10

0%

10

1%

10

2%

10

3%

10

4%

10

5%

10

6%

10

7%

kW

kVA

R

Voltage (% of Nominal)

kVar (max) Nebland Inverter Settings kWVolt-Var Characteristics

Voltage Regulation

thru Volt-Var Function


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

99% 100% 101% 102% 103% 104% 105% 106% 107% 108% 109% 110%

Act

ive

Po

we

r (%

Rat

ed

)

Grid Voltage (V)

Volt-Watt Function

Inverter reducing power

output in response to a

voltage swell (108% VN)

event 270

275

280

285

290

295

300

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Ave

rage

of

3P

has

e L

-N V

olt

age

s (V

)

Act

ive

Po

we

r (k

W)

Time (s)

kW VLN


Response to Area EPS Abnormal conditions

Changes in Section “4.2.3 Voltage”:

When any voltage is in a range given in Table 1, the DR shall

cease to energize the Area EPS within the clearing time as

indicated. Under mutual agreement between the EPS and DR

operators, other static or dynamic voltage and clearing time trip

settings shall be permitted. Clearing time is the time between the

start of the abnormal condition and the DR ceasing to energize the

Area EPS. For DR less than or equal to 30 kW 300 W in peak

capacity, the voltage set points and clearing times shall be either

fixed or field adjustable. For DR greater than 30 kW 300 W, the

voltage set points and clearing times shall be field adjustable.


Changes in “Table 1 – Response to Abnormal

Voltages”

IEEE 1547-2003

IEEE 1547a


Response to Area EPS Abnormal conditions

Changes in Section “4.2.4 Frequency”:

When the system frequency is in a range given in Table 2, the DR shall

cease to energize the Area EPS within the a pre-set clearing time as

indicated. Under mutual agreement between the EPS and DR operators,

other static or dynamic frequency and clearing time trip settings shall be

permitted. Clearing time is the time between the start of the abnormal

condition and the DR ceasing to energize the Area EPS. For DR less than

or equal to 30 kW in peak capacity, the frequency set points and clearing

times shall be either fixed or field adjustable. For DR greater than 30 kW,

the frequency set points shall be field adjustable.

The frequency and time set points in Table 2 shall be field adjustable.

Adjustable under-frequency (UF) and over-frequency (OF) trip settings

shall be coordinated with the Area EPS operations operator. DR settings

for frequency response shall be coordinated with load shedding schemes

of the Area EPS.


Changes in “Table 2 – Response to Abnormal

Frequency”

IEEE 1547-2003

IEEE 1547a


Low/High Voltage Ride Thru

1.0

0.6

1.2

0.8

100 10,0001,000

Duration [ms]

Vo

ltag

e [

pu

]

0.2

0.4

Ride-thru of a

voltage sag event

to 52% nominal

with 15 cycle

duration


Power Modulation

New Addition after Table 2 in Section 4.2.4:

As mutually agreed upon by the area EPS and DR operators, DR shall be

permitted to provide modulated power output as a function of frequency

in coordination with functions UF1, UF2, OF1, and OF2. Operating

parameters shall be specified when this function is provided.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

50 50.25 50.5 50.75 51 51.25 51.5

Inve

rte

r Act

ive

Ou

tpu

t Po

we

r (k

W)

Frequency (Hz)

Germany Retrofitting:

15,000 PV systems

Sized 10kW+

9 GW Nominal Power

Over 3 – 4 years

Costing €70 – 180 Million


Inverter Grid Support Functions – Example Results

400sec reversion time

57.5

58

58.5

59

59.5

60

60.5

61

61.5

62

62.5

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

1

11

4

22

7

34

0

45

3

56

6

67

9

79

2

90

5

10

18

11

31

12

44

13

57

14

70

15

83

16

96

18

09

19

22

20

35

21

48

22

61

23

74

24

87

26

00

27

13

28

26

29

39

30

52

31

65

32

78

33

91

35

04

36

17

37

30

38

43

39

56

40

69

P[kW] Freq[Hzs]

Volt-Var Function

Frequency-Watt

Function


IEEE 1547.1a – Update

Scope of the project:

This IEEE P1547.1a Amendment 1 establishes test regimens to verify interconnection

systems conformance to IEEE Std 1547 Amendment 1 for voltage regulation, and response

to area EPS abnormal conditions of voltage and frequency. Additionally, this P1547.1a may

consider other testing changes that may be necessary in response to updates under the

1547 Amendment 1.

Work in Progress:

New tests to verify that EUT changes its output of active power in response

to overfrequency/ underfrequency events as specified by the manufacturer.

The manufacturer shall specify the response characteristics.

If multiple characteristics are available, this test shall be performed with the

most severe combination of characteristics of the available settings.

Voltage regulation tests

− where the EUT responds to variations in voltage

− verify EUT responds to manufacturer specified communicated

commands and/or settings.

−where the EUT responds to a time schedule


IEEE 1547 – Starting a Full Revision

P1547 PAR Draft Title:

IEEE Std. P1547 Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability

of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power

Systems Interfaces

PAR Draft Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for

interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with electric power

systems (EPS) and associated interfaces.

PAR Draft Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the

interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources (DER) with

electric power systems (EPS). It provides requirements relevant to the

interconnection and interoperability performance, operation and testing, and,

safety, maintenance and security considerations.


IEEE 1547 Full Revision – 1st WG Meeting Highlights

• Around 90 stakeholders joined the meeting

– 50% plus were from utilities including NERC and FERC

– 25% were from manufacturers

– Remaining were testing labs, national labs, and consultants

• Need for inclusion of abnormal voltage and frequency must ride thru in the

standard was clearly expressed by majority – off course there were few

exceptions

• Different ride thru requirements for inverter and rotating machines?

• Remove or increase the standard’s existing limitation to aggregate capacity of

10 MVA or less?

• Need for control, in addition to monitoring provision (for 250MVA and larger),

beyond certain size (yet to be addressed) ?

• Revision is considering inclusion to two type tests – Short circuit & loss of

load behavior test

• Next meeting (tentative) – June 24-25: 1547.1a & 26-27: Full rev. of 1547

– Most likely again in Las Vegas


Conclusion

• IEEE is moving, but likely way to slow….and without the grid

operators at the table

• NERC is on top of transmission level issues, because of wind, but

IVGTF document is for 20MVA size, with discussion to also applied to

10MVA to mate up with IEEE that is up to 10MVA

• But, NERC/FERC (SGIP) are still interstate jurisdiction, not really

aimed at distributed resources of the smaller variety. And, ultimately

states will have jurisdiction over local generation

• Efforts like CA Rule 21, may provide a good path to stay ahead of

variable generation deployments. (just need 49 more states)

Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity

2014 PV Distribution System Modeling Workshop: IEEE 1547a and 1547.1a: Removing the Barriers to...

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