2014NATIONALELECTRICALESTIMATOR

®

By Mark C. Tyler

$72.75

Craftsman Book Company6058 Corte del Cedro, Carlsbad, CA 92011

®

Turn your estimate into a bid.

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Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:Inside the back cover of this book you'll find a software download certificate. To access the download, follow the instructions printedthere. The download includes the National Estimator, an easy to-useestimating program with all the cost estimates in this book. The software will run on PCs using Windows XP, Vista, 7 or 8 operatingsystems.

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SAMPLE

SAMPLE

SAMPLEESTIMATOR

SAMPLEESTIMATOR

SAMPLE

SAMPLEIncludes inside the back cover:

SAMPLEIncludes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:

SAMPLEIncludes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:

SAMPLEIncludes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:Inside the back cover of this book you'll find a software download

SAMPLEInside the back cover of this book you'll find a software download certificate. To access the download, follow the instructions printed

SAMPLEcertificate. To access the download, follow the instructions printedthere. The download includes the National Estimator, an easy to-useSAMPLEthere. The download includes the National Estimator, an easy to-useestimating program with all the cost estimates in this book. The SAMPLEestimating program with all the cost estimates in this book. The software will run on PCs using Windows XP, Vista, 7 or 8 operatingSAMPLEsoftware will run on PCs using Windows XP, Vista, 7 or 8 operatingsystems. SAMPLEsystems. SAMPLE

SAMPLE

The author wishes to thank the following individuals and companies for providing materials andinformation used in this book.

George H. Booth, Vice President Sales — Graybar Electric Company, Inc.

Steve Koundouriotis — P-W Western, Inc.

Don Geibel — Walker Division of Butler Manufacturing Company.

The tables on pages 439 and 440 are reprinted with permission from NFPA 70®-2014, theNational Electrical Code®, Copyright 2013, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA02169. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the National FireProtection Association on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in itsentirety.

National Electrical Code® and NEC® are registered trademarks of the National Fire ProtectionAssociation, Inc. Quincy, MA 02169.

Cover design: Bill Grote

©2013 Craftsman Book CompanyISBN 978-1-57218-293-6Published October 2013 for the year 2014.

Acknowledgments

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annual cost books, and estimating software.Visit our Web site: http://www.craftsman-book.comSAMPLE

are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection

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Craftsman has the books to fill your needs.

SAMPLECraftsman has the books to fill your needs. Call toll-free 1-800-829-8123

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annual cost books, and estimating software.SAMPLEannual cost books, and estimating software.

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How to Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Improving Estimating Accuracy and Profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Section 1: Conduit and Fittings 10EMT Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17EMT Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Flexible Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Flex Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Flex Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Liquid-Tight Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Liquid-Tight Flex Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34PVC Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37PVC Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38P&C Duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45P&C Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Plastic Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47ENT Conduit and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Galvanized Rigid Steel Conduit and Elbows . . .49GRS Elbows and Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51GRS Terminations, IMC and Elbows . . . . . . . . .52IMC Elbows, Couplings and Running Thread . .53GRS Locknuts and Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54GRS Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Aluminum Rigid Conduit Elbows & Nipples . . . .58ARC Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Metal Entrance Elbows and Conduit Bodies . . .63Conduit Body Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Conduit Body Gaskets and Bodies . . . . . . . . . . .65Galvanized Capped Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65Galvanized Cast Boxes and Covers . . . . . . . . . .66Expansion Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Reducing Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Reducing Washers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Bushed Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Couplings and Offset Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Couplings and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Connectors and Straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Conduit Clamps and Entrance Caps . . . . . . . . .77PVC Coated Conduit and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . .78Hanger Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Steel Channel and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Section 2: Wire and Cable 88Copper Building Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93Flexible Cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Non-Metallic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100Armored Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103Power Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Aluminum Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105Steel Messenger Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Wire Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115Connector Lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Section 3: Outlet Boxes 119Handy Boxes and Covers, Switch Boxes . . . . .123Octagon and Square Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1254” Square Switch Rings and Bar Hangers . . . .129Gang Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132Fiberglass Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133Plastic Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Cast Aluminum Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Sheet Metal Pull Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146Floor Boxes, Covers, and Accessories . . . . . .153

Section 4: Lighting Fixtures 157Incandescent Light Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161Recessed Light Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Track Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Exit Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Fluorescent Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174HID Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Light Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195Incandescent Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199Compact Fluorescent Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201Halogen, Quartz, and LED Lamps . . . . . . . . . .202HID Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Sodium Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208Fluorescent Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Ceiling Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217

Section 5: Wiring Devices 218Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Single and Duplex Receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . .237Ground & Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters . . . . . .246Power Cord Receptacles and Plugs . . . . . . . . .248Locking Receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Plastic Locking Connectors and Plugs . . . . . . .255Photo Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259Wiring Device Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

Contents

SAMPLEOctagon and Square Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

SAMPLEOctagon and Square Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

SAMPLE4” Square Switch Rings and Bar Hangers . . . .129

SAMPLE4” Square Switch Rings and Bar Hangers . . . .129Gang Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

SAMPLEGang Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132Fiberglass Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

SAMPLEFiberglass Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133Plastic Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

SAMPLEPlastic Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Cast Aluminum Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

SAMPLECast Aluminum Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Sheet Metal Pull Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

SAMPLESheet Metal Pull Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146Floor Boxes, Covers, and Accessories . . . . . .153

SAMPLEFloor Boxes, Covers, and Accessories . . . . . .153

SAMPLESection 4: Lighting Fixtures

SAMPLESection 4: Lighting FixturesIncandescent Light Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

SAMPLEIncandescent Light Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

SAMPLEPlastic Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SAMPLEPlastic Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47ENT Conduit and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

SAMPLEENT Conduit and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Galvanized Rigid Steel Conduit and Elbows . . .49

SAMPLEGalvanized Rigid Steel Conduit and Elbows . . .49GRS Elbows and Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

SAMPLEGRS Elbows and Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51GRS Terminations, IMC and Elbows . . . . . . . . .52

SAMPLEGRS Terminations, IMC and Elbows . . . . . . . . .52IMC Elbows, Couplings and Running Thread . .53

SAMPLEIMC Elbows, Couplings and Running Thread . .53GRS Locknuts and Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

SAMPLEGRS Locknuts and Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54GRS Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55SAMPLEGRS Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Aluminum Rigid Conduit Elbows & Nipples . . . .58SAMPLEAluminum Rigid Conduit Elbows & Nipples . . . .58ARC Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59SAMPLEARC Nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Metal Entrance Elbows and Conduit Bodies . . .63SAMPLE

Metal Entrance Elbows and Conduit Bodies . . .63SAMPLE

Section 6: Service Entrance Equipment 269Safety Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275Plug Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283Cartridge Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306Circuit Breaker Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315Meter Sockets and Meter Centers . . . . . . . . . .317Loadcenters and Panelboards . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Signal Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327Wireway and Wireway Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .328Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332

Section 7: Underfloor Raceway 335Junction Boxes and Duct Supports . . . . . . . . .339Underfloor Raceway Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Service Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

Section 8: Bus Duct 343Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350Bus Duct Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354Bus Duct Plug-in Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356

Section 9: Cable Tray 358Louvered Tray and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361Aluminum Ladder Tray and Fittings . . . . . . . . .363

Section 10: Signal Systems 365Bells, Buzzers and Sirens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367Beacons and Chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369Signal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Entry Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372

Section 11: Precast ConcreteAccess Boxes 373

Handholes, Pull Boxes and Manholes . . . . . . .375Manhole Necking and Transformer Slabs . . . .376

Section 12: Equipment Hookup 377Motor Hookup and Mechanical Hookup . . . . . .379Kitchen Hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380Standby Generator Hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

Section 13: Motor Control Equipment 382Manual Motor Starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384Magnetic Contactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390Magnetic Starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398Combination Starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404Control Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

Section 14: Trenching and Excavation 420Trenching and Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422

Section 15: Surface Raceways 423Steel Raceway, Fittings and Assemblies . . . . .426Overhead Distribution Systems . . . . . . . . . . . .432Telephone-Power Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Section 16: Grounding 438Copper Wire and Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442Lugs and Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443Ground Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444Exothermic Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

Section 17: Assemblies 446EMT Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447Aluminum Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451Steel Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455PVC Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459Galvanized Rigid Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463Handy Box Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467Sectional Box Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471Switches, 1 and 2 Gang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487Boxes and Receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508Troffer Fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

Section 18: Communications 519Communications Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521Contacts, Pins, Plugs, Receptacles . . . . . . . . .528Subminiature D Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529Data Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532Baluns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Modular Couplers, Jacks, Connectors . . . . . . .534

Wire Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537

Section 19: Undercarpet Wiring Systems 538

Wiring, Cables, Connectors, Accessories . . . .539

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .542

SAMPLEAluminum Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451

SAMPLEAluminum Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451Steel Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455

SAMPLESteel Flex Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455PVC Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459

SAMPLEPVC Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459Galvanized Rigid Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

SAMPLEGalvanized Rigid Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463Handy Box Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

SAMPLEHandy Box Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467Sectional Box Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471

SAMPLESectional Box Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471Switches, 1 and 2 Gang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

SAMPLESwitches, 1 and 2 Gang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487Boxes and Receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508

SAMPLEBoxes and Receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508Troffer Fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

SAMPLETroffer Fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

SAMPLE

SAMPLE365

SAMPLE365

Bells, Buzzers and Sirens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

SAMPLEBells, Buzzers and Sirens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367Beacons and Chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

SAMPLEBeacons and Chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369Signal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

SAMPLESignal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371

SAMPLEDetectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Entry Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372SAMPLEEntry Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372

Section 11: Precast ConcreteSAMPLESection 11: Precast ConcreteSAMPLE

Access BoxesSAMPLEAccess BoxesSAMPLE

This manual is a guide to the cost of installingelectrical work in buildings. It lists costs to the electri-cal subcontractor for a wide variety of electrical work.

Before using any estimate in this book, youshould understand one important point about esti-mating electrical construction costs. Estimating is anart, not a science. There’s no estimate that fits allwork. The manhour estimates in this book will beaccurate for many jobs, but remember that no twojobs are identical. And no two crews complete alltasks in exactly the same amount of time. That’s whyelectrical cost estimating requires exercising goodjudgment. Every estimate has to be custom-made forthe specific job, crew and contractor. No estimatingreference, computerized cost estimating system orestimating service can take into consideration all thevariables that make each job unique.

This book isn’t meant to replace well-informeddecisions. But when supplemented with an estima-tor’s professional evaluation, the figures in this man-ual will be a good aid in developing a reliable cost ofelectrical systems.

Inside the back cover of thisbook you'll find a software

download certificate. To access the download, followthe instructions printed there. The download includesthe National Estimator, an easy-to-use estimatingprogram with all the cost estimates in this book. Thesoftware will run on PCs using Windows XP, Vista, 7or 8 operating systems. When the National Estimatorprogram has been installed, click Help on the menubar to see a list of topics that will get you up and run-ning. Or, go online to www.costbook.com and click theShowMe tutorial link to view an interactive tutorial forNational Estimator.

Labor CostsThe labor costs listed in this manual will apply to

most jobs where the hourly wage in effect is thesame or similar to the following rates:

Journeyman ElectricianBase Wage........................................$29.90 per hr.

Taxable Fringe Benefits at 5.15%.........$1.54 per hr.

Taxes & Insurance at 19.84%...............$6.24 per hr.

Non-taxable Fringe Benefits at 4.55%...$1.36 per hr.

Total Labor Cost....................................$39.04 per hr.

The total hourly cost includes the basic wage, tax-able fringe benefits (vacation pay), workers’ compen-sation insurance, liability insurance, taxes (state andfederal unemployment, Social Secur i ty and

Medicare), and typical nontaxable fringe benefitssuch as medical insurance.

If your hourly labor cost is much lower or higher,costs of installation can be expected to be proportion-ately lower or higher than the installation costs listedin this book. If your total hourly labor cost is 25 per-cent less, for example, reduce the labor figures in thecost tables by 25 percent to find your local cost.

The Craft@Hrs column shows the recommendedcrew and manhours per unit for installation. Forexample, L2 in the Craft@Hrs column means thatwe recommend a crew of two electricians. L1 meansthat a crew of one electrician is recommended.Costs in the Labor Cost column are the result of mul-tiplying the manhours per unit by the rate of $39.04per hour.

For example, if the Craft@Hrs column showsL2@.250, the Labor Cost column will show $9.76.That’s .250 manhours multiplied by $39.04 per man-hour and rounded to the nearest penny.

Divide the manhours per unit into 8 to find thenumber of units one electrician can install in one 8-hour day: 8 divided by .250 equals 32 units per day.Multiply that amount by the number of crew membersto find the number of units the crew is likely to installin an 8-hour day. For example, if the crew is two elec-tricians, multiply 32 by 2 to find that the crew can beexpected to install 64 units in an 8-hour day.

Some tasks require less labor under certain con-ditions. For example, when conduit is run in groups,less labor is required for each 100 linear feet. It’s theestimator’s responsibility to identify conditions likelyto require more or less labor than the standard forthe type of work being estimated.

This book lists both the labor cost per installedunit and the manhours required for installation.Manhours are listed in hundredths of an hour ratherthan minutes, making it easier to calculate units.

Material CostsMaterial prices in this book are based on actual

costs in late 2013, with projections to mid-2014based on the author’s judgment. Prices are neither“retail” nor “wholesale” costs. Instead, they’re intend-ed to reflect typical costs to electrical contractorswho buy at electrical supply houses in mid-2014.Volume purchases may cost less because manydealers offer quantity discounts to good customers.Expect prices to vary with location, terms demanded,services offered, and competitive conditions.

Prices in this manual are not representative ofshelf prices for electrical materials at big box building

5

How to Use This Book

'14

SAMPLEple, if the C

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material retailers – and for good reason. Most elec-trical contractors don’t buy from big box retailers.They buy from specialized electrical material dealerswho offer the selection, service and terms that elec-trical contractors expect. Big box retailers stock limit-ed quantities, no more than a few hundred electricalSKUs, specialize in commodity-grade merchandiseand are generally not set up to meet the needs ofprofessional electrical contractors.

Material costs in this book include normal waste. Ifwaste of materials or breakage is expected to exceed3 to 5 percent of the materials used on the job,include a separate allowance for excessive waste.

Material delivery cost to the job site isn’t includedin this book. When delivery cost is significant andcan be identified, add that cost to these figures.

Please note that the cost of some electrical mate-rials is highly volatile. For example, copper wireprices have been known to fluctuate 10 percent ormore in one month. There’s no reliable way to fore-cast price movements like this. If you’re bidding on aproject that has a quantity of copper products, youmay want to add a qualification to your bid proposalwhich would allow you to pass on a pricing increase(or decrease), based upon the actual materials pric-ing at the time of purchase. This way, you can usethe current price quoted at the time of your bid, but still leave the door open to any major pricing fluctuations.

Add Sales TaxNo state or local sales tax is included in material

prices listed here. Sales tax varies from area to areaand may not be applicable on purchases for sometypes of projects. Add at the appropriate rate whensales tax is charged on materials bought for the job.

Add Overhead and ProfitTo complete the estimate, add your overhead and

expected profit. Many contractors add an additional10 to 15 percent for profit to yield an acceptablereturn on the money invested in the business. But noprofit percentage fits all jobs and all contractors.Profit should be based on the current market in eachuser’s local area.

For some electrical contractors, overhead may addas little as 10 percent to the labor and material cost.But routinely adding 10 percent for overhead is poorestimating practice. Overhead should be based oneach user’s built-in costs. It’s the estimator’s responsi-bility to identify all overhead costs and include them inthe estimate, either as a lump sum or as a percentageof the total labor and material cost.

Other Costs to AddA few other costs are excluded from the figures in

this manual: electrical building permits, special hoist-

ing costs, freight costs not absorbed by the supplier,utility company charges for installation and service,special insurance and bonds, power equipmentother than small tools, mobilization to remote sites,demobilization, nonproductive labor, and nonworkingsupervisors. If these costs are significant and can bedetermined, add them to your estimate. If not, youshould exclude them and specify clearly that they’renot a part of your bid.

All Tables Assume “Good” ConditionsThis means that there are few or no unusual con-

ditions to delay production. Conditions are goodwhen work is performed during usual working hoursin relatively clean surroundings and in readily acces-sible areas not over 12 feet above the finish floor.The temperature is between 50 and 85 degrees F.Electricians are working no more than 8 hours a day,5 days a week.

Good conditions require that all tools and materi-als be available on the job site when needed. Tools,including power tools, are assumed to be in goodworking order. Where power tools are appropriate,it’s assumed that temporary power is provided. Addthe cost of temporary power when it’s furnished atyour expense.

Proper supervision makes a big difference in laborproductivity. The tables assume there is adequatesupervision but make no allowance for nonproductivelabor — supervisors who direct but do no installation.If you plan to have nonproductive supervision on thejob, add that cost to the figures in this manual.

Conditions are seldom “good” when the work areais confined, or when a short construction schedulemakes it necessary for many trades to work at thesame time. The usual result will be stacks of materialobstructing the work space and several tradesmencompeting for access at the point of installation.

If the conditions on the job you’re estimating aren’texpected to be “good,” adjust the labor figures in thisbook as appropriate. Occasionally, larger jobs can bedone faster because specialized equipment or crewscan be used to good advantage. This will usuallyreduce the installation cost. More often, conditions areless than “good.” In that case, labor costs will be higher.

There’s no accepted way to decide how much“bad” conditions will increase the labor hours needed.But it’s accepted estimating practice to assign a costmultiplier of more than 1.0 to a job that can beexpected to require more than the usual amount oflabor per unit installed. For example, if conditions areless than “good” only in minor respects, you mightmultiply labor costs by 1.10. If conditions are verypoor, a multiplier of 1.50 or more may be appropriate.

6

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Other Factors That Affect ProductivityThis book’s tables assume that the crew used for

the job is the smallest crew appropriate for the workat hand. Usually this means that the crew is onejourneyman electrician.

Most experts on the productivity of constructiontrades agree that the smallest crew that can do the jobis usually the most efficient. For example, it’s foolish tohave two men working together setting duplex recep-tacles — one handing tools and material to the otheras needed. Only one of them would be working at anygiven time. It’s more productive to use two one-mancrews, each working independently.

Of course, there are exceptions. Sometimes acrew of one takes twice as long as a crew of two.When pulling feeder cable or setting floor-standingswitchboards or motor control centers, more helpusually cuts the labor cost per installed unit. Somejobs simply can’t be done by a crew of one.

When work is done on a scaffold, someone shouldbe on the ground to chase parts and equipment andprepare lighting fixtures for hanging. It wastes man-power to have an electrician leave the scaffold andreturn when parts or tools are needed. Scaffold

installers should install one fixture while the “grunt”below prepares the next. Conduit should be prefabri-cated on the ground from measurements taken by theelectricians on the scaffold. The assistant shouldbend the conduit and hand it up to the installer.

These labor savings are obvious to anyone who’sdone this type of work, and are assumed in thisbook’s labor tables.

The ElectricianThis book’s labor hours are typical of what a

trained and motivated journeyman electrician with 5years of exper ience will do on most jobs. It’sassumed that the installer can read and follow plansand specifications and has the ability to lay out thework to code.

It shouldn’t make any difference whether the workis in a hospital, a grocery store, a wood mill or asmall convenience store. An experienced journey-man electrician should be able to handle the work atthe rates shown here even though the materials andcode requirements differ. But you’ll have to makeallowances if your installers are only familiar with res-idential work, and the job at hand is something else.

7

Improving Estimating Accuracy & ProfitsIt’s been said that electrical estimators learn by

making mistakes. The best estimators are the oneswho’ve made the most mistakes. Once you’ve madeevery mistake possible, you’re a real expert.

I can’t subscribe 100 percent to that theory, but Iknow that there are plenty of pitfalls for unsuspectingelectrical estimators. This section is intended to sug-gest ways to spot potential problems before theybecome major losses. It’ll also recommend stepsyou can take to increase the profit on most jobs.

Labor ProductivityImproving output even slightly can result in major

cost savings. Cutting only a minute or two off theinstallation time for each duplex receptacle or handybox can reduce the labor cost by several hundred toa thousand dollars a job. Getting better productivityfrom your electricians should be a primary concernfor every electrical contractor.

Assuming your electricians are experienced, well-trained, and have all the tools and materials they needto complete the work, the most significant increase inproductivity will probably be through motivation.

The best form of motivation for most electriciansis to encourage pride in the work they do. Every alertsupervisor knows the value of recognizing a job welldone. Acknowledging good work builds confidenceand encourages extra effort in the future.

Labor AvailabilityLabor in each locale may not always be readily

available. Prior to bidding any project, make an eval-uation of the available work force. You may need tomake staffing or salary adjustments for the durationof that project. Your work force evaluation will helpyou prepare for adding another workman, or adjust-ing a current employee’s salary and benefits to com-pete with rates in your area.

Handling InspectionsThe on-site supervisor or foreman should be respon-

sible for dealing with all inspectors. Don’t let others cir-cumvent the supervisor’s or foreman’s authority.

An inspector’s only job is to see that the installa-tion complies with the code. They aren’t supervisorsand don’t direct the work. They can and do interpretthe code and sometimes make mistakes. Encouragethe foreman or supervisor to take issue promptlywith a questionable interpretation. Ask the inspectorto cite a specific code as his reference. If the inspec-tor insists that his interpretation is correct, and if youbelieve it’s wrong, call the building official to initiatean appeal. Your trade association or the NationalElectrical Contractors’ Association may also be ableto persuasively argue in your favor.

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Some inspectors have a reputation for beingimpossible to deal with. Aggressive enforcement ofquestionable code interpretations can severely hurtproject productivity. Following the code carefully willkeep you out of most compliance arguments. Everyelectrician and electrical supervisor must know thecode. Code classes are taught at continuationschools in many communities. You can take codeclasses to both understand how the code is appliedand to remain current on code changes.

Mobilization and DemobilizationMany electrical subcontractors have job shacks

and lockup boxes that can be moved onto the job forstoring tools and materials. Some larger firms havetrailers that can be moved from job to job. No matterwhat type of on-site storage you use, setting uptakes time. The bigger the job, the more time willprobably be needed.

Usually the first step is getting permission to set upyour storage area on the site. Sometimes storagespace is at a premium. Some city projects literallyhave no storage space until parts of the building arecompleted and can then be used. Occasionally toolsand equipment will have to be stored off site. This canrequire daily mobilization and demobilization, whichincreases your labor cost substantially. Be sure yourestimate includes these costs.

Demobilization usually takes less time and costsless than mobilization. Removing the surplus materi-al, tools and equipment can be done by helpers ormaterial handlers rather than electricians.

One important item in mobilization is temporaryelectrical service. Be sure you know who pays forinstallation of temporary power and who pays forpower used on site during construction. It’s commonfor the electrical contractor to cover the cost of electri-cal distribution and service. Installation is usually doneby your electricians and will have to pass inspection.

Most communities require temporary electricalpermits prior to starting work. Before applying for thepermit, contact the electric utility provider and requesta meeting with whoever coordinates extensions ofservice — usually the planner. Before your meeting,determine what size service you need. The plannerwill tell you what voltage is available and where thepoint of connection will be. Don’t end this meeting withthe planner until you’ve covered every requirementand procedure imposed by the electric utility.

Job CleanupTrash and debris that obstructs access to (and

on) the job site can make good production next toimpossible. That alone should be encouragement toregularly dispose of accumulated waste. Most speci-fications require that subcontractors remove unusedmaterials, cartons, wrappers and discarded equip-

ment. On many jobs, the general contractor has theright to backcharge subs for removal of their dis-cards if they don’t clean the site themselves.

Encourage your crews to do their cleanup whileinstallation is in progress. For example, each time afixture is removed from a carton, the tradesman shouldcollapse the carton and throw it on the discard pile. Ittakes slightly more time to dispose of trash this way,but cleanup is less likely to be forgotten.

Some contractors and subcontractors have a rep-utation for running a dirty job. You’ve probably seensites that are so cluttered that you can’t understandhow anyone could work efficiently. Of course, as theelectrical contractor, you can’t dictate to the generalcontractor or the other subcontractors. But the workhabits of others affect your productivity, and conse-quently, your profit.

I believe that if accumulated debris is slowingprogress on the job, it’s within your rights to discussit with the general and the other subs. Request ameeting, right in the middle of the clutter. That alonemay do the trick.

If you don’t insist on a clean site, the fire depart-ment probably will. A clean job is more efficient andsafer. A cluttered job costs everyone time and money.

ProductionNo matter how simple and quick you anticipate

them to be, most jobs will have some productionproblems. Every job is unique. Every job bringstogether skilled tradesmen with varying preferencesand habits. Some have never worked togetherbefore. Yet each must coordinate the work he doeswith those who precede him and those who follow.It’s normal to expect that some adjustments will beneeded before cooperation becomes routine.

Of course, the general contractor is the key tocooperation among the trades. A general whoschedules trades properly will have fewer problemsand will help all subcontractors earn the profitthey’re hoping for. This isn’t automatic. And somegeneral contractors never learn how to scheduleproperly. From an estimating prospective, it’s moreexpensive to work for a contractor who has sched-uling problems than it is to work for a contractorwho’s efficient at job coordination. If you anticipateproduction problems like this on a job, your esti-mate should reflect it.

Good supervision helps avoid most productionproblems. Try to schedule material deliveries in atimely manner. Have the right tools on hand whenneeded. Keep crews as small as possible. Don’twork your crews more than 40 hours a week unlessabsolutely necessary. Too many bodies and toomany hours will erode production.

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If you’re using a larger crew, don’t have everyonework at the same time. Instead, break the crew intotwo units and encourage friendly competition betweenthe two. Offer a reward for the winning crew.

CorrectionsThis book’s tables assume that little or no time is

spent making corrections after the work is done.Electrical contractors should have very few callbacks.

If you’re called back often to replace faulty materialsor correct defective workmanship, one of four things ishappening. First, you could be working for some veryparticular contractors or owners, or handling somevery sensitive work. In that case, callbacks could bepart of the job and should be included in each esti-mate. Second, you could be installing substandardmaterials. Third, your electricians could be doing hap-hazard work. Finally, your installation procedure couldbe omitting fixture and circuit tests that could locateproblems before the owner finds them.

When qualified electricians install quality materials,the risk of a callback is small. Occasionally a ballastwill fail after 10 or 20 hours in use. And sometimes anowner’s negligence will damage a circuit or switch.When this happens, accept the service work as rou-tine. Complete it promptly at no extra charge.Consider it cheap advertising — a chance to establishyour reputation with the owner. You could turn theservice call into some extra work later.

Your Type of WorkMost electrical contractors prefer to handle specif-

ic types of work. Only a few have the capital, equip-ment and skills needed to handle the largest jobs.Most will do residential wiring because that’s themost plentiful work available. Some prefer privatework with as little government interference as possi-ble. Others bid only government jobs.

The most profitable electrical contractors special-ize in one type of work or customer. The electricalconstruction field is too broad to do everything well.Select an area that you feel comfortable with, andconcentrate on doing it as well or better than anyoneelse. Of course, some of the older and larger electri-cal shops will do almost any type of work. But nearlyevery electrical contractor prefers some class of jobover all others — and would take only that work ifthere was enough available to stay busy.

Observe the electrical contractors in your area.Notice the companies that seem to be busiest andmost profitable. See what class of customers theyservice or what type of work they do most. It’s proba-bly easier to follow the success of another contractorwho’s found a winning formula than it is to invent anew formula yourself.

Specialization lets you hire electricians who arespecialists, too. That tends to improve productivity,keep costs down, and improve profits — as long asyou’re handling work that’s within your specialty.

Coordination is easier and the profits will usuallybe higher if you work for a limited number of generalcontractors. Some contractors seem to be mastersat putting a project together. These same contrac-tors probably pay promptly and treat their subs fairly.That makes your job easier and tends to fatten yourbottom line. If you’ve found several contractors whomake life more pleasant for you, keep them suppliedwith competitive bids that’ll bring more work into bothyour shop and theirs.

Most electrical contractors don’t bid governmentwork. It’s a specialty that requires specific knowl-edge: complying with detailed general conditions,observing regulations, anticipating inspection criteriaand following administrative procedures. And everybranch of federal, state and local government has itsown requirements. Those who’ve mastered the pro-cedures usually do quite well when work is plentiful.But government work is a tide that rises and falls justlike that of general construction.

Bid ShoppingMany contractors prefer projects that require sub-

contractor listings. The general contractor must list thesubcontractors he plans to use, and has to use thesubs he lists. When listing of subs isn’t required, insome cases the general contractor shops for lowersubcontract bids right up to the time work begins.Even if the general has to list his subs in the contractwith the owner, he’ll still usually have a month or twoto shop bids after the contract is awarded.

When a general contractor uses your bid to land ajob, it’s normal to expect that your company will getthe contract. Giving all your competition a secondlook at the job is in no one’s interest but the generalcontractor’s. It’s a waste of time to bid for generalcontractors who shop their sub bids. Nor is it goodpractice to undercut another electrical contractorwhose estimate was used by the winning generalcontractor. Support the effort of reputable subcon-tractors who promote subcontractor listing at bid time.

Need More Help?This book is concerned primarily with labor and

material costs for electrical construction. You’ll findonly limited information here on how to compile anestimate. If you need a detailed explanation on howto make a material take-off and complete the bid,another book by this publisher may be helpful. Youcan read about and purchase Estimating ElectricalConstruction using the order form bound into theback of this book.

9

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Every electrical estimator should be familiar withthe National Electrical Code®. Nearly all inspectionauthorities follow NEC® recommendations on whatis and what is not good electrical construction prac-tice. Most inspection authorities accept electricalmaterials that comply with NEC standards. Butsome cities and counties have special require-ments that supplement the current NEC. Othersare still following an older edition of the NEC. TheNEC is revised every three years to incorporatechanges deemed necessary to keep the code up-to-date.

Be aware of the version of the NEC that appliesat each job you’re estimating, and stay current onspecial requirements that the inspection authoritymay impose.

Job specifications usually state that all workmust comply with the NEC. But on many jobs theNEC sets only the minimum standard. Job specifi-cations may prohibit what the NEC permits. Forexample, job specs might require specific installa-tion methods or mandate specification grade fix-tures.

The National Electr ical Code classifies allenclosed channels intended to carry electrical con-ductors as “raceway.” This includes conduit,busway and wireway. The most common racewayis electrical conduit. The code identifies the sizeand number of conductors that can be run througheach size of conduit.

Conduit is intended to serve two purposes. First,it’s a protective shield for the conductor it carries. Itreduces the chance of accidental damage to thewire or insulation. Second, it protects people andproperty from accidental contact with the conduc-tors. A ground or short is both a safety and a firehazard.

Conduit is generally required in commercial andindustrial buildings, hospitals, hotels, office build-ings, stores and underground facilities. It’s not gen-erally used in wiring homes and apartments.

Several types of electrical conduit have beenapproved for electr ical construction. Each isdesigned for a specific purpose or use. All conduitused in electrical construction as a raceway forconductors must bear a label issued by theUnderwriter’s Laboratories. The UL label indicatesthat the product has been approved for use underthe National Electrical Code.

The NEC permits a maximum of four bendstotaling 360 degrees between terminations in a run

of conduit. Exposed conduit should be installedhorizontal or vertical and should run parallel tobuilding members. Concealed conduit should berun in the shortest direct line to reduce the lengthof run. Long runs waste materials, require exces-sive labor and, if long enough, can reduce the volt-age available at the load end.

Electrical Metallic TubingEMT is also known as thin wall or steel tube.

EMT conduit is nonferrous steel tubing sold in 10-foot lengths. Unlike water pipe, the ends aren’tthreaded. The conduit has a corrosion-resistantcoating inside and outside. This coating may behot-dipped galvanizing, electroplating, or someother material. The conduit sizes are ½", ¾", 1",1¼", 1½", 2", 2½", 3", 3½" and 4".

Many types of EMT fittings are available. Thereare elbows, compression, set screw, indent anddrive-on fittings which may be made of steel or diecast. Couplings and connectors are sold separatelyand not included in the pr ice of the conduit.Various types of connectors may be purchasedwith or without insulated throats. The locknuts forthe connectors are included in the cost of the con-nector.

Couplings are available for joining EMT to rigidmetal conduit and to flexible conduit. These cou-plings are available in compression, set screw anddrive-on type and are made of steel or die cast.

EMT conduit is sold without couplings. You haveto figure the number of couplings needed and pricethem separately. To figure the number needed,allow one coupling for each 10 feet of conduit.Then add one coupling for each factory-madeelbow.

EMT should be bent with a special conduit ben-der. The bender has a shoe that fits over andaround about half of the conduit to keep the con-duit from collapsing as it bends. With a bender it’seasy to produce smooth, consistent bends up to 90degrees. Hand benders are used on sizes from ½"to 1¼". EMT bending machines are available for allsizes of conduit. There are manual, hydraulic andelectrically driven machines.

Offsets are made to take EMT conduit aroundobstructions, and when needed, to align the con-duit at a box or cabinet. You can make offsets witha hand bender on sizes up to 1¼". Offsets in EMTconduit over 1¼" should be made with a machine.

10

Section 1:Conduit and Fittings

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In smaller sizes, conduit can be cut with a tubingcutter. Cut larger diameters with a hacksaw or bymachine. Cut ends must be reamed to remove theburrs made while cutting. Burrs can damage insu-lation when wire is pulled through the conduit.Ream with a pocket knife or pliers on smaller sizesand with a metal file or pipe reamer on larger sizes.

EMT must be supported so it doesn’t deflect onlonger runs. Straps and nailers are the most com-mon way of supporting EMT. Straps usually haveone or two holes for securing to the building. Mostinspection authorities won’t let you support EMT onplumber’s perforated metal tape. Straps come inthin steel, heavy duty steel or malleable types.There are special straps made of spring steel forsupporting small sizes of EMT to hanger rods ordrop ceiling wires.

EMT conduit should be supported at least every10 feet with a strap or hanger and within 18 inchesof every junction box or cabinet.

Other supports include beam clamps for attach-ing conduit to structural steel members and strapsfor mounting EMT on steel channel strut. Thesetwo-piece straps or clamps are inserted into thestrut and bolted together to hold the conduit inplace.

EMT can be installed inside or outside, in con-crete or masonry, exposed or concealed in walls,floors or ceilings. But be sure to use the correct fit-tings in wet locations. EMT is not approved formost types of hazardous locations. Some specslimit the use of EMT to dry areas and don’t allowplacement in masonry or concrete. Conduit placedin concrete floor slab is generally placed below thereinforcing bar curtain or between curtains whentwo curtains are used. Tie the conduit to the rebarto prevent shifting as the concrete is placed.

Where conduit is turned up above the surface ofthe concrete, the radius of the turn must be con-cealed. Part of it can be concealed in a wall, butnone should be visible after the building finish hasbeen installed.

As with all types of conduit, EMT should beinstalled with a minimum of damage to the struc-ture. Keep it clear of heating, ventilating and airconditioning ducts, fire sprinkler systems, plumbinglines, access doors, etc. When necessary, theinstaller will have to make offsets and bends so theconduit fits into devices, electrical boxes and cabi-nets.

Flexible Metal ConduitThere are several types of flex conduit: standard

wall steel flex, reduced wall steel flex, and alu-minum flex. It comes in diameters from 3/8" to 4"and is coiled in rolls of 100 feet in the small sizesand 25 feet in the larger sizes. Flex is usually used

in concealed locations but never underground or inconcrete. It’s cut with a special flex cutter, a handhacksaw, or with a power cutter such as a portableband saw. The inside cut edge must be reamed toremove cutting burrs which would damage insula-tion when wire is pulled through conduit.

Flex connectors are available with set screw,screw-in, clamp type, straight, or angled connec-tors. They’re made of steel or die cast. Insulatedconnectors are also available. Die cast flex cou-plings are available for joining flex to flex, flex toEMT, or flex to threaded conduit. Support flex withconduit straps or nailers.

Most inspection authorities require that a bond-ing conductor be installed when electrical wiring isrun in flex. Bonding ensures that there’s electricalcontinuity in the flex from one end to the other.

Some specifications restrict the use of flex toshort connections to equipment that is subject tovibration (such as motors and machinery) and forbuilt-ins, recessed lighting, and lay-in lighting fix-tures.

Flex conduit is popular in remodeling workwhere wiring in raceway has to be run through anexisting cavity wall or in a ceiling cavity. With a littleeffort, your installer can fish the flex from point topoint without opening the wall or ceiling.

Polyvinyl Chloride ConduitPVC conduit is approved by the NEC for many

types of applications. But there are some situationswhere it cannot replace metallic conduit. It’s notapproved for hazardous locations or in return airplenums. Check with the inspection authority forother restrictions. The standard length is 10 feetand sizes range from ½" to 6". Schedule 40 PVC isthe standard weight. Schedule 80 has a heavierwall. PVC can be installed directly underground,concrete encased underground, exposed, in con-crete walls, and in unit masonry.

One coupling is furnished with each length ofconduit and is usually attached to the conduit. PVCmust be bent with a special hot box which heatsthe conduit until it becomes pliable. Once heated tothe right temperature, the tube is bent and thenallowed to cool. PVC fittings fit both Schedule 40and 80 conduit. Couplings, terminal adapters,female adapters, expansion fittings, end bells,caps, conduit bodies, pull boxes, outlet boxes andelbows require a special cement. The glue is air-drying and comes in half-pints, pints, quarts, andgallon containers. The smaller containers have abrush attached to the cap for applying the cementto the conduit or fittings. PVC conduit can joinother types of conduit if you use the right fittings totie the two types together.

PVC is nonconductive. That makes a bondingconductor necessary to ensure electrical continuity

11

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from the device to the service panel. You probablywon’t need a bonding conductor when PVC is usedas communications conduit or in some applicationthat doesn ’ t include electr ical wir ing. Wheninstalled exposed, PVC requires extra support tokeep it from sagging.

Some job specs restrict use of PVC to specificlocations. One common restriction is to limit PVCto underground installations encased in a concreteenvelope. Many specifications restrict its use tocertain applications.

PVC conduit can be cut with a hand hacksaw, awood crosscut saw, or with a power cuttingmachine. The inside cut edge should be reamed toremove the cutting burr. Use a pocket knife or afile.

Power and communications duct is usuallycalled P&C duct. It’s made of PVC in 25-footlengths and in diameters from 1" to 6". There aretwo types of P&C duct. One is called EB forencased burial. The other is DB for direct burial.Fittings for P&C duct include couplings (one is fur-nished with each length), end bells, caps andplugs, terminal adapters, female adapters, elbows,and expansion fittings. The elbows are available invarious shapes and with either long or short radii.Fittings can be used either on type EB or DB. Usea special cement to weld the fittings to the conduit.

Bend P&C duct with a hot box. It can be cut withthe same tools as PVC conduit. The inside cutedge must be reamed to remove the cutting burr.

P&C duct is used for underground systems only,never above ground.

ABS underground duct is used and installed thesame as PVC P&C duct. It requires a special ABScement to weld the fittings to the conduit. The jobspecifications or the utility company may requireeither P&C, ABS or PVC duct, depending on thespecific use.

Galvanized Rigid ConduitGRS or RSC (for rigid steel conduit) is made with

nonferrous metal and has a corrosion-resistantcoating on the inside. The outer coating is eitherhot-dipped galvanizing or electroplate. It comes indiameters from ½" to 6" and in 10-foot lengths witha thread on each end. A coupling is furnished on oneend of each length. GRS can be cut with a handhacksaw, a pipe cutter, or with a cutting machine.The inner cut edge must be reamed to remove theburr. Use a pipe reamer or a file.

After the pipe has been cut and reamed, it canbe threaded. Use a hand die for threading on asmall job. Where there’s more cutting and thread-ing to be done, use a threading machine. Severaltypes are available. Small portable electric thread-ing tools cut sizes up to 2". Larger threadingmachines can cut, ream and thread conduit diame-

ters up to 6". Another good choice for GRS up to 6”is a threading set that uses a tripod vise stand anda threading head that clamps to the pipe in the visestand. The threading head is turned with a univer-sal joint connected to a power vise. Another setuses a tripod vise stand to hold the conduit. Thethreading head clamped on the conduit is turnedwith a reduction gear assembly powered by anelectric drill. This rig works well on diameters over2".

Use enough cutting oil to keep the die cool andlubricated during thread cutting. Cutting oil comesin clear or dark and in small cans, gallons and bar-rels. Use an oil can to keep a film of oil ahead ofthe dies. Commercial oiling units hold about a gal-lon of cutting oil and recirculate oil back to the cut-ting teeth as oil drips into the catch basin. Mostthreading machines have automatic oilers that filterthe oil as it’s reused.

Elbows are available for all sizes of GRS. Longradius bends are available for the larger sizes.Some specifications require concentric bends forall exposed conduit installed parallel on a commonhanging assembly or trapeze.

GRS fittings include couplings, locknuts, bush-ings, one-hole straps, two-hole straps, heavy dutytwo-hole straps, expansion fittings, threadlesscompression couplings, threadless set-screw cou-plings, threadless compression connectors, thread-less set-screw connectors, three-piece union-typecouplings, strut clamps, beam clamps, hangerclamps, condulets, split couplings, caps, and plugs.

Galvanized rigid conduit is bent about the sameway as EMT except that the bender is made forbending rigid conduit. Hand benders are used onconduit up to 1". There are hand benders for 1¼"and 1½" rigid steel conduit, but it takes a lot ofeffort to make the bend. Power benders can beused on all sizes of conduit, even the ½".

There are three common types of rigid steelbenders: one-shot benders create a single stan-dard radius arc. Segment benders must be movedalong the conduit as each few degrees of bend aremade. The electric sidewinder bender has up tothree bending shoes in place ready to bend any ofthree sizes of conduit. The sidewinder saves laboron larger rigid conduit jobs.

Supports for rigid conduit must be no more than10 feet apart from support to support and within 18inches of junction boxes or cabinets.

Trapeze hangers are often used to carry multi-ple runs of GRS conduit. Trapeze hangers can bemade from strut, angle iron, or channel iron. Thetrapeze is supported from the structural frame ofthe building with threaded rod — usually either 3/8"or 1/2" diameter. The upper part of the rod isattached to beam clamps or concrete anchors. Thelower portion of the rod is run through the trapezeand is secured with double nuts and flat washers.

12

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Like other hangers, trapezes have to be placedwithin 10 feet of each other and should be sized tosupport the total weight of the conduit and allcable. Trapeze hangers can be stacked one overthe other with conduit clamped on each one.

IMC ConduitIntermediate metal conduit (IMC) has a thinner

wall than GRS. It comes in the same sizes anduses the same fittings as GRS. The same toolscan be used for cutting, threading, and bending.It’s made about the same way as GRS, comes in10-foot lengths and is galvanized for corrosionresistance. The difference is that IMC is lighter andeasier to install than GRS. Some specificationsrestrict its use to specific applications.

PVC Coated ConduitBoth GRS and IMC conduit come with a PVC

coating for use in highly corrosive locations.Aluminum tubing also comes with a PVC coating,but applications are restricted to specific uses. ThePVC coating is either 10, 20 or 40 mils thick, and isbonded directly to the conduit wall. Most fittingsmade for use with GRS are available with a PVCcoating.

To thread PVC coated conduit, the PVC coatingmust be cut back away from the end to be thread-ed. When PVC coated conduit is put in a vise, besure the coating is protected from the vise jaws.Also be careful when you’re bending PVC coatedconduit not to damage the coating. If the coating isdamaged, patching material is available to restorethe surface. The material comes in a spray can.Apply several thin layers to repair worn spots.

Conduit Take-OffHere’s how to calculate conduit quantities. First,

scan the specs that cover conduit and conduitinstallation. Absorb all the information that relatesto conduit. Then review the drawings for anythingabout conduit. The symbol list may include theengineer’s design notations. Notes on the drawingsor in the specs may set specific minimum conduitsizes. It’s common for an engineer to require aminimum size conduit in the home run to the panelor cabinets or to specify a minimum size of ¾"throughout the job. It’s also common practice tolimit the maximum size of EMT to 2". Ignoring anote like that can be expensive.

For your quantity take-off, use any ruled 8½" by11" tablet. Draw a pencil line down the left side ofthe sheet about an inch from the edge. Begin bylooking for the smallest diameter of EMT. Write“EMT” at the top left of your take-off sheet. On thenext line down, to the left of the vertical line, list thesmallest EMT size found in the project — probably½". To the right of the vertical line and on the same

horizontal line as the size, you’re going to listlengths of EMT of that diameter. Then you’ll go tothe next larger diameter, listing quantities until allEMT on the plans has been covered.

Check the plan scale before you start measuringconduit. If the plan has been reduced photographi-cally to save paper, the scale will be inaccurate.Once you’re sure of the correct scale, select theappropriate map measure or rule to compute con-duit lengths.

Measure the length of each run of ½" EMT. Addenough conduit to include the run down to the wallswitch, receptacle or panel. Write down the calcu-lated length. As each run is listed on your take-offsheet, put a check mark on the plan over the lineyou just measured. Use an erasable color penciland let each color stand for a particular conduittype. For example, red might be for GRS conduit.Follow the same color code on all estimates toavoid mistakes.

If there are more than two or three plan sheets,it’s good practice to calculate the length of ½" EMTon each plan sheet and list that number separatelyon your take-off form. When you’ve finished takingoff ½" EMT on the first plan sheet, list that quantity,and at the top of the column write in the plan sheetnumber. Then draw a vertical line to the right ofthat column and start accumulating lengths fromthe next plan sheet. As each plan page is taken off,enter the total and write the plan sheet number atthe top of the column. Figure 1-1 shows what yourtake-off might look like if conduit and fittings arefound on plan sheets E3 to E11.

When all of the smallest-diameter EMT hasbeen listed, go on to the next larger size. Followthe same procedure.

After listing all EMT, begin with the fittings.Below the last horizontal line used for conduit, andto the left of the vertical line, write the word“Connectors.” Below that, list all sizes of connec-tors needed for the job, again working from thesmallest size to the largest. Don’t bother to list thecouplings. They’ll be figured later from the totalconduit length — one for each 10 feet and one foreach elbow.

Count each connector needed for each conduitrun on each plan sheet. Enter the total on yourtake-off form. When all connectors are counted,count EMT elbows from 1¼" to the largest sizeneeded.

Follow this system for all estimates and for eachitem on every estimate. Keep it simple and uniformto avoid mistakes and omissions. When finished,your conduit and fitting take-off form might look likeFigure 1-1. The right column is the sum of thecolumns to the left.

13

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Many jobs limit the use of EMT to dry locations.So your EMT take-off will probably start with thelighting plans or the lighting portion of the plan.

Taking Off the WireNext, compute the quantity of wire needed.

Head up another take-off form with the word “Wire”at the top. Put a vertical line down the left side ofthe page about an inch from the left edge. In thismargin, list wire sizes from the smallest to thelargest. To the right of the vertical line you’ll listlengths for each wire gauge, on each plan sheet.

Start by measuring the length of ½" EMT withtwo #12 wires. Multiply by 2 to find the wire length.Then measure the length of ½" EMT with three #12wires and multiply by 3. Keep following this proce-

dure until the wire needed in all EMT has beencomputed. But watch for changes in the wire sizeon long runs. Sometimes the engineer will decidethat a larger wire size is needed in the first portionof a run to reduce the voltage drop at the end ofthe line. This is common where the last device orfixture on a circuit is a long way from the panel.

Follow the same procedure for all conduit andwire. Record all of the measurements on the worksheets. Don’t worry about waste of conduit or wireat this point. We’ll include an allowance for wasteafter the totals are added and before figures aretransferred to the pricing sheets.

Sometimes the specifications or a note on theplans will allow the use of aluminum feeder wireover a certain size, providing the ampacity of the

14

Figure 1-1

Work Sheet Estimate No.: M351

Conduit / FittingsE3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 Total

½" EMT 550 420 200 90 290 130 190 320 2190

¾" 20 30 20 80 150

1" 3 5 50 58

1¼" 30 30

1½" 90 90

2" 4 16 20

½" Conn 76 52 124 47 48 16 14 18 395

¾" 4 26 4 19 2 55

1" 4 5 2 2 13

1¼" 2 2

1½" 4 4

2" 2 4 6

1¼" Elb 2 2

1½" 3 3

2" 3 3

½" PVC 310 380 50 740

¾" 120 100 220 50 490

1" 40 320 40 400

1¼" 180 180

1½" 60 75 135

2" 10 25 70 75 180

4" 150 150

½" FA 45 30 4 79

¾" 4 4 12 2 22

1" 2 17 2 21

1¼" 0

1½" 4 2 6

2" 2 2 2 6

½" TA 5 5

¾" 4 4

1" 1 1

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15

wire is maintained and the conduit size is increasedto accommodate the larger wire size. Be sure toobserve these restrictions.

Taking Off Other ConduitSome specifications permit the use of aluminum

conduit in certain locations. The aluminum conduitis made in the same sizes as GRS. The fittings areidentical except that they’re made of aluminuminstead of steel. Most specs prohibit the use of dis-similar metals in a conduit run and don’t allow plac-ing of aluminum conduit in concrete. Aluminumconduit saves time because it’s lighter and easierto handle. But large wire sizes may be a little moredifficult to pull in aluminum conduit. The insulationof the wire, the length of the conduit run, and thepulling lubricant used have an effect on pullingresistance.

When taking off the underground conduit, start aseparate work sheet for trenching, surface cutting,breaking, and patching. List all excavation forunderground pull boxes, handholes, manholes,poles, and light pole bases. Be sure the trenchesare big enough for the number of duct they have tocarry. If the specifications require concrete or sandencasement around underground duct, calculatethe amount of concrete or sand as you computemeasurements for each trench.

Be systematic. Follow the same procedure con-sistently on every take-off. If there are other estima-tors in your office, be sure they are using the sameprocedures. Being consistent reduces errors, mini-mizes omissions, and makes the work easier forothers to check.

We’ve covered all common conduit. But someother types are used occasionally for special pur-poses:

Fiber duct is a paper and creosote duct. Type 1is intended for concrete encasement and Type 2 isused for direct burial. Sizes range from 2" to 5".Lengths can be 5, 8 or 10 feet. End fittings aretapered. Ends that have been cut must be taperedwith a duct lathe.

Transite duct is cement asbestos duct. Type 1is for concrete encasement and Type 2 is for directburial. Sizes range from 2" to 6". It’s made in 5, 8and 10-foot lengths. Transite is harder to cut andmust have tapered ends for fittings.

Soapstone duct is made from a soapstone-likematerial in sizes from 2" to 4".

Wrought iron pipe comes in sizes from 2" to 4".It’s used only for certain types of underground com-munications lines and has to be threaded on eachend to accept fittings.

Clay conduit comes in sizes from 2" to 4". It’sused for underground communication runs only.

These types of conduit are seldom specifiedtoday. You’ll see them used only when an old ductline has to be extended. It may be hard to find a fit-ting that will join an existing duct system made withone type of duct to a new run of duct made fromsome other material. Sometimes an oversize plas-tic coupling can be used. In some cases an insideplastic coupling can be inserted into the old con-duit. Then new conduit can be joined to start thenew run.

Before extending an old underground duct sys-tem, check the old conduit with a mandrel to besure the line is clean and clear. Old fiber duct that’sbeen under water for a long time will swell, makingthe inside diameter too small to pull new cable.

Silicon-bronze conduit comes in sizes from ½"to 4". It’s threaded like GRS and uses similar fit-tings, except that fittings are silicon-bronze also. It’sused in extremely corrosive locations. This type ofconduit will be available from your dealer on specialrequest only. It’s harder to bend, but can be bentwith standard rigid bending tools. It threads verywell with the standard threading tools and cuttingoil.

Liquid-tight flexible metal conduit comes insizes from ½" to 4". It’s used to extend conduit toelectrical equipment in damp or wet locations.Special fittings are available for connecting electri-cal systems and devices with this conduit. Yourdealer probably stocks a limited supply of liquid-tight flex and will quote prices on request. The con-duit can be cut with a hacksaw. Be sure to removethe cutting burr. Special connectors with grips areavailable to support the conduit and prevent anypulling strain.

Liquid-tight flexible non-metallic conduitcomes in sizes from 1/2" to 11/2". It’s used in place offlexible metal conduit in concealed locations.Special fittings are available for making connec-tions. Your dealer may have a limited supply instock.

Flexible metallic tubing is available only insizes from 3/8" to 3/4". Special fittings are availablefor making connections. The tubing can be bent byhand and is cut with a hacksaw. The cutting burrmust be removed before connectors are installed.

Other UL-approved raceways for electrical sys-tems are covered in other sections of this book.See the sections on surface metal raceway, under-floor ducts, header ducts, cable tray, and wireway.

Using the Conduit TablesThe labor tables that follow are for conduit runs

that average 50 feet. You’ll note that there is nomodification in the tables for shorter runs or longerruns of conduit. I agree that it takes more time perlinear foot to install a 5-foot run of conduit than itdoes to install a 95-foot run of conduit. But I don’t

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recommend that you tally shorter runs and longerruns separately and then compute labor separatelyfor each. There’s an easier way.

On most jobs the conduit runs average 50 feet.There will usually be about as many runs under 50feet as there are runs over 50 feet. It’s safe then, touse a 50-foot run as our benchmark. As long asthe conduit runs on a job average close to 50 feet,there’s no need to modify the figures in thesetables. If conduit runs average well over 50 feet,consider reducing the cost per linear foot slightly.Increase the cost slightly if conduit runs averageless than 50 feet.

The labor costs that follow include the laborneeded to bore holes in wood stud walls. Whereholes have to be cut through concrete or unitmasonry, add these costs separately.

Typical conduit bending is included in the tablesthat follow. Usually you will have a bend or offsetabout every 20 feet. Labor needed to make bendsand offsets is minor when installing the smallersizes of conduit.

Concealed conduit is installed where it will beinaccessible once the structure or finish of thebuilding is completed. Exposed conduit isattached to the surface where access is possibleeven after the building is completed. It’s usuallyfaster to run concealed conduit through wall andceiling cavities that will be covered later by finishmaterials. Installing conduit on surfaces that won’tbe covered later usually takes more time.

If only a small percentage of the conduit is to beinstalled exposed, the cost difference will be minorand probably can be ignored. But if most of the jobis exposed, add about 20 percent to the labor cost.

The conduit tables that follow assume that elec-tricians are working from ladders and lifts up to 12feet above the floor. Add to the labor cost forheights beyond 12 feet. If a large quantity of con-duit has to be installed at 18 feet above the floor,for example, add 15 percent to the labor cost.

If there are conduit runs over 20 feet above thefloor, check your labor contract for a high timeclause. Some agreements require that electriciansbe paid time and one-half for heights from 20 to 50feet and double time for heights beyond 50 feet. Ifhigh time must be paid, be sure the extra cost iscovered in your bid.

Job Size ModifiersIt’s seldom necessary to estimate lower produc-

tivity just because the job is small. If you’re figuringa very small job with only four or five conduit runs,each with only a strap or two, you might want touse a higher hourly labor rate. On any other job

that takes from two days to several years, you canuse the labor units in the tables that follow. Ofcourse, you’ll still have to modify the figures forother than “good” conditions. And if you have longruns of feeder conduit with parallel runs on a com-mon trapeze, you can reduce those labor units byas much as 40 percent.

PitfallsThe most common error when estimating con-

duit is failing to read the plans and specs. Readcarefully! Your profit depends on it. It’s easy tomiss a little note where the designer sets the mini-mum size for conduit at ¾" and 1" for all home runsto the panel. Look for a note on the plans thatrequires stub ups to ceiling cavities from powerand lighting panels. The designer may require one¾" conduit run for each three spare circuit breakersin a panel.

It’s common for rigid conduit to be installed in aconcrete floor slab. Where GRS is stubbed up outof the concrete for a wall switch, it’s easier andcheaper to use EMT for the wall extension. TheNEC permits making that extension in EMT. Butsome specs don’t! Others require that a junctionbox be used to separate the two types of conduit.Failing to catch that note can be an expensive mis-take.

You’ll find all sorts of restrictions in specs andnotes on the plans. That’s why it’s so important toread the plans and specs carefully. It’s elementary,but it’s so often overlooked.

Waste of MaterialThere will always be some waste on a job.

Rounding off the conduit and wire needed to thenext even 100 feet will usually allow enough extramaterial to cover all waste. But there are somecases where you can anticipate a waste problem.For example, suppose there will be 2 feet of wastefor every 20 feet of conduit installed because of anunusual lighting pattern. Or suppose a row of junc-tion boxes is spaced at 9 feet. Then a 10 percentwaste allowance may be called for. That’s almostcertainly true if your job is installing the lightingonly. There may be no chance to use waste mate-rials on another part of the job.

AllowancesBe sure to make allowances for the vertical por-

tion of every conduit run that stubs up or down in awall. The floor plan doesn’t show the 4 or 5 feetneeded to run from the slab to the wall switch orpanel. Even worse, if the job is a warehouse, thestub up to a switch or panel may be 15 to 20 feet.That’s a wide miss! Watch for stub up.

16

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Electrical Metallic Tubing Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

17

EMT conduit in floor slab or multiple runs on a trapeze 1/2" L1@3.25 CLF 73.80 127.00 200.80 3/4" L1@3.50 CLF 140.00 137.00 277.00 1" L1@4.00 CLF 234.00 156.00 390.00

1-1/4" L1@4.50 CLF 355.00 176.00 531.00 1-1/2" L1@5.50 CLF 438.00 215.00 653.00 2" L1@7.00 CLF 535.00 273.00 808.00

2-1/2" L1@9.00 CLF 872.00 351.00 1,223.00 3" L1@10.0 CLF 1,070.00 390.00 1,460.00 3-1/2" L1@11.0 CLF 1,560.00 429.00 1,989.00 4" L1@12.0 CLF 1,580.00 468.00 2,048.00 EMT conduit in concealed areas, walls and closed ceilings 1/2" L1@3.50 CLF 73.80 137.00 210.80 3/4" L1@3.75 CLF 140.00 146.00 286.00 1" L1@4.25 CLF 234.00 166.00 400.00

1-1/4" L1@5.00 CLF 355.00 195.00 550.00 1-1/2" L1@6.00 CLF 438.00 234.00 672.00 2" L1@8.00 CLF 535.00 312.00 847.00

2-1/2" L1@10.0 CLF 872.00 390.00 1,262.00 3" L1@12.0 CLF 1,070.00 468.00 1,538.00 3-1/2" L1@14.0 CLF 1,560.00 547.00 2,107.00 4" L1@16.0 CLF 1,580.00 625.00 2,205.00 EMT conduit installed in exposed areas 1/2" L1@3.75 CLF 73.80 146.00 219.80 3/4" L1@4.00 CLF 140.00 156.00 296.00 1" L1@4.50 CLF 234.00 176.00 410.00

1-1/4" L1@6.00 CLF 355.00 234.00 589.00 1-1/2" L1@8.00 CLF 438.00 312.00 750.00 2" L1@10.0 CLF 535.00 390.00 925.00

2-1/2" L1@12.0 CLF 872.00 468.00 1,340.00 3" L1@14.0 CLF 1,070.00 547.00 1,617.00 3-1/2" L1@16.0 CLF 1,560.00 625.00 2,185.00 4" L1@18.0 CLF 1,580.00 703.00 2,283.00

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT conduit installed in a building under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each 100 linear feet installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs include typical bending, boring out wood studs and joists (in concealed locations only), layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for connectors, couplings, straps, boxes, wire, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Conduit runs are assumed to be 50’ long. Shorter runs will take more labor and longer runs will take less labor per linear foot.

EMT Hand Benders are on page 27.

SAMPLE CLF 140.00 146.00 286.00

SAMPLE CLF 140.00 146.00 286.00 CLF 234.00 166.00 400.00

SAMPLE CLF 234.00 166.00 400.00

CLF 355.00 195.00 550.00

SAMPLE CLF 355.00 195.00 550.00 CLF 438.00 234.00 672.00

SAMPLE CLF 438.00 234.00 672.00 CLF 535.00 312.00 847.00

SAMPLE CLF 535.00 312.00 847.00

CLF 872.00 390.00 1,262.00

SAMPLE CLF 872.00 390.00 1,262.00 CLF 1,070.00 468.00 1,538.00

SAMPLE CLF 1,070.00 468.00 1,538.00 CLF 1,560.00 547.00 2,107.00

SAMPLE CLF 1,560.00 547.00 2,107.00

L1@16.0

SAMPLEL1@16.0 CLF 1,580.00 625.00 2,205.00

SAMPLE CLF 1,580.00 625.00 2,205.00

SAMPLEEMT conduit installed in exposed areas

SAMPLEEMT conduit installed in exposed areas

L1@3.75SAMPLEL1@3.75 CLF 73.80 146.00 219.80 SAMPLE

CLF 73.80 146.00 219.80 SAMPLEL1@4.00SAMPLEL1@4.00 CLF 140.00 156.00 296.00 SAMPLE

CLF 140.00 156.00 296.00 L1@4.50SAMPLEL1@4.50

L1@6.00SAMPLE

L1@6.00

EMT Fittings Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

18

EMT 45 degree elbows 1" L1@0.06 Ea 10.70 2.34 13.04 1-1/4" L1@0.08 Ea 13.40 3.12 16.52 1-1/2" L1@0.08 Ea 22.70 3.12 25.82

2" L1@0.10 Ea 28.90 3.90 32.80 2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 70.30 5.86 76.16 3" L1@0.20 Ea 105.00 7.81 112.81

3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 140.00 7.81 147.81 4" L1@0.25 Ea 166.00 9.76 175.76 EMT 90 degree elbows 1" L1@0.08 Ea 13.70 3.12 16.82 1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 17.00 3.90 20.90 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 19.70 3.90 23.60

2" L1@0.15 Ea 28.90 5.86 34.76 2-/2" L1@0.15 Ea 70.30 5.86 76.16 3" L1@0.20 Ea 105.00 7.81 112.81

3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 140.00 7.81 147.81 4" L1@0.25 Ea 166.00 9.76 175.76

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT elbows installed on EMT conduit in a building under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each elbow installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs are for factory-made elbows and include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for field bending, couplings and connectors at the end of the run, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.

Conduit weight per 100 feet (in pounds) EMT ENT PVC Rigid Intermediate Rigid Diameter steel plastic 40 steel rigid steel aluminum 1/2" 30 11 18 79 57 30 3/4" 46 14 23 105 78 40 1" 66 20 35 153 112 59 1-1/4" 96 — 48 201 114 80 1-1/2" 112 — 57 249 176 96 2" 142 — 76 334 230 129 2-1/2" 230 — 125 527 393 205 3" 270 — 164 690 483 268 3-1/2" 350 — 198 831 561 321 4" 400 — 234 982 625 382 5" — — 317 1344 — 522 6" — — 412 1770 — 678

SAMPLE Ea 28.90 5.86 34.76

SAMPLE Ea 28.90 5.86 34.76 Ea 70.30 5.86 76.16

SAMPLE Ea 70.30 5.86 76.16 Ea 105.00 7.81 112.81

SAMPLE Ea 105.00 7.81 112.81

Ea 140.00 7.81 147.81

SAMPLE Ea 140.00 7.81 147.81 Ea 166.00 9.76 175.76

SAMPLE Ea 166.00 9.76 175.76

SAMPLEUse these figures to estimate the cost of EMT elbows installed on EMT conduit in a building under the conditions described on p

SAMPLEUse these figures to estimate the cost of EMT elbows installed on EMT conduit in a building under the conditions described on p6. Costs listed are for each elbow installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These

SAMPLE6. Costs listed are for each elbow installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These factory-made elbows and include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for field bending, couplings and connectors at

SAMPLEfactory-made elbows and include layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for field bending, couplings and connectors atthe run, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs ass

SAMPLEthe run, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs ass

Conduit weight per 100 feet (in pounds)

SAMPLEConduit weight per 100 feet (in pounds)

EMT ENT PVC Rigid Intermediate SAMPLE EMT ENT PVC Rigid Intermediate SAMPLE

Diameter steel plastic 40 steel rigid steel aluminum SAMPLEDiameter steel plastic 40 steel rigid steel aluminum 1/2" 30 11 18 79 57 30 SAMPLE1/2" 30 11 18 79 57 30 SAMPLE

SAMPLE3/4" 46 14 23 105 SAMPLE3/4" 46 14 23 105

66 20 35 153 SAMPLE

66 20 35 153

EMT Connectors Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

19

Indent EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .90 1.95 2.85 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 1.66 2.34 4.00 Die cast set screw EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .55 1.95 2.50 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .90 2.34 3.24 1" L1@0.08 Ea 1.74 3.12 4.86

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 3.06 3.90 6.96 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 4.15 3.90 8.05 2" L1@0.15 Ea 5.56 5.86 11.42

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 12.60 5.86 18.46 3" L1@0.20 Ea 15.30 7.81 23.11 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 18.10 7.81 25.91 4" L1@0.25 Ea 22.90 9.76 32.66 Insulated die cast set screw EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .91 1.95 2.86 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 1.41 2.34 3.75 1" L1@0.08 Ea 2.54 3.12 5.66

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 5.08 3.90 8.98 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 6.20 3.90 10.10 2" L1@0.15 Ea 8.32 5.86 14.18

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 22.50 5.86 28.36 3" L1@0.20 Ea 26.30 7.81 34.11 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 33.40 7.81 41.21 4" L1@0.25 Ea 37.00 9.76 46.76 Steel set screw EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea 1.38 1.95 3.33 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 2.25 2.34 4.59 1" L1@0.08 Ea 3.95 3.12 7.07

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 8.24 3.90 12.14 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 12.00 3.90 15.90 2" L1@0.15 Ea 17.00 5.86 22.86

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 56.00 5.86 61.86 3" L1@0.20 Ea 65.80 7.81 73.61 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 86.40 7.81 94.21 4" L1@0.25 Ea 99.20 9.76 108.96

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each connector or expanded elbow installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs include the connector locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulated bushings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.

Indenter tools are on page 22.

SAMPLE Ea 22.90 9.76 32.66

SAMPLE Ea 22.90 9.76 32.66

SAMPLE Ea .91 1.95 2.86

SAMPLE Ea .91 1.95 2.86

SAMPLE Ea 1.41 2.34 3.75

SAMPLE Ea 1.41 2.34 3.75 Ea 2.54 3.12 5.66

SAMPLE Ea 2.54 3.12 5.66

Ea 5.08 3.90 8.98

SAMPLE Ea 5.08 3.90 8.98

L1@0.10

SAMPLEL1@0.10 Ea 6.20 3.90 10.10

SAMPLE Ea 6.20 3.90 10.10

L1@0.15

SAMPLEL1@0.15 Ea 8.32 5.86 14.18

SAMPLE Ea 8.32 5.86 14.18

L1@0.15

SAMPLEL1@0.15 Ea 22.50 5.86 28.36

SAMPLE Ea 22.50 5.86 28.36

L1@0.20

SAMPLEL1@0.20 Ea 26.30 7.81 34.11

SAMPLE Ea 26.30 7.81 34.11

L1@0.20SAMPLEL1@0.20SAMPLE

Ea 33.40 7.81 41.21 SAMPLE Ea 33.40 7.81 41.21

L1@0.25SAMPLEL1@0.25 Ea 37.00 9.76 46.76 SAMPLE

Ea 37.00 9.76 46.76 SAMPLE

Steel set screw EMT connectorsSAMPLE

Steel set screw EMT connectors

EMT Connectors Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

20

Insulated steel set screw EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea 1.86 1.95 3.81 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 2.99 2.34 5.33 1" L1@0.08 Ea 4.96 3.12 8.08

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 9.92 3.90 13.82 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 14.50 3.90 18.40 2" L1@0.15 Ea 21.10 5.86 26.96

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 94.40 5.86 100.26 3" L1@0.20 Ea 118.00 7.81 125.81 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 158.00 7.81 165.81 4" L1@0.25 Ea 172.00 9.76 181.76 Die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .90 1.95 2.85 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 1.61 2.34 3.95 1" L1@0.08 Ea 2.66 3.12 5.78

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 4.40 3.90 8.30 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 5.74 3.90 9.64 2" L1@0.15 Ea 9.12 5.86 14.98

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 19.40 5.86 25.26 3" L1@0.20 Ea 23.70 7.81 31.51 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 31.30 7.81 39.11 4" L1@0.25 Ea 36.70 9.76 46.46 Insulated die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea 1.20 1.95 3.15 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 2.12 2.34 4.46 1" L1@0.08 Ea 3.30 3.12 6.42

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 6.15 3.90 10.05 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 7.61 3.90 11.51 2" L1@0.15 Ea 11.20 5.86 17.06

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 33.10 5.86 38.96 3" L1@0.20 Ea 38.90 7.81 46.71 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 48.70 7.81 56.51 4" L1@0.25 Ea 56.70 9.76 66.46

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs include the connector locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulated bushings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.

SAMPLE Ea 1.61 2.34 3.95

SAMPLE Ea 1.61 2.34 3.95 Ea 2.66 3.12 5.78

SAMPLE Ea 2.66 3.12 5.78

Ea 4.40 3.90 8.30

SAMPLE Ea 4.40 3.90 8.30 Ea 5.74 3.90 9.64

SAMPLE Ea 5.74 3.90 9.64 Ea 9.12 5.86 14.98

SAMPLE Ea 9.12 5.86 14.98

Ea 19.40 5.86 25.26

SAMPLE Ea 19.40 5.86 25.26

L1@0.20

SAMPLEL1@0.20 Ea 23.70 7.81 31.51

SAMPLE Ea 23.70 7.81 31.51

L1@0.20

SAMPLEL1@0.20 Ea 31.30 7.81 39.11

SAMPLE Ea 31.30 7.81 39.11

L1@0.25

SAMPLEL1@0.25 Ea 36.70 9.76 46.46

SAMPLE Ea 36.70 9.76 46.46

SAMPLEInsulated die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight

SAMPLEInsulated die cast compression EMT connectors, raintight

L1@0.05SAMPLEL1@0.05SAMPLEL1@0.06SAMPLEL1@0.06

EMT Connectors Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

21

Steel compression EMT connectors, raintight 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .18 1.95 2.13 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .26 2.34 2.60 1" L1@0.08 Ea .36 3.12 3.48

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea .80 3.90 4.70 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 1.15 3.90 5.05 2" L1@0.15 Ea 1.66 5.86 7.52

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 8.00 5.86 13.86 3" L1@0.20 Ea 11.10 7.81 18.91 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 16.80 7.81 24.61 4" L1@0.25 Ea 17.10 9.76 26.86 Insulated steel compression EMT connectors, raintight 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .19 1.95 2.14 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .29 2.34 2.63 1" L1@0.08 Ea .49 3.12 3.61

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 1.02 3.90 4.92 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 1.49 3.90 5.39 2" L1@0.15 Ea 2.15 5.86 8.01

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 13.40 5.86 19.26 3" L1@0.20 Ea 17.40 7.81 25.21 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 25.40 7.81 33.21 4" L1@0.25 Ea 26.10 9.76 35.86 Die cast indent offset EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 2.86 3.90 6.76 3/4" L1@0.10 Ea 3.91 3.90 7.81 Die cast set screw offset EMT connectors 1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 3.57 3.90 7.47 3/4" L1@0.10 Ea 5.19 3.90 9.09 1" L1@0.15 Ea 7.48 5.86 13.34

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs include the connector locknut, removing the knockout, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for insulated bushings, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.

Indenter tools are on page 22.

SAMPLE Ea .29 2.34 2.63

SAMPLE Ea .29 2.34 2.63 Ea .49 3.12 3.61

SAMPLE Ea .49 3.12 3.61

Ea 1.02 3.90 4.92

SAMPLE Ea 1.02 3.90 4.92 Ea 1.49 3.90 5.39

SAMPLE Ea 1.49 3.90 5.39 Ea 2.15 5.86 8.01

SAMPLE Ea 2.15 5.86 8.01

Ea 13.40 5.86 19.26

SAMPLE Ea 13.40 5.86 19.26 Ea 17.40 7.81 25.21

SAMPLE Ea 17.40 7.81 25.21 Ea 25.40 7.81 33.21

SAMPLE Ea 25.40 7.81 33.21

L1@0.25

SAMPLEL1@0.25 Ea 26.10 9.76 35.86

SAMPLE Ea 26.10 9.76 35.86

SAMPLEDie cast indent offset EMT connectors

SAMPLEDie cast indent offset EMT connectors

L1@0.10SAMPLEL1@0.10 Ea 2.86 3.90 6.76 SAMPLE

Ea 2.86 3.90 6.76 SAMPLEL1@0.10SAMPLEL1@0.10SAMPLE

Ea 3.91 3.90 7.81 SAMPLE Ea 3.91 3.90 7.81 SAMPLE

Die cast set screw offset EMT connectorsSAMPLE

Die cast set screw offset EMT connectors

EMT Connectors and Couplings Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

22

Steel compression offset EMT connectors, raintight 1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 5.47 3.90 9.37 3/4" L1@0.10 Ea 7.92 3.90 11.82 1" L1@0.15 Ea 8.80 5.86 14.66 Indent EMT couplings 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .96 1.95 2.91 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea 1.86 2.34 4.20 Die cast set screw EMT couplings 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .61 1.95 2.56 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .95 2.34 3.29 1" L1@0.08 Ea 1.61 3.12 4.73

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 2.82 3.90 6.72 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 4.31 3.90 8.21 2" L1@0.15 Ea 5.75 5.86 11.61

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 11.00 5.86 16.86 3" L1@0.20 Ea 12.60 7.81 20.41 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 14.60 7.81 22.41 4" L1@0.25 Ea 17.80 9.76 27.56 Indenter tools With jaws for 1/2" EMT — Ea 58.00 — 58.00 With jaws for 3/4" EMT — Ea 80.80 — 80.80 Replacement points, 1/2" EMT — Ea 4.38 — 4.38 Replacement points, 3/4" EMT — Ea 4.57 — 4.57

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors and couplings installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each coupling or connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs include the connector or coupling, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Drive-on EMT fittings are rated as raintight and are also concrete tight. They are threaded with a standard electrical pipe thread and can be adapted easily to rigid conduit or other threaded fittings. Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.

SAMPLE Ea 2.82 3.90 6.72

SAMPLE Ea 2.82 3.90 6.72 Ea 4.31 3.90 8.21

SAMPLE Ea 4.31 3.90 8.21 Ea 5.75 5.86 11.61

SAMPLE Ea 5.75 5.86 11.61

Ea 11.00 5.86 16.86

SAMPLE Ea 11.00 5.86 16.86 Ea 12.60 7.81 20.41

SAMPLE Ea 12.60 7.81 20.41 Ea 14.60 7.81 22.41

SAMPLE Ea 14.60 7.81 22.41 Ea 17.80 9.76 27.56

SAMPLE Ea 17.80 9.76 27.56

SAMPLEWith jaws for 1/2" EMT — Ea 58.00

SAMPLEWith jaws for 1/2" EMT — Ea 58.00

SAMPLEWith jaws for 3/4" EMT — Ea 80.80

SAMPLEWith jaws for 3/4" EMT — Ea 80.80 Replacement points, 1/2" EMT — Ea 4.38

SAMPLEReplacement points, 1/2" EMT — Ea 4.38 Replacement points, 3/4" EMT — Ea 4.57 SAMPLEReplacement points, 3/4" EMT — Ea 4.57 SAMPLEUse these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors and couplings installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described SAMPLEUse these figures to estimate the cost of EMT connectors and couplings installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described SAMPLEand 6. Costs listed are for each coupling or connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04SAMPLEand 6. Costs listed are for each coupling or connector installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04These costs include the connector or coupling, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit, sales tax, deliverSAMPLEThese costs include the connector or coupling, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit, sales tax, delivermobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Drive-on EMT fittings are rated as raintight and are also conSAMPLEmobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Drive-on EMT fittings are rated as raintight and are also conare threaded with a standard electrical pipe thread and can be adapted easily to rigid conduit or other threaded fittings. MateSAMPLE

are threaded with a standard electrical pipe thread and can be adapted easily to rigid conduit or other threaded fittings. Mate

EMT Couplings Material Labor Installed Material Craft@Hrs Unit Cost Cost Cost

23

Set screw steel EMT couplings 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .33 1.95 2.28 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .43 2.34 2.77 1" L1@0.08 Ea .69 3.12 3.81

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 1.40 3.90 5.30 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 2.11 3.90 6.01 2" L1@0.15 Ea 2.78 5.86 8.64

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 6.05 5.86 11.91 3" L1@0.20 Ea 6.78 7.81 14.59 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 8.32 7.81 16.13 4" L1@0.25 Ea 9.04 9.76 18.80 Die cast compression EMT couplings, raintight 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .50 1.95 2.45 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .66 2.34 3.00 1" L1@0.08 Ea 1.07 3.12 4.19

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 1.98 3.90 5.88 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 3.07 3.90 6.97 2" L1@0.15 Ea 3.74 5.86 9.60

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 14.50 5.86 20.36 3" L1@0.20 Ea 15.50 7.81 23.31 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 19.00 7.81 26.81 4" L1@0.25 Ea 19.90 9.76 29.66 Steel compression EMT couplings, raintight 1/2" L1@0.05 Ea .51 1.95 2.46 3/4" L1@0.06 Ea .72 2.34 3.06 1" L1@0.08 Ea 1.11 3.12 4.23

1-1/4" L1@0.10 Ea 2.02 3.90 5.92 1-1/2" L1@0.10 Ea 2.93 3.90 6.83 2" L1@0.15 Ea 4.01 5.86 9.87

2-1/2" L1@0.15 Ea 16.60 5.86 22.46 3" L1@0.20 Ea 21.10 7.81 28.91 3-1/2" L1@0.20 Ea 30.20 7.81 38.01 4" L1@0.25 Ea 31.00 9.76 40.76

Use these figures to estimate the cost of EMT couplings installed on EMT conduit under the conditions described on pages 5 and 6. Costs listed are for each coupling installed. The crew is one electrician working at a labor cost of $39.04 per manhour. These costs include the coupling, layout, material handling, and normal waste. Add for conduit, sales tax, delivery, supervision, mobilization, demobilization, cleanup, overhead and profit. Note: Compression fittings are raintight and can be used in concrete. Material costs assume purchase of full box quantities.

SAMPLE Ea .66 2.34 3.00

SAMPLE Ea .66 2.34 3.00 Ea 1.07 3.12 4.19

SAMPLE Ea 1.07 3.12 4.19

Ea 1.98 3.90 5.88

SAMPLE Ea 1.98 3.90 5.88 Ea 3.07 3.90 6.97

SAMPLE Ea 3.07 3.90 6.97 Ea 3.74 5.86 9.60

SAMPLE Ea 3.74 5.86 9.60

Ea 14.50 5.86 20.36

SAMPLE Ea 14.50 5.86 20.36 Ea 15.50 7.81 23.31

SAMPLE Ea 15.50 7.81 23.31 Ea 19.00 7.81 26.81

SAMPLE Ea 19.00 7.81 26.81

L1@0.25

SAMPLEL1@0.25 Ea 19.90 9.76 29.66

SAMPLE Ea 19.90 9.76 29.66

SAMPLESteel compression EMT couplings, raintight

SAMPLESteel compression EMT couplings, raintight

L1@0.05SAMPLEL1@0.05 Ea .51 1.95 2.46 SAMPLE

Ea .51 1.95 2.46 SAMPLEL1@0.06SAMPLEL1@0.06 Ea .72 2.34 3.06 SAMPLE

Ea .72 2.34 3.06 L1@0.08SAMPLEL1@0.08

L1@0.10SAMPLE

L1@0.10

542

10,000 AIC bolt-on breakers . .30710,000 AIC DC breakers . . . . .31410,000 amp interrupt capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306120 volt fixtures . . . . . . . .184, 188120 volt smoke detectors . . . . .371120/277 volt switches . . . . . . . .21914,000 AIC breakers . . . . . . . .3122” range expansion PVC couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39208 volt fixtures . . . . . . . .184, 18822,000 AIC DC breakers . . . . .314240 volt fixtures . . . . . . . .184, 188240 volt safety switches . .275-277277 volt fixtures . . . . . . . .184, 188277 volt switches . . . . . . . .224-2283-0 boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1203-position switches, maintain contact . . . . . . . . . . .2193-wire receptacles . . . . . . . . . .24530 degree PVC sweeping elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43-4430 degree Schedule 40 PVC elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3730,000 AIC breakers . . . . .314-3154 square surface covers . . . . . .1314 square switch rings . . . . . . . .1294-0 boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1204-S boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1204-way power intrafacer . . . . . . .5414-wire locking single receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25445 degree elbows

GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49IMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52PVC sweeping . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Schedule 40 PVC . . . . . . . . . .38Type EB or DB . . . . . . . . . . . .45

45 degree flex connectorsdie cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31insulated throat . . . . . . . . .35-36liquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

480 volt fixtures . . . . . . . .188, 1925 degree bend couplings, P&C .465-way power intrafacer . . . . . . .5415-wire locking single receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2546 range expansion PVC couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4060 Hz incandescent dimmers . .221600 volt safety switches . .278-28190 degree elbows

aluminum rigid . . . . . . . . . . . . .58die cast, EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . .27GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49IMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53PVC coated steel . . . . . . . . . .78PVC sweeping . . . . . . . . . .44-45Schedule 40 PVC . . . . . . . . . .38Schedule 80 PVC . . . . . . . . . .38Type EB or DB . . . . . . . . . . . .46

90 degree malleable flex connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

A

Abandon plugs, duct . . . . . . . .336underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .342

AC (armored cable) . . . . . .88, 103AC bolt-on breakers . . . . .312-313AC breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306AC grounded switches . . .223-224AC horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

AC magneticcontactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382starters, three pole . . . . .400-403starters, two pole . . . . . .398-399

AC plug-on breakers . . . . .310-313AC quiet switches . . . . . . .223-226AC type cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 11, 16Access boxes, precast concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Access, service entrance equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274

Accessories, floor box . . . . . . .156Accuracy, estimating . . . . . . . . . .7Acrylic lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176ACSR (aluminum conductorsteel reinforced) . . . . . . . . . . .108neutral . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-112wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108-110

Adapters, duct . . . . . . . . . . . . .336PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Adapters, cablecoaxial cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .537subminiature D to modular jack . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Additional costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Adelphi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Adjustable bar hangers . . . . . .129Adjustable cast iron floor boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Adjustable flood light . . . . . . . .164Adjustable floor boxes and covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Adjusting costs . . . .6, 92, 222, 337AF type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89AFCI duplex receptacles . . . . .247AIC (amp interrupt capacity) . .307Air alternator, hookup . . . . . . . .379Air compressor, hookup . . . . . .379Air handlers, hookup . . . . . . . .379Air-handling fixtures . . . . .178-179Allowance for

experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 16

Allowancesvertical runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16wire pulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Almond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Almond-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Alternator, air, hookup . . . . . . .379Aluminum

abandon plugs, underfloor raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

blank body covers . . . . . . . . . .64bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . .346-349bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-62cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107, 113circuit breaker enclosures . . .316conductor, bare . . . . . . . . . . .114conductor, grounding . . . . . .441conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15conduit assemblies . . . .451-454conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .65elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58feeder wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14flex conduit assemblies .451-454flex conduit bodies . . . . . . . . .65frame fluorescent fixtures . . .177housing exit fixtures . . . . . . .172insulated ground bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . .62, 442

ladder cable tray . . . . . . . . . .363ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363

light poles . . . . . . . . . . . .196-198locknuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61neutral . . . . . . . . . .109, 111-112nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-61one hole straps . . . . . . . . . . . .76reducing bushings . . . . . . .69-70rigid conduit (ARC) . . . . . . . . .58service drop wire . . . . . .110-112terminations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62tray fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72wire . . . . . . . . . . . . .90, 105-112

Aluminum/copper conversion . . .92Aluminum rigid conduit (ARC) . .58

bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61locknuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-61termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

American Wire Gauge system . .88Ammeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Ampacity . . . . . . . . . . .89, 90, 218Anchors, expansion . . . . . . . . . .86Anti-oxidation material . . . . . . . .91Anti-short bushing . . . . . . . . . .103Apartment entry control . . . . . .372Appaloosa . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Appeal, inspector’s decision . . . . .7Apple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Apple-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Appliance wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Apricot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Apricot-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Aquastats, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379ARC (aluminum rigid conduit) . .58ARC fault circuit interrupter . . .247Architectural rectangular housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189Architectural square floods . . . .189Armored cable . . . . . . . . . .88, 103Arms, pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197Asbestos insulation . . . . . . . . . .89Assemblies

aluminum flex conduit . .451-454EMT conduit . . . . . . . . . .447-450galvanized rigid conduit .463-466handy box switches . . . .467-470PVC conduit . . . . . . . . . .459-462receptacle and handy boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508-509receptacle and sectional boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510-513receptacles, duplex . . . .515, 517receptacles, single . . . .514, 516sectional box switches . .471-486steel flex conduit . . . . . .455-458switches, 1 and 2 gang . .487-507Troffer fluorescent . . . . . . . . .518

Assumptions, conduit tables . . .16Asymmetric lens . . . . . . . . . . . .188AWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88AWM type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

B

Backcharges for cleanup . . . . . . .8Backfill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Backhoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Backup power . . . . . . . . . . . . .378Ball aligners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157Ballasts

exterior weatherproof potted .194fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . .213-216high intensity discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206-207, 209

indoor enclosed . . . . . . . . . . .194metal halide . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159weatherproof potted . . . . . . .194

Baluns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533-534Bar hangers . . . . . . . . . . .120, 129Bare aluminum conductor . . . .114Bare copper ring . . . . . . . . . . . .439Bare copper wire . . . .88, 102, 442Base, steel raceway . . . . . . . . .426Base type duct spacers . . . . . . .47Base wage, electrician . . . . . . . . .5Basis, material costs . . . . . . . . . .5Bat wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158Bathroom fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .164Batteries

engine-generators . . . . . . . . .378exit fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Battery powered smoke detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Beacons . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 369Beam clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

EMT conduit hanger . . . . . . . .26PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .79-80

Beech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Beech-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Bells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 367Bending

conduit, number permitted . . .10GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12P&C duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423

Bergen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Bid shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Bidding government work . . . . . . .9Blade-type fuses . . . . . . . .285-299Blank duct . . . . . . . . . . . . .336-337Blank plates . . . . . . . . . . .261-263

jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Bliss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Bloomfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113BNC plug and jack . . . . . . . . . .533BNC plug connectors . . . .535-536Boiler control panels, hookup . .379Boilers, hookup . . . . . . . . . . . .379Bollards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190Bolt hangers, tomic . . . . . . . . .132Bolt-on circuit breakers . .272, 307Bolt-on fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293Bonding

connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441definitions . . . . . . . . . . . .439-440problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441

Bonding conductor . . . . . . . . . . .11Bonding jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . .68Boring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421

data logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Box assemblies .467-486, 508-513Box covers

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154galvanized cast . . . . . . . . . . . .67octagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126round . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133-136square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Box grounding clips . . . . . . . . .442Box plugs, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Box, steel channel system . . . .432Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

cast aluminum . . . . . . . .143-145fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . .133-139floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153-155

Index

SAMPLEliquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36 SAMPLEliquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36

and covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

SAMPLEand covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Adjusting costs . . . .6, 92, 222, 337

SAMPLEAdjusting costs . . . .6, 92, 222, 337AF type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

SAMPLEAF type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89AFCI duplex receptacles . . . . .247

SAMPLEAFCI duplex receptacles . . . . .247AIC (amp interrupt capacity) . .307

SAMPLEAIC (amp interrupt capacity) . .307Air alternator, hookup . . . . . . . .379

SAMPLEAir alternator, hookup . . . . . . . .379Air compressor, hookup . . . . . .379

SAMPLEAir compressor, hookup . . . . . .379Air handlers, hookup . . . . . . . .379

SAMPLEAir handlers, hookup . . . . . . . .379Air-handling fixtures . . . . .178-179SAMPLEAir-handling fixtures . . . . .178-179Allowance forSAMPLEAllowance for

experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6SAMPLEexperience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 16SAMPLEwaste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 16

AllowancesSAMPLEAllowances

vertical runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16SAMPLE

vertical runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Anti-short bushing . . . . . . . . . .103

SAMPLEAnti-short bushing . . . . . . . . . .103Apartment entry control . . . . . .372

SAMPLEApartment entry control . . . . . .372Appaloosa . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112

SAMPLEAppaloosa . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Appeal, inspector’s decision . . . . .7

SAMPLEAppeal, inspector’s decision . . . . .7Apple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

SAMPLEApple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Apple-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

SAMPLEApple-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Appliance wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

SAMPLEAppliance wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96Apricot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

SAMPLEApricot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Apricot-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

SAMPLEApricot-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Aquastats, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379

SAMPLEAquastats, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379ARC (aluminum rigid conduit) . .58

SAMPLEARC (aluminum rigid conduit) . .58ARC fault circuit interrupter . . .247

SAMPLEARC fault circuit interrupter . . .247Architectural rectangular

SAMPLEArchitectural rectangular housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189

SAMPLEhousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189Architectural square floods . . . .189

SAMPLEArchitectural square floods . . . .189Armored cable . . . . . . . . . .88, 103

SAMPLEArmored cable . . . . . . . . . .88, 103Arms, pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197

SAMPLEArms, pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197

Bells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 367

SAMPLEBells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 367Bending

SAMPLEBendingconduit, number permitted . . .10

SAMPLEconduit, number permitted . . .10GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

SAMPLEGRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

543

galvanized cast . . . . . . . . . . . .66ganged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132handy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123hinge cover pull . . . . . . .147-148JIC wiring . . . . . . . . . . . .150-151junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132NEMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146-151octagon . . . . . . . . . . . . .125-126old work switch . . . . . . . . . . .142outlet . . . . . . . . . . .119, 133-139plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-142plug-in tap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146-152raintight . . . . . . . . . . . . .148-150round . . .133-135, 140, 143, 153square . . . . . .127, 136, 140-141steel, overfloor raceway . . . .427switch . . . . . . .123-124, 141-142weatherproof . . . . . . . . .144-145

Boxes and rings, ganged . . . . .132Brass

abandon plugs . . . . . . . . . . . .342carpet flanges . . . . . . . . . . . .156plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

Breakers, circuit . . . .272, 306-307meter centers . . . . . . . . .318-321rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Brenau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Bridge cranes, hookup . . . . . . .379Buckeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Buckeye-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Budget hoists, hookup . . . . . . .379Building frame as ground . . . . .439Building management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365Building wire, copper . . . . . . .92-96Built-in grounding . . . . . . . . . . .218Burrs, removing . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Bus bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343-357

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .346-349circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . .356copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350-351elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354feeder . . . . . . .346-347, 350-351fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354plug-in . . . . . . . . . .352-353, 356reducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356

Bushed nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Bushings

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-62insulated ground . . . . . . .54, 442plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Busway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343Butternut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Butternut-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Buzzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 367

C

Cabinet connectorsduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .341

Cabinets, signal . . . . . . . . . . . .327Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88-118

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .107, 113armored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103communications . . . . . . .521-527copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100-104high voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Local Area Network (LAN) . .527non-metallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159service entrance . . . . . . . . . .101single conductor . . . . . . . . . .104

solid direct burial . . . . . .100-101splicer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88stranded direct burial . . . . . . .100stranded service entrance . . .100telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525underground distribution . . . .113URD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Cable adapter assemblies . . . .434Cable connector savers . . . . . .532Cable connectors . . . . . . .529-532

centerline clamp . . . . . . . . . .532data cable connectors . . . . . .532field programmable . . . . . . . .532gender changer . . . . . . . . . . .532subminiature D plug kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529-531

subminiature D receptacles . . . . . . . .529-531

subminiature D straight exit backshells . . . . . . . . . . .531

Cable contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . .528Cable cover, strain relief . . . . .533Cable distribution systems . . . .519Cable fittings,communications . . . . . . . .528-537

Cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . .358-364aluminum ladder . . . . . . . . . .363layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359louver opening . . . . . . . . . . . .361system for communications . .519

Calculating material quantities . .13Callbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Canopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157

light fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163Capped elbows

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Capsentrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Carpet flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . .156Carpet pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Cartridge fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

fast acting . . . . . . . . . . . .304-305links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288-290non-renewable . . . . . . . .285-286non-time delay 291, 293-294, 297renewable . . . . . . . . . . .287, 289time delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292, 295-296, 298-303

Cast aluminum boxes . . . .143-145covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143-144gang extension rings . . .144-145gang weatherproof boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144-145

round weatherproof boxes . .143Cast boxes, galvanized . . . . . . .66

covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Cast iron floor boxes . . . . .153-155

rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . .154-155Cast metal

conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .63entrance elbows . . . . . . . . . . .63

CD-ROM, installing . . . . . . . . . . .5Ceiling fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Ceiling fixtures

supporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158wraparound . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Ceiling mounted fixturesincandescent light . . . . .161-163light with canopy . . . . . .162-163utility fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Ceiling spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . .157Cellular flooring . . . . . . . . . . . .520Cement asbestos duct . . . . . . . .15Cement, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Cenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Centerline clamp cable connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

Centrifugal switch . . . . . . . . . . .377

Cerapus . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Chain pull receptacles . . . . . . .161Chain trenchers . . . . . . . . . . . .420Chairs (duct supports) . . . . . . .336Channel flat wire . . . . . . . . . . .432Channel strut, steel . . . . . . . . . .87Channel tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358Channel wire systems . . . . . . .424Checklist, service entranceequipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273Cherry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Cherry-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Chiller control panels, hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379Chiller, water, hookup . . . . . . .379Chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 369Chola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Choosing a specialty . . . . . . . . . .8Chow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Circular fluorescent lamps . . . .212Circuit breaker

disconnect, starters with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413-417enclosures . . . . . . . . . . .315-316loadcenters . . . . . . . . . .322-323panelboards . . . . . . . . . .325-326plug-in switches, bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356-357

Circuit breakers . . . . .272, 306-307meter centers . . . . . . . . .318-321rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Circuit control switches . .218, 271Circuit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Clam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Clamps

conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .79-80water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Class R fuses, starters with . . . . . . . . . . .409-410Clay conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Clear lens luminaires . . . . . . . .190Clear polycarbonate carpetflanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156Clio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Clips

earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

Clock hangerreceptacles . . . . . . . . . . .218, 237Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366

commercial grade . . . . . . . . .370Closed asymmetric lens . . . . . .188Coated conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Coaxial cable adapters . . . . . . .537Coaxial communications cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526-527Coaxial plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Cockle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Code, compliance with . . . . . . . . .7Codes, wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Collie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Color coded cable for undercarpet . . . . . . . . . . . .540Colors

lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .159wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

CombinationAC magnetic starters . . .404-418clips, EMT to strut . . . . . . . . . .26couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36plates . . . . . . . . . . .261, 263-268plates, jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . .267socket & main breaker . . . . .317starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404-417starters, bus duct . . . . . . . . . .357

Commercial gradeclocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

grounded switches . . . .224, 226incandescent dimmers . . . . .229switches . . . . .224-227, 230-233

Commercial lighting . . . . . . . . .157Commercial specification gradeswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233Communications cable . . .521-527

coaxial . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526-527LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527multi-conductor . . . . . . .523-525plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521, 525stranded . . . . . . . . . . . . .521-525telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525transceiver/drop . . . . . . . . . .527twinaxial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526

Communicationsequipment . . . . . . . . . . . .519-537Communications duct . . . . . . . .339Compact fluorescent lamps . . .201Compliance with code . . . . . . . . .7Compression EMT connectors . .20Compressor, hookup . . . . . . . .379Concealed conduit . . . . . . . . . . .16Conch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Concordia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Concrete

access boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .373octagon box covers . . . . . . . .126products, precast . . . . . . . . . .375removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Conditions, working . . . . . . . . . . .6Conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

high voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Conduit

aluminum rigid (ARC) . . . . . . .58bender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10bends, number permitted . . . .10body covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64clamps, rigid steel . . . . . . . . . .77EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17EMT assemblies . . . . . .447-450ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48flex aluminum . . . . . . . . .451-454flex steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .455-458flexible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28galvanized rigid (GRS) . . . . . .49galvanized rigidassemblies . . . . . . . . . .463-466gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443liquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34MC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37PVC assemblies . . . . . . .459-462PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78take-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13weight per 100’ . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Conduit assembliesaluminum flex . . . . . . . . .451-454EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447-450ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463-466PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459-462steel flex . . . . . . . . . . . . .455-458

Conduit bodiesaluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65cast metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Conduit connectors flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29-31squeeze flexible . . . . . . . . . . .30

Conduit cutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Conduit, EMT,assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . .447-450Conduit flex assemblies . .455-458Conduit hangers, EMT . . . . . . . .26

SAMPLEfeeder . . . . . . .346-347, 350-351

SAMPLEfeeder . . . . . . .346-347, 350-351fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354 SAMPLEfittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354plug-in . . . . . . . . . .352-353, 356 SAMPLEplug-in . . . . . . . . . .352-353, 356reducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343 SAMPLEreducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356 SAMPLEswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356

galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

SAMPLEgalvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

SAMPLEentrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

SAMPLEPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Carpet flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

SAMPLECarpet flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . .156Carpet pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

SAMPLECarpet pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Cartridge fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

SAMPLECartridge fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

fast acting . . . . . . . . . . . .304-305

SAMPLEfast acting . . . . . . . . . . . .304-305links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288-290

SAMPLElinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288-290non-renewable . . . . . . . .285-286

SAMPLEnon-renewable . . . . . . . .285-286non-time delay 291, 293-294, 297SAMPLEnon-time delay 291, 293-294, 297renewable . . . . . . . . . . .287, 289SAMPLErenewable . . . . . . . . . . .287, 289time delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SAMPLEtime delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292, 295-296, 298-303SAMPLE . . . . . . . .292, 295-296, 298-303

Cast aluminum boxes . . . .143-145SAMPLECast aluminum boxes . . . .143-145

covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143-144SAMPLEcovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143-144

meter centers . . . . . . . . .318-321

SAMPLEmeter centers . . . . . . . . .318-321rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

SAMPLErating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Circuit control switches . .218, 271

SAMPLECircuit control switches . .218, 271Circuit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

SAMPLECircuit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Clam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111

SAMPLEClam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Clamps

SAMPLEClampsconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

SAMPLEconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .79-80

SAMPLEPVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .79-80water pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

SAMPLEwater pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438Class R fuses,

SAMPLEClass R fuses, starters with . . . . . . . . . . .409-410

SAMPLEstarters with . . . . . . . . . . .409-410Clay conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

SAMPLEClay conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

SAMPLECleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Clear lens luminaires . . . . . . . .190

SAMPLEClear lens luminaires . . . . . . . .190Clear polycarbonate carpet

SAMPLEClear polycarbonate carpet

544

Conduit, PVC,assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . .459-462Conduit, rigid, assemblies . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463-466Conduit spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Conduit system,communications . . . . . . . . . . .519Conduit tables, using . . . . . . . . .15Condulets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12, 121Connector lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . .73, 115

communications cable . . . . . .532conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19-21EMT conduit, set screw . . . . .447ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29flexible metal conduit . . . . . . . .11insulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115RG/U cable . . . . . . . . . .535-536screw-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115self-stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . .115split bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116steel set screw . . . . . . . . . . . .74telephone cable . . . . . . . . . . .534twinaxial cable . . . . . . . . . . . .537two bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117two-way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115-117with spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Conservation of energy . . . . . .157Consistency on take-offs . . . . . .15Construction gradeflex conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Contactors, magnetic . . . .389-397Contacts, communications cable . . . . . . .528Continental lampholder . . .168-169Control devices . . . . . . . . . . . .383Control panel, mechanical . . . .380Control stations . . . . . . . . .418-419Convenience outlets . . . . . . . . .218Converse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Conversion table,copper/aluminum . . . . . . . . . . .537Convex glass lens . . . . . . . . . .192Conveyor control panels,hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379Conveyors, hookup . . . . . . . . .379Cooling towers, hookup . . . . . .379Copper

building wire . . . . .89, 93-96, 442bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . .350-351conductor lugs . . . . . . . . . . . .118connections, exothermic . . . .445flexible cords . . . . . . . . . . .96-99ring as ground . . . . . . . . . . . .439service entrance cable . . . . .100wire connector lugs . . . . . . . .118

Copper-clad ground rods . . . . .444Cords, flexible . . . . . . . . .89, 96-99Corridor dome lights . . . . . . . . .370Corridor fixtures, wraparound . .176Corrosive locations,conduit for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Cost multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Cost tables, adjusting . . . . . . . . .92Costena . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Costs, additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

calculating quantity . . . . . . . . .13duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48flex to EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32flex to rigid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32flexible conduit . . . . . . . . . . . .32GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51malleable threadless . . . . .73-74malleable three piece . . . . . . .72

P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45, 46pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81PVC coated steel . . . . . . . . . .78Type EB or DB . . . . . . . . . . . .45underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .341

Cover markings, handholes . . .373Cover mounted keylessfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Cover types, handy box . . . . . .119Covers

cast aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .143conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .64floor boxes . . . . . . . . . . .154-155galvanized cast boxes . . . . . . .67GFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121handy box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123octagon box . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126outlet box . . . . . . . . . . . .120, 128precast concrete boxes . . . . .373round . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136, 144square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136steel raceway . . . . . . . . . . . .426surface, raised . . . . . . . .130-131

Crew size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Crimp snap, hardware for . . . . . . . . . . .528-529

Criollo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Cross, bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . .354Crown plugs, brass . . . . . . . . .156Current limiting fuses . . . .291-305Cutter, conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Cutting

concrete or masonry . . . . . . . .16GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Cylinder lampholder . . . . . . . . .170

D

Damp locations, fluorescentfixtures for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Data cable connectors . . . . . . .532Data connectors . . . . . . . . . . . .534DB P&C duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12DC breakers . . . . . . . . . . .309-310DC horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368Deburring, raceway . . . . . . . . .423Decorative ceiling fans . . . . . . .217Decorator plates . . . . . . . .263-264

jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Decorator switches . . . . . .229-233Decorator track fixture . . . . . . .170Deep switch plates . . . . . . . . . .267Deep-cut trim plates . . . . . . . . .221Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Delivery costs, material . . . . . . . .5Demobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Device plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221Devices, EXO . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Die cast

bushed nipples . . . . . . . . . . . .71compression EMT couplings . .23duplex flex connectors . . . . . .29EMT connectors . . . . . . . . .19-22flex connectors . . . . . . . . . . . .31gasketed pulling elbows,EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

insulated bushed nipples . . . . .71insulated connectors . .29, 30, 35liquid-tight flex connectors . . . .35offset nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73screw-in flex connectors . . . . .29screw-in flex couplings . . . . . .32set screw EMT couplings . . . .22

set screw flex couplings . . . . .32squeeze flex connectors . .29, 30

Diffusers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159polycarbonate for utility light .164

Dimmerfluorescent fixtures . . . . . . . .159incandescent fixtures . . . . . .229

Dimming switches . . . . . . . . . .229Disconnect switches . . . . . . . . .271Distribution section . . . . . . . . . .269Distribution systems,overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433Doberman . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Dolly, reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Dome lights, corridor . . . . . . . .370Door openers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Door switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Door trip, intrusion detector . . .371Double conductor lugs . . . . . . .118Double face exit fixtures . . . . . .173Double throw safety switches . .282Drilling, light standardfoundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Drive-on EMT couplings . . . . . . .22Drop cord power . . . . . . . . . . . .343Dropouts

ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .362

Drum fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Dry type transformers . . . .332-334Dual element plug fuses . .283-284Duct

blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336, 337bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346-353coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336end bells, P&C . . . . . . . . . . . .47feeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336heaters, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335materials, underfloor . . . . . . .335P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45plugs, P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46plugs, underfloor raceway . . .341sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337staking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338supports . . . . . . . . . . . .336, 340

Duplex decorator receptacles .245Duplex receptacles . . . . . .239-243

commercial . . . . . . . . . . .239-241assemblies . . . . . . . . . .515, 517grounded . . . . . . . . . . . .240-243hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240-243receptacle plates . . . . . .261- 262residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239specification . . . . . .239, 241-243underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .342

Duplex service drop . . . . . . . . .109Duplex switches . . . . . . . .233-234

single pole . . . . . . . . . . .233-234switch with groundingreceptacle . . . . . . . . . . .239-246three-way switches . . . .233-234

E

Earthquake clips . . . . . . . . . . . .159Earthquake considerations . . . .157Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420EB P&C duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Edge-type beam clamps . . . . . .80Elbows

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6345 degree IMC . . . . . . . . . . . .52galvanized capped . . . . . . . . .65

galvanized rigid (GRS) . . . . . .49intermediate metal (IMC) . . . . .52ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .36190 degree PVC coated . . . . . .78PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37, 43-45

Electrical metallic tubing . . . .10, 17Electrician base wage . . . . . . . . .5Electrician defined . . . . . . . . . . . .6Electrode, driven . . . . . . . . . . .438Elevators, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379Eleven circuit overheaddistribution systems . . . . . . . . .434Employer’s labor burden . . . . . . .5EMT

clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-27conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17conduit assemblies . . . .447-450conduit fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .18conduit hangers . . . . . . . . . . . .26couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 27fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 18gasketed pulling elbows . . . . .27hand benders . . . . . . . . . . . . .27hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26installation guidelines . . . . . . .11malleable entrance caps . . . . .27nail straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2490 degree die cast elbows . . .27pulling elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . .27split adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27steel tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24supporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11thin wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10to couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24to strut combination clips . . . . .26

Enamel spray paint . . . . . . . . .429Enclosed fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .183Enclosed-gasketed fixtures . . .176Enclosed indoor ballasts . . . . .194Enclosures, circuitbreaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315-316End bells

installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

End capsladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .361

End closures, bus duct . . . . . . .355End-of-row cap . . . . . . . . . . . . .158Energy conservation . . . . . . . .157Energy consumptionmonitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365Energy saving lamps

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208, 211-212ENT conduit and fittings . . . . . . .48Entrance

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77elbows, cast metal . . . . . . . . . .63hubs, duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

Entry control systems . . . .366, 372Entry release switch . . . . . . . . .372EPR cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Equipment groundingconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440Equipment hookup . .377, 379-381Escutcheon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157Estimating

access boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .374accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .159pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16service equipment . . . . . . . . .273

Estimating ElectricalConstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

SAMPLEConvex glass lens . . . . . . . . . .192 SAMPLEConvex glass lens . . . . . . . . . .192

Cylinder lampholder . . . . . . . . .170

SAMPLECylinder lampholder . . . . . . . . .170

SAMPLEDamp locations, fluorescent

SAMPLEDamp locations, fluorescentfixtures for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

SAMPLEfixtures for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Data cable connectors . . . . . . .532

SAMPLEData cable connectors . . . . . . .532Data connectors . . . . . . . . . . . .534

SAMPLEData connectors . . . . . . . . . . . .534DB P&C duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12SAMPLEDB P&C duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12DC breakers . . . . . . . . . . .309-310SAMPLEDC breakers . . . . . . . . . . .309-310DC horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368SAMPLEDC horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368Deburring, raceway . . . . . . . . .423SAMPLEDeburring, raceway . . . . . . . . .423Decorative ceiling fans . . . . . . .217SAMPLEDecorative ceiling fans . . . . . . .217Decorator plates . . . . . . . .263-264SAMPLE

Decorator plates . . . . . . . .263-264

Drum fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

SAMPLEDrum fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Dry type transformers . . . .332-334

SAMPLEDry type transformers . . . .332-334Dual element plug fuses . .283-284

SAMPLEDual element plug fuses . .283-284

blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336, 337

SAMPLEblank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336, 337bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346-353

SAMPLEbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346-353coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336

SAMPLEcoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336

SAMPLEelbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336end bells, P&C . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SAMPLEend bells, P&C . . . . . . . . . . . .47feeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336

SAMPLEfeeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336heaters, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379

SAMPLEheaters, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

SAMPLElines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335materials, underfloor . . . . . . .335

SAMPLEmaterials, underfloor . . . . . . .335P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

SAMPLEP&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45plugs, P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

SAMPLEplugs, P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46plugs, underfloor raceway . . .341

SAMPLEplugs, underfloor raceway . . .341

straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

SAMPLEstraps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24supporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

SAMPLEsupporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11thin wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

SAMPLEthin wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

545

Estimating software, installing . . .5Evaporative coolers, hookup . .379Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 420

access box . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

Exhaust fans, hookup . . . . . . . .379Exit fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . .171-173EXO devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Exothermic copperconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445Exothermic weld . . . . . . . . . . . .441Expandable bar hangers . . . . .126Expanded metal tray . . . . . . . .519Expansion

anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-40fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68joint, bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . .355

Experience, allowance for . . . . . .6Explosion proof horn sirens . . .368Exposed conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Exterior fixtures

entrance fixture . . . . . . . . . . .165floodlights . . . . . . . . . . .185, 187walkway luminaires . . . . . . . .191

Exterior weatherproofpotted ballast . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194Externally operated devices(EXO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

F

F type connectors forRG/U cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Fan coil units, hookup . . . . . . .379Fans, ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217Fast acting fuses . . . . . . . .304-305Fast installation, fixtures for . . .184Feeder breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Feeder bus duct .346-347, 350-351Feeder circuits, aluminum wire ..91Feeder duct, blank . . . . . . . . . .336Female adapters (FA) . . . . . . . .46Female conduit unions,PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Fender washers . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Ferrule type fuses . . . . . . .285-303Fiber duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Fiberglass

box covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136outlet boxes . . . . . .121, 133-139switch boxes . . . . . . . . .143-145

Field programmable cableconnectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532Fig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Fig-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Filbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Filbert-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Finish color, lighting fixtures . . .159Fire alarm breaker . . . . . . . . . .272Fire resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Fire stop fitting, bus duct . . . . .345Fish tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423Fishing vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Fittings

aluminum tray . . . . . . . . . . . .364ARC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361communications cable . .528-537EMT conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18ENT conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68hanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86louvered tray . . . . . . . . . . . . .361P&C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-47PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342steel channel system . . . . . . .432steel overfloor raceway . . . . .429steel raceway . . . . . . . .431, 435steel surface raceway . .426-428two piece racewayassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430

underfloor duct . . . . . . . . . . .336underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .341wireway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

Five pole contactors . . . . .396-397Fixed-temperature detectors . .366Fixture tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Fixture whips . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434Fixture wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Fixtures

estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171-173floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . .185-189fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . .174-180HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-194incandescent . . . . . . . . .161-165lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157-218track light . . . . . . . . . . . .168-171

FLA (full load amperage)rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378

Flanged end, bus duct . . . . . . .354Flanges, carpet . . . . . . . . . . . .156Flashing beacons . . . . . . . . . . .369Flat elbows, bus duct . . . . . . . .354Flat glass lens, HID fixtures . . . . . . .188, 191, 192

Flex conduit assembliesaluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .451-454steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455-458

Flexible conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . .28cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11liquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34

Flexible conduit connectors .29-32liquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34-35

Flexible conduit couplings . . . . .32Flexible cords . . . . . .89, 91, 96-99

restrictions on use . . . . . . . . . .90Flexible metallic tubing . . . . . . . .15Floodlights

adjustable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187heavy duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185without poles . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

Floor boxaccessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Floor boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .153-155cast iron . . . . . . . . . . . . .154-155outlet boxes, round . . . . . . . .153semi-adjustable . . . . . . .153-155

Floor mat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Flow switches, hookup . . . . . . .379Fluorescent dimmingswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

Fluorescent fixtures . . . . . . . . .174aluminum frame . . . . . . . . . .177assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213-216damp or wet locations . . . . . .176ganging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

Fluorescent lamps . . .201, 210-212Flush mounted

push buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . .370screw cover boxes . . . . .146-147starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384-385

Flush plugs, brass . . . . . . . . . .156Flush starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386Foundations, light standards . .421Four circuit overheaddistribution systems . . . . .433-434

Four lamp fluorescentfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Four pole AC magnetic contactors . . . . . . . . . . .394-395

Framed Troffer lay-in T-barfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Frequency generator . . . . . . . .366Fringe benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Full load amperage (FLA) . . . .378Furnaces, hookup . . . . . . . . . .379Furring channels . . . . . . . . . . .158Fuse amperage, fusibleswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Fuses, cartridge

current limiting . . . . . . . .296-305fast acting . . . . . . . . . . . .304-305links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288-290non-renewable . . . . . . . .285-286non-time delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291, 293-294, 297renewable . . . . . . . . . . .287, 289time delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292, 295-296, 298-303

Fuses, plug . . . . . . . . . . . .283-284Fusible disconnect,starters with . . . . . . . . . . .406-418Fusible plug-in switches,bus duct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356Fusible switches . . . . . . . . . . . .271

G

Galvanizedbox covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361capped elbows . . . . . . . . . . . .65cast boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66conduit assemblies . . . .463-466conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .63expansion fittings . . . . . . . . . .68messenger strand . . . . . . . . .114trim plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Galvanized rigid steel (GRS) . . .12conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49conduit assemblies . . . .463-466couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-51hand benders . . . . . . . . . . . . .52locknuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-57terminations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Galvanized steelmessenger strand . . . . . . . . . .114Ganged boxes and rings . . . . .132Ganging fluorescent fixtures . .158Gasketed pulling elbows, EMT . .27Gaskets, conduit body . . . . . . . .65Gauge, wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Gender changer, cableconnector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532General duty safety switches . .275General purpose controlstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418-419Generators, standby . . . . . . . . .365GFCI duplex receptacles . . . . .246Government work, bidding . . . . . .9Ground

bushing . . . . . . . . . .62, 441, 442clamp hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438megger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438, 444rod clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444rod couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . .444rod stud bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . .444testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440-441

Ground fault circuitinterrupter (GFI)covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440duplex receptacles . . . . . . . .246

Groundedconductor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439duplex receptacles . . . . .240-243

spec grade receptacles . . . . .240side-wired receptacles . . . . .237switches . . . . . . . . . . . . .223-236switches, key operated . . . . .235

Groundingbuilt-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441definitions . . . . . . . . . . . .439-440electrode conductors . . . . . . .439jumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442locknuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441receptacles . . . . . . . . . . .237-248requirements . . . . . . . . .438-441

Grullo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Guard

heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167lighting fixture . . . . . . . . . . . .159

H

Hackney . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Hand benders

EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Handholes . . . . . . . . . . . .373, 375Handy boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119receptacle assemblies . .508-509switch assemblies . . . . .467-470

Hanger spacing, cable tray . . .358Hangers

bar, adjustable . . . . . . . . . . . .129bolt, tomic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .362

Hard service cord . . . . . . . . . . . .88Harness, wire, overheaddistribution systems . . . . . . . . .433Hazardous conditions . . . .119, 121HDE contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528Heat guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Heat-recovery fixtures . . . .178-179Heavy duty

control stations . . . . . . . .418-419EMT straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185receptacles, spec grade . . . .246safety switches . . . . . . . .276-281spec grade switches . . . . . . .230

Hickory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Hickory-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109High amperage current,distributing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343High bay lighting . . . . . . . . . . . .425High bay open reflectorfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182High intensity discharge (HID)fixturesarea lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188floodlights . . . .185-187, 189, 191luminaires . . . . . . . .184, 190-192recessed . . . . . . . . . . . .181-183street lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . .194walkway fixtures . . . . . . . . . .190wall fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

High intensity discharge(HID) lamps . . . . . . . . . . .204-207ballasts . . . . . . . . . .205-207, 209core and coil . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

High output (HO) lamps . . . . . .211High-potential test . . . . . . . . . . .90High pressure sodium

ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

SAMPLEPVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

SAMPLEPVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Fender washers . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 SAMPLEFender washers . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Ferrule type fuses . . . . . . .285-303 SAMPLEFerrule type fuses . . . . . . .285-303Fiber duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 SAMPLEFiber duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

SAMPLEcutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11liquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34

SAMPLEliquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34Flexible conduit connectors .29-32

SAMPLEFlexible conduit connectors .29-32

liquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34-35

SAMPLEliquid-tight . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34-35

Flexible conduit couplings . . . . .32

SAMPLEFlexible conduit couplings . . . . .32Flexible cords . . . . . .89, 91, 96-99

SAMPLEFlexible cords . . . . . .89, 91, 96-99

restrictions on use . . . . . . . . . .90

SAMPLErestrictions on use . . . . . . . . . .90

Flexible metallic tubing . . . . . . . .15

SAMPLEFlexible metallic tubing . . . . . . . .15Floodlights

SAMPLEFloodlights

adjustable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

SAMPLEadjustable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187SAMPLEexterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187heavy duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185SAMPLEheavy duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185without poles . . . . . . . . . . . . .186SAMPLEwithout poles . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

Floor boxSAMPLEFloor box

accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156SAMPLEaccessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155SAMPLEcovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Floor boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .153-155SAMPLE

Floor boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .153-155

box covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

SAMPLEbox covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361

SAMPLEcable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361capped elbows . . . . . . . . . . . .65

SAMPLEcapped elbows . . . . . . . . . . . .65cast boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

SAMPLEcast boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66conduit assemblies . . . .463-466

SAMPLEconduit assemblies . . . .463-466conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

SAMPLEconduit bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . .63expansion fittings . . . . . . . . . .68

SAMPLEexpansion fittings . . . . . . . . . .68messenger strand . . . . . . . . .114

SAMPLEmessenger strand . . . . . . . . .114trim plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

SAMPLEtrim plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Galvanized rigid steel (GRS) . . .12

SAMPLEGalvanized rigid steel (GRS) . . .12

conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

SAMPLEconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49conduit assemblies . . . .463-466

SAMPLEconduit assemblies . . . .463-466couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

SAMPLEcouplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-51

SAMPLEelbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-51

546

High-tech buildingmanagement systems . . . . . . .365High time clause . . . . . . . . . . . . .16High voltage wire and cable . . . .88

splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90Hinged cover wireway . . . . . . .329Hinged pull boxes . . . . . . .147-151Hinged square poles . . . . . . . .196Holes in concrete or masonry . .16Hollins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Hook stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343Hookup

kitchen equipment . . . . .378, 380mechanical equipment .378, 380motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379standby generator . . . . . . . . .381

Horizontal elbows, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Horizontal pole-mountedfloodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Horn sirens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368Horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 368Horsepower rated

starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386switches . . . . . . . . . . . . .228-229

Hospital grade receptacles . . . .237, 240-243, 246Hot box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11HP rated manual motorstarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388-389Humidistat, hookup . . . . . . . . .379Hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

I

Ideal working temperature . . . . . .6Illuminated switch handles . . . .219Illustrations

cable tray system, P-W . . . . .359plug-in bus duct . . . . . . . . . . .344power systems equipment . .270

IMC (intermediate metal conduit)conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13, 52couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52, 53

Incandescentdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161-165lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199-203

Indent EMT couplings . . . . . . . .22Indenter tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Indoor ballasts, enclosed . . . . .194Industrial fixtures

fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175HID enclosed . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Industrial-grade switches .225-229Injection molded corridorfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Insert caps

duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .341

Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Installation

EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11service entrance equipment .274

Insulatedbushed nipples . . . . . . . . . .71-72bushing, underfloor raceway .342crimp sleeves . . . . . . . . . . . .115EMT connectors . . . . . . . . .19-21flex connectors . . . . . . . . . .29-32ground bushings . . . .54, 62, 442malleable set screwconnectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75round bushings . . . . . . . . . . . .54sealtight connectors . . . . . .34-36set screw connectors . . . . . . .74squeeze flex connectors . . . . .32threadless connectors . . . .73-75

Insulationasbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540thermoplastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Types A and B . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Intermediate metalconduit (IMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53running thread . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Intermediate type spacers . . . . .47Interrupt capacity . . . . . . . . . . .306Intrusion detectors . . . . . .366, 371Ionization detectors . . . . . . . . .366Isolated ground receptacles . . . . . . .237, 240, 242

J

Jack, reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Jacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421Janthina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112JIC wiring boxes . . . . . . . .150-151Job shacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Job site access, obstructed . . . . .8Job size modifiers . . . . . . . . . . .16Joiners

fixtures, between . . . . . . . . . .158ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .362

Journeyman electrician . . . . . . . .6Juilliard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Jumbo switch plates

blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267decorator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

Jumper whips . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434Jumpers, bonding . . . . . . . . . . . .68Junction boxes . . . . . . . . .119, 335

one level . . . . . . . . . . . . .339-340PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .83-84underfloor raceway . . . .339-340

K

Key operated starters . . . . . . . .385Key operated switches . . . . . . . . . .230, 234-235

Keyed RJ45 plug . . . . . . . . . . .533Keyless receptacles . . . . . . . . .161Keystone jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . .534Kitchen equipment hookup . . . .378Knockouts, boxes . . . . . . . . . . .119

L

Labor costsadjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 337burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Labor for installationlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158service entrance equipment .273underfloor duct . . . . . . . . . . .337

Ladder, access box . . . . . . . . .373Ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . .358, 363

communications cable . . . . . .519fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363-364

Lampholders . . . . . . . . . . .168-171Lamping labor, estimating . . . .158Lamps

estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158fluorescent . . . . . . .201, 210-212

halogen . . . . . . . . . . . . .202-203HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204-207incandescent . . . . . . . . .199-203LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203mercury vapor . . . . . . . . . . . .204quartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208special voltage . . . . . . . .201-203standard voltage . . . . . .199-201tubular quartz . . . . . . . . . . . .203

LAN (Local Area Network)cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Large radius elbows (GRS) . .50-51Layout, cable tray . . . . . . . . . . .359Lens

clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190closed asymmetric . . . . . . . .188convex glass . . . . . . . . . . . . .192flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 192prismatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190vandal-resistant . . . . . . . . . . .180

Levelingcable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .342

Light fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .157-218bathroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164ceiling mountedincandescent . . . . . . . . . . . .162ceiling mounted with canopy . . . . . . . . . .162-163

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157estimating . . . . . . . .157, 159-160exit lighting . . . . . . . . . . .171-173finish color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . .174-180guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-194high bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425incandescent . . . . . . . . .161-167mounting height . . . . . . . . . . .158pricing services . . . . . . . . . . .159retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183surface mountedincandescent . . . . . . . . . . . .161suspension system . . . . . . . .158track lights . . . . . . . . . . .168-171

Light poles . . . . . . . . . . . . .195-198Light track, surface mounted . .168Lighted handle switches . . . . . .229Lighted knob incandescentdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Lightning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438Links, cartridge fuse . . . . .288-290Linnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Liquid-tight

flex conduit . . . . . . . . . .15, 33-34flex connectors . . . . . . . . . .34-36flex to rigid combinationcouplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Listings, subcontractor . . . . . . . . .9Loadcenters . . . . . . .272, 322-324Local Area Network (LAN)cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Locating duct inserts . . . . . . . .337Locking receptacle, steelchannel system . . . . . . . . . . . .432Locking receptacles .219, 253-254Locknuts

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Lockup boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Louvered cable tray . . . . . . . . .361

fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361-362Low bay open reflectorfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Low voltage protection,starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388-389

Low-pressure sodiumlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186, 190

Lugscopper wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118solder type . . . . . . . . . . .118, 443solderless type . . . . . . .118, 443

Luminaires . . . . . . . .184, 190-192

M

Machine tool wiring . . . . . . . . . .88Magnetic

breakers . . . . . . . . .272, 308-315contactors . . . . . . . . . . .382, 389detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371starters . . . . . . . . . . . . .382, 398switches, window or door . . .366

Main breaker . . . . . . . . . . .324-326Main lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324Maintain-contactswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234Malamute . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Male conduit adapters, ENT . . . .48Male conduit unions,PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Male to female offset nipples . . .72Malleable

body covers, blank . . . . . . . . .64bushed nipples . . . . . . . . . . . .71conduit spacers . . . . . . . . . . . .76connectors, insulated . . . . . . .30connectors, insulatedthroat flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34connectors, liquid-tight flex . . .34connectors, set screw . . . . . . .75connectors, squeeze flex . .30-32connectors, threadless . . . . . .73couplings, flex to rigid . . . . . . .36couplings, liquid-tightcombination . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36couplings, set screw . . . . . . . .74couplings, threadless . . . . .73-74couplings, three piece . . . . . . .72entrance caps, EMT . . . . . . . .27offset nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72reducing bushings . . . . . . . . . .69straps, EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25straps, one hole . . . . . . . . . . . .75unions, three piece . . . . . . . . .72

Management systems,building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365Mandrel, checking conduitwith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 91Manhattan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Manhole necking . . . . . . . . . . .376Manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . .373, 375Manhours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7

lighting fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .160Manual motor starters . . .382, 384Marion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Marker screw, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Masonry box . . . . . . . . . . .121, 132Mastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373Material

costs defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Maximum operatingtemperature, wire . . . . . . . . . . .88MC cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .89, 90, 103, 119, 120, 125MC connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . .103MCC (motor control center) . . .383MCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Mechanical equipmenthookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378, 380

SAMPLEdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 SAMPLEdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

SAMPLEcombination . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267decorator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

SAMPLEdecorator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267

Jumper whips . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434

SAMPLEJumper whips . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434Jumpers, bonding . . . . . . . . . . . .68

SAMPLEJumpers, bonding . . . . . . . . . . . .68Junction boxes . . . . . . . . .119, 335

SAMPLEJunction boxes . . . . . . . . .119, 335

one level . . . . . . . . . . . . .339-340

SAMPLEone level . . . . . . . . . . . . .339-340PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

SAMPLEPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .83-84

SAMPLEPVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . .83-84underfloor raceway . . . .339-340

SAMPLEunderfloor raceway . . . .339-340

SAMPLEKSAMPLEK

Key operated starters . . . . . . . .385SAMPLEKey operated starters . . . . . . . .385Key operated SAMPLEKey operated switches . . . . . . . . . .230, 234-235SAMPLE

switches . . . . . . . . . .230, 234-235

with canopy . . . . . . . . . .162-163

SAMPLEwith canopy . . . . . . . . . .162-163

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157

SAMPLEcommercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157estimating . . . . . . . .157, 159-160

SAMPLEestimating . . . . . . . .157, 159-160exit lighting . . . . . . . . . . .171-173

SAMPLEexit lighting . . . . . . . . . . .171-173finish color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

SAMPLEfinish color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191

SAMPLEfloodlights . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . .174-180

SAMPLEfluorescent . . . . . . . . . . .174-180guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

SAMPLEguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-194

SAMPLEHID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-194high bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

SAMPLEhigh bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425incandescent . . . . . . . . .161-167

SAMPLEincandescent . . . . . . . . .161-167mounting height . . . . . . . . . . .158

SAMPLEmounting height . . . . . . . . . . .158pricing services . . . . . . . . . . .159

SAMPLEpricing services . . . . . . . . . . .159retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

SAMPLEretrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

connectors, insulated

SAMPLEconnectors, insulatedthroat flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

SAMPLEthroat flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34connectors, liquid-tight flex . . .34

SAMPLEconnectors, liquid-tight flex . . .34

547

Megger, ground . . . . . . . . . . . .440Mercury switches . . . . . . . . . . .219Mercury vapor

ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191HID fixtures . . . . . . . . . .181-184lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 206luminaires . . . . . . . . . . .184, 192street lights . . . . . . . . . . .193-194

Merlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Messenger strand . . . . . . . . . .114Metal conduit, flexible . . . . . . . . .11Metal halide

ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205, 207floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191HID fixtures . . . . . . . . . .181-184lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206luminaires . . . . . . . . . . .184, 192street lights . . . . . . . . . . .193-194

Metal wireway,communications . . . . . . . . . . .519Metallic outlet boxes . . . . . . . . .441Metallic raceway, grounding . . .439Meter centers . . . . . . . . . .318-321Meter sockets . . . . . . . . . .272, 317Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Modular couplers . . . . . . . . . . .534Modular keystone jacks . . . . . .534Modulating valves, hookup . . . .380Mogul aluminum conduitbodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65Moisture-resistantthermoplastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Momentary contactswitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235Momentary control switch . . . .382Monmouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Monorail trolley, hookup . . . . . .380Montclair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Motion detectors . . . . . . . . . . . .366Motivating employees . . . . . . . . .7Motor control center (MCC) . . .383Motor control equipment . .382-419Motor control stations . . . .418-419Motor rotation, reversing . . . . .377Motor starters, manual . . . . . . .384Motorized valves, hookup . . . .380Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378

Mounting height, lightingfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91MTW type wire . . . . . . . . . . .88, 95Multi-conductorcommunications cable . . .523-525Multi-gang masonry boxes . . . .132Multi-gang switch boxes . . . . . .121Multi-outlet strips, colorsavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Multi-outlet systems . . . . . . . . .424Murex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Mustang . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112

N

N type connectors forRG/U cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Nassa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111National ElectricalCode (NEC) . . . . . .10, 88-89, 438National Estimator, installing . . . .5Necking, manhole . . . . . . . . . .376NEMA

cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358Class 1 pull boxes . . . . .146-148Class 3R pull boxes . . . .148-150

magnetic starters . . . . . . . . . .382safety switches . . . . . . . . . . .271

Neritina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Neutral

ACSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112aluminum . . . . . . . .109, 111-112reduced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Nipplesaluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-61bushed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

NM type cable . . . . . . . .89, 98-100Non-adjustable cast ironfloor boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Non-fused disconnect,starters . . . . . . . . . . .404-405, 411

Non-fused safety switches . . . .275Non-fusible switches . . . . . . . .271Non-metallic

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100conduit, ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48conduit spacers . . . . . . . . . . . .76conduit, Type CN-P . . . . . . . . .34outlet boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121sheathed cable . . . . . .89, 98-102

Non-renewable fuses . . . .285-286Non-time delayfuses . . . . . . . .291, 293-294, 297

O

Octagon boxes . . . . .120, 125-126covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Off-street area lighting . . . . . . .188Offset bar hangers . . . . . . . . . .126Offset elbows, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

Offset nipplesdie cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Offsets, described . . . . . . . . . . .10Oldenberg . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Olive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Olive-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109On-site storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7One circuit overheaddistribution systems . . . . . . . . .433

One gang floor boxes . . . . . . . .154One gang masonry boxes . . . .132One gang switchassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . .487-489

One hole EMT straps . . . . . . . . .24One level junction boxes . .339-340One piece raceways

sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426

Opal globe utility fixtureceiling mounted . . . . . . . . . . .163wall mounted . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Open luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . .188Open reflector fixtures . . . . . . .182Open type contactors

five pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397four pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396three pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393two pole . . . . . . . . . . . . .389-391

Open type starters . .385, 399, 403HP rated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386

Orange, code name . . . . . . . . .108XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

Orange face receptacles . .253-254Ought scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Outlet box covers . . .120, 128, 136Outlet boxes . . . . . . .133-139, 153

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133handy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

installation labor . . . . . . . . . .122number of wires allowed . . . .121sectional switch . . . . . . . . . . .123size to use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Outlet receptacles . . .237-242, 336Overcurrent devices . . . . . . . . .438Overfloor raceway, steel

boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . .424, 426

Overhead costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Overhead distributionsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433Overhead door, hookup . . . . . .380Overhead service,sockets for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Overload protection . . . . . . . . .271

motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377Overload relays

motor starters . . . . . . . . . . . .385starters with . .388-389, 404-418

Oversize plates . . . . . . . . . . . .221Oxidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Oyster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111

P

P&Ccouplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12, 45elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45, 46end bells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47female adapters (FA) . . . . . . .46fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Pace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Pad mount transformerslabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374, 376Paging systems . . . . . . . . . . . .365Paint, spray enamel . . . . . . . . .429Palomino . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Paludina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Pancake box . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Panel or box adapter

ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .361

Panelboards . . . . . . .272, 324-327circuit breaker . . . . . . . .325-326rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Par38 lamp, lampholder for . . .168Parachute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Parallel beam clamps . . . . . . . . .79Partridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Peach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Peach-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Pear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Pear-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Pecan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Pecan-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Pedestals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541Pedestals for power . . . . . . . . .541Pekingese . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Percheron . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Periwinkle . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Permits, temporary power . . . . . .7Photo controls . . . . . . . . . . . . .259Photocell controlled lights . . . .188Photoelectric switches . . . . . . .221

tungsten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Pigeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Pignut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Pignut-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Pigtail plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Pilot switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232Pins, cable contacts . . . . . . . . .528Pinto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112

Pipe adapters, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Pipe inserts, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Pit excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422Pitfalls, estimating . . . . . . . . . . .16Plaster

frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119, 121

Plasticblank covers . . . . . . . . . . . . .142boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-142bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54locking connectors . . . . .255-256locking plugs . . . . . . . . .257-258pull lines for conduitassemblies . . . . . . . . . .447-450spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47switch rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Plate electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . .439Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

amp size . . . . . . . . . . . . .267-268blank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261-263combination . . . . . .261, 263-268decorator . . . . . . . . . . . .263-264deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267receptacle . . . .261-262, 265-268semi-jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-267telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Plug-in bus ductaluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .348-349copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350-353units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356-357

Plug-in devicesbreakers, loadcenter . . . . . . .324fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354-355switches . . . . . . . . . . . . .356-357

Plug fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . .283-284Plugs

communications cable . . . . . .533duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Plum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Plum-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Plumber’s perforatedmetal tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Pneumatic switches, hookup . .380Pole mountedfloodlights . . . . . . . . .186-187, 189Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . .196-198steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195-196street light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195telephone-power . .424, 436-437

Polycarbonate diffuser . . . . . . .164Polyvinyl chloride conduit . . . . . .11Porcelain receptacles . . . . . . . .161Portunas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Potted ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . . .194Power cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Power cord connectors . . . . . .249Power cord plugs . . . . . . .250-252Power cord receptacles . .248-249Power duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339Power groove lamps . . . . . . . .212Power intrafacer . . . . . . . . . . . .541Power systems equipment,illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Power taps, steel channel system . . . . . . . .432Power, temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Pratt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Precast concrete accessboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373-376Preheat lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Pressure switches . . . . . . . . . .366

hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380

SAMPLEMotor rotation, reversing . . . . .377

SAMPLEMotor rotation, reversing . . . . .377Motor starters, manual . . . . . . .384 SAMPLEMotor starters, manual . . . . . . .384Motorized valves, hookup . . . .380 SAMPLEMotorized valves, hookup . . . .380Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377 SAMPLEMotors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379 SAMPLEhookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379

Offset bar hangers . . . . . . . . . .126

SAMPLEOffset bar hangers . . . . . . . . . .126

raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

SAMPLEraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

die cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

SAMPLEdie cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

SAMPLEmalleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Offsets, described . . . . . . . . . . .10

SAMPLEOffsets, described . . . . . . . . . . .10Oldenberg . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112

SAMPLEOldenberg . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Olive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

SAMPLEOlive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Olive-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

SAMPLEOlive-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109On-site storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7SAMPLEOn-site storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7One circuit overheadSAMPLEOne circuit overheaddistribution systems . . . . . . . . .433SAMPLEdistribution systems . . . . . . . . .433

One gang floor boxes . . . . . . . .154SAMPLEOne gang floor boxes . . . . . . . .154One gang masonry boxes . . . .132SAMPLEOne gang masonry boxes . . . .132One gang switchSAMPLE

One gang switchSAMPLEcouplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

SAMPLEcouplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12, 45

SAMPLEduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12, 45elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45, 46

SAMPLEelbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45, 46end bells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SAMPLEend bells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47female adapters (FA) . . . . . . .46

SAMPLEfemale adapters (FA) . . . . . . .46fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

SAMPLEfittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

SAMPLEplugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Pace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

SAMPLEPace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Pad mount transformer

SAMPLEPad mount transformerslabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374, 376

SAMPLEslabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374, 376Paging systems . . . . . . . . . . . .365

SAMPLEPaging systems . . . . . . . . . . . .365Paint, spray enamel . . . . . . . . .429

SAMPLEPaint, spray enamel . . . . . . . . .429

548

Prewired duplex receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . .239-248Prewired fixture housings .166-167Prewired switches . . . . . . .223-232Prices, adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . .222Pricing

access boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .374wiring devices . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Pricing service, lightingfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Printing National Estimatorinstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Prismatic lens

fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

Productivity factors . . . . . . . . . .7-8Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 7Public address systems . . . . . .365Pull boxes

hinged . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147-152NEMA Class 1 . . . . . . . .146-148NEMA Class 3R . . . . . . .148-150raintight . . . . . . . . . . . . .148-150

Pull line for conduitassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . .447-466Pull rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Pulley, wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423Pulling

elbows, EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Pump control panels, hookup . .380Push button stations . . . . .418-419Push buttons, signal .366, 370-371Push on-off dimmers . . . . . . . .229PVC

bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37conduit assemblies . . . .459-462conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . .41-42couplings, expansion . . . . .39-40covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . .37-38, 43end bells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38junction boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . .43outlet boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40reducing bushings . . . . . . . . . .41service entrance caps . . . . . . .42

PVC coatedbeam clamps . . . . . . . . . . .79-80clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79-80conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78conduit bodies . . . . . . . . . .81-82conduit unions . . . . . . . . . . . . .80couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81couplings, steel . . . . . . . . . . . .78covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78junction boxes . . . . . . . . . .83-84sealing fittings . . . . . . . . . .84-85straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79U-bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

PVC jacketedcommunications cable . . .521-525

Q

Quadruplex . . . . . . . . . . . .111-112service drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Quality control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Quartz lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203Quiet switches . . . . . .223-227, 230Quince . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Quince-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

R

R14 lamp, lampholder for . . . . .169R20 lamp

continental lampholderfor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168-169

decorator track fixture for . . .170petite cylinder lampholderfor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

R30 lampcontinental lampholder for . . .169shielded universallampholder for . . . . . . . . . . .168

stepped base lampholder for .171R40 lamp

continental lampholder for . . .169shielded universal lampholder for . . . . . . . . . . .168

stepped base lampholder for .171Raceway

defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10fittings, underfloor . . . . . . . . .341steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423-437surface, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . .426underfloor . . . . . . . . . . . .335-342

Radio suppressors . . . . . . . . . .159Raintight meter centers . . . . . .321Raintight pull boxes . . . . . .148-150Raised box covers . . . . . . . . . .131Ramapo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Rapid-start lamps . . . . . . . . . . .210Rate-of-rise detectors . . . .366, 371Raven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Receptacle and handybox assemblies . . . . . . . .508-509

Receptacle and sectionalbox assemblies . . . . . . . .510-513

Receptacle assemblies . . .508-517duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515, 517single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514, 516

Receptacle plates . . . . . . . .261-262, 265-268weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Receptacles119, 237-249, 253-254duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239-243single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237-238

Recessed fixturesdoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-183incandescent . . . . . . . . .166-167

Rechargeable batteries,exit fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Rectangular floor box covers . .155Rectangular floor boxes

cast iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Red neon pilot switches . . . . . .233Reduced neutral . . . . . . . . . . . .112Reduced wall conduit, flex,aluminum or steel . . . . . . . . . . .28

Reducers, bus duct . . . . .343, 355Reducing

bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69-70bushings, PVC . . . . . . . . . . . .41couplings, PVC coated . . . . . .81underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .341voltage drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14washers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Refrigeration, hookup . . . . . . . .380Regis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Reinforcing, overfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

Remote ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . .159Renewable cartridgefuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287, 289

Rental equipment, earthwork . .420Residential switches . . . . . . . . .223Restrictions

conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11use of armored cable . . . . . . .88

Retrofit fixtures, recessedHID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182-183Retrofitting forcommunications . . . . . . . . . . .520Reversing motor rotation . . . . .377Reversing starters . . . . . . .388-389RG/U cable, plugconnectors for . . . . . . . . .535-536Right angle beam clamps . . . . . .79Rigid conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58assemblies . . . . . . . . . . .463-466elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-50terminations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Rigid steelconduit clamps . . . . . . . . . . . .77conduit, galvanized . . . . . . . . .49couplings (IMC) . . . . . . . . . . . .53nipples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-57

Ringsgang extension . . . . . . . .144-145plastic switch . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

RJ11 jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533RJ45 plug and jack . . . . . . . . . .533Roadway luminaires . . . . . . . . .193Rock outcrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Rockland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Rocky soil, excavation . . . . . . .420Rod couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Rod, threaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Roller/plunger detector . . . . . . .371Romex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98-100

clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Rotary incandescentdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Rotating beacons . . . . . . . . . . .369Round

box covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136cylinder lampholder . . . . . . . .169fiberglass boxes . . . . . . .133-136fixtures, glass ceiling . . . . . . .162fixtures, opal glass utility . . . .165fixtures, walkway . . . . . . . . . .190fixtures, white trim . . . . . . . . .166flanges, carpet . . . . . . . . . . . .156floor box covers . . . . . . . . . . .154floor outlet boxes . . . . . . . . . .153luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . .191-192poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197-198

RSC (rigid steel conduit) . . . . . .12Runcina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Running thread, steel . . . . . . . . .53

S

S type flexible cord . . . . . . . .89, 96Safety clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Safety switches . . . . .271, 275-282

240 volt general duty . . . . . . .275240 volt heavy duty . . . .276-277600 volt heavy duty . . . .278-281rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Safety wire and cable . . . . . . . .159Sail switches, hookup . . . . . . . .380Sales tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Sand encasement . . . . . . . . . . .15Sand, excavation . . . . . . . . . . .420Scaffold work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Scallop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112Schedule 40 PVC

conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38, 39elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Schedule 80 PVCconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 8Screw cover boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .146-147, 148-149

Screw cover wireway . . . . . . . .328Screw-in fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Screw terminals . . . . . . . . . . . .533SE-SER plastic jacket cable . . .107Sealing fittings, PVCcoated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84-85Sectional box receptacleassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . .510-513Sectional box switch assemblies

15 amp . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471-47820 amp . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479-486

Sectional switch boxes . . .119, 124Sections, duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337Self illuminating

exit fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173Self-stripping connectors . . . . .115Semi-adjustable floor boxes

cast iron . . . . . . . . . . . . .153-155sheet metal . . . . . . . . . .153-154

Semi-flush mounted socket . . .317Semi-jumbo switch plates . . . .266Service drop wire . . . . . . .110-111Service entrance cable . . . .88, 101Service entrance caps, PVC . . .42Service entrance equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .269-334checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Service fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Service section . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Set screw connectors, steel . . . .74Set screw couplings

malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74steel EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Setter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111SEU cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 101SEU type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Seven circuit overheaddistribution systems . . . . . . . . .434Sheet metal

floor boxes . . . . . . . . . . .153-154hinged cover pull boxes .147-148JIC wiring . . . . . . . . . . .150-151panels for JIC enclosures . . .152raintight screw cover pull boxes . . . . . . . . . . .148-149

raintight hinge cover pull boxes . . . . . . . . . . .149-150

screw cover pull boxes . .146-149tray, communications . . . . . .519

Shepherd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Shielded cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .104Shielded universallampholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Shopping subcontractor bids . . . .9Shoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420Short-circuit interruptingcapacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Show Me video, viewing . . . . . . . .5Side or back wiring, switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223-232Side-mounted single-lampfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Side-wired receptacles . . .237-245Side-wired switches . . . . .223-232Side/back wired receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . .237-245Side/back wired switches . . . . . . . . . .225, 227-230Signal

cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .365-372terminal cabinets . . . . . . . . . .327transformers . . . . . . . . .366, 370

Silent switches . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Silicon-bronze conduit . . . . . . . .15Single conductor cable . . . . . . .104Single decorator receptacles . .244Single face exit fixtures . .171, 173Single gang

switch boxes . . . . .137-138, 141switch rings . . . . . . . . . .129-130

SAMPLEfittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 SAMPLEfittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38junction boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 SAMPLEjunction boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Receptacle assemblies . . .508-517

SAMPLEReceptacle assemblies . . .508-517duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515, 517

SAMPLEduplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515, 517single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514, 516

SAMPLEsingle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514, 516

plates . . . . . . . .261-262, 265-268

SAMPLEplates . . . . . . . .261-262, 265-268weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

SAMPLEweatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Receptacles119, 237-249, 253-254

SAMPLEReceptacles119, 237-249, 253-254

duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239-243

SAMPLEduplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239-243single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237-238

SAMPLEsingle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237-238

Recessed fixturesSAMPLERecessed fixtures

door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181SAMPLEdoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177SAMPLEfluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177HID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-183SAMPLEHID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181-183incandescent . . . . . . . . .166-167SAMPLEincandescent . . . . . . . . .166-167

Rechargeable batteries,SAMPLERechargeable batteries,exit fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172SAMPLE

exit fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Rod couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

SAMPLERod couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Rod, threaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

SAMPLERod, threaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Roller/plunger detector . . . . . . .371

SAMPLERoller/plunger detector . . . . . . .371Romex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98-100

SAMPLERomex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98-100clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

SAMPLEclamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119Rotary incandescent

SAMPLERotary incandescentdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

SAMPLEdimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Rotating beacons . . . . . . . . . . .369

SAMPLERotating beacons . . . . . . . . . . .369Round

SAMPLERoundbox covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

SAMPLEbox covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136cylinder lampholder . . . . . . . .169

SAMPLEcylinder lampholder . . . . . . . .169fiberglass boxes . . . . . . .133-136

SAMPLEfiberglass boxes . . . . . . .133-136fixtures, glass ceiling . . . . . . .162

SAMPLEfixtures, glass ceiling . . . . . . .162fixtures, opal glass utility . . . .165

SAMPLEfixtures, opal glass utility . . . .165fixtures, walkway . . . . . . . . . .190

SAMPLEfixtures, walkway . . . . . . . . . .190fixtures, white trim . . . . . . . . .166

SAMPLEfixtures, white trim . . . . . . . . .166

Setter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

SAMPLESetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111SEU cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 101

SAMPLESEU cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 101SEU type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

SAMPLESEU type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

549

Single polespace, breakers in . . . . . . . . .307switches . . . . .223-229, 230-235

Single receptacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237-238, 241-242

assemblies . . . . . . . . . .514, 516plates . . . . . . .261, 265, 267-268underfloor raceway . . . . . . . .342

Single strokebells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367chimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

Single-lamp strip fixtures . . . . .174Sirens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365, 367

horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368Sizes

outlet box . . . . . . . . . . . .119, 122wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

SJ type flexible cord . . . .89, 96-97SJO type flexible cord . . . . . .97-98Slab, transformer . . . . . . .374, 376Sleeves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115Slide control dimmers . . . . . . . .229Slimline lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . .211Smart buildings . . . . . . . . . . . .365Smoke detectors . . . . . . .366, 371SO type flexible cord . . . . . .89, 97Soapstone duct . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318-321

cable contacts . . . . . . . . . . . .528meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269, 317

Sodium lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . .208Solder cup contacts . . . . . . . . .528Solder type lugs . . . . . . . . . . . .118Solderless type lugs . . . . . . . . .118Solenoid valves, hookup . . . . .380Solid armored cable . . . . . . . . .103Solid communicationscable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521, 525Solid direct burial cable . . . . . .100Solid wire . . . . . . . .88, 93-94, 108Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Spaniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Sparate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Spare key switches . . . . . . . . .235Sparrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Special outlet boxes . . . . . . . . .121Special support material . . . . . .158Special voltage lamps . . . .201-203Specialty switches . . . . . . .229-233Specialty, choosing . . . . . . . . . . .8Specification grade

receptacles . . .240-241, 243, 246switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

Spherical lampholder . . . . . . . .170Splice connectors,telephone cable . . . . . . . . . . . .534Split adapters, EMT . . . . . . . . . .27Split bolt connectors . . . . . . . . .116Spray paint, enamel . . . . . . . . .429Square

boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120, 127exterior walkway luminaires .191fiberglass boxes . . . . . . . . . .136glass fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . .161luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192opal glass utility drumfixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166outlet boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127poles, hinged . . . . . . . . . . . . .196switch rings . . . . . . . . . .129-130tapered steel poles . . . . . . . .196walkway fixtures . . . . . . . . . .190white glass light fixture . . . . .166

Square base aluminum lightpoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Squeeze flexible conduitconnectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-32

Stainless steel raceway . . . . . .431Staking duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338Standard colors, wiringdevices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Standard switches . . . . . . . . . .218Standard voltage lamps . .199-201Standard wall

GRS conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49steel conduit, flex . . . . . . . . . .28

Standby electrical generators . .365Standby engine-generators . . .378

hookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381Standpipes, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

Starter/circuit breaker,bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357

Starter/fusible switch,bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357

Starterscombination . . . . . . . . . .404-417magnetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384motor, manual . . . . . . . . . . . .384with stainless steel covers . . .384

Station wire connectors . . . . . .540Stations, control . . . . . . . .418-419Stats, outside air, hookup . . . . .380Steel

boxes, overfloor raceway . . .427conduit blank body covers . . . .64conduit, rigid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49flex conduit assemblies .455-458hex nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86messenger strand . . . . . . . . .114poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195raceway base . . . . . . . . . . . .426raceway cover . . . . . . . . . . . .426raceway fittings . . . . . . .431, 435reducing bushings . . . . . . . . . .69reducing washers . . . . . . . . . .70running thread . . . . . . . . . . . . .53set screw connectors . . . . . . .74straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-76surface raceway . . . . . . . . . .426

Steel channel, overheaddistribution, fittings . . . . . . . . .432

Steel channel (strut) & fittings . .87Steel compression EMT

connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Steel fittingsoverfloor raceway . . . . .426, 429surface raceway . . . . . . .427-428

Steel frame fluorescentfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177

Steel tube EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157Stephens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Stepped base lampholders . . .171STO type flexible cord . . . . .89, 99Straight couplings, P&C . . . . . . .45Strain relief cable cover . . . . . .533Stranded cable

armored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103communications . . . . . . .521-525direct burial . . . . . . . . . .100-101service entrance . . . . . . . . . .100

Stranded wire . .88, 93-95, 108-109Straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-76

malleable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79steel, one hole . . . . . . . . . . . . .75supporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Street light poles . . . . . . . . . . .195Street luminaires . . . . . . . . . . .193Stress cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Strip fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Strombus . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112

Subcontractor listings . . . . . . . . . .9Subgrade conditions . . . . . . . .420Sub-panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Suffolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 112Sump pumps, hookup . . . . . . .380Super metalarc lights . . . . . . . .186Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Support material, special . . . . .158Supporting straps . . . . . . . . . . . .11Supports

cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Surface cabling . . . . . . . . . . . .519Surface covers . . . . . . . . . . . . .131Surface metal racewayassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431Surface mounted

breaker enclosures . . . .315-316buzzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367fluorescent fixtures . . . . . . . .174incandescent fixtures . . . . . .161push buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . .370screw cover boxes . . . . .146-147single circuit light track . . . . .168

Surface raceway . . . . . . . .423-437communications . . . . . . . . . .519fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427

Suspension system, lighting . . .158Swan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Swanate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Sweetbriar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Switch assemblies . . . . . .467-507

handy box . . . . . . . . . . .467-470one and two gang . . . . .487-507sectional box . . . . . . . . .471-486

Switch boxes . . . . . . . . . . .123-125fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . .137-139four gang . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142single gang . . .137-138, 141-142three gang . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142two gang . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 141

Switch control schemes . . . . . .220Switch handles,illuminated . . . . . . . .225, 229, 232Switch legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Switch plates . . . . . . . . . . .260-267

deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267semi-jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

Switch ring . . . . . . . .119, 121, 129Switchboard connections,bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223-236

bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356commercial . . .224-227, 230-233disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269entry release . . . . . . . . . . . . .372grounded . . . . . . . . . . . .223-236handy box assemblies . .467-470industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . .225-229key operated . . . . .230, 234-235momentary control . . . . . . . .382one gang assemblies . . .487-489quiet . . . . . . . . . . . .223-227, 230residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223safety . . . . . . . . . . .271, 275-282

sectional box assemblies .471-486side or back wiring . . . . .223-232specialty . . . . . . . . . . . . .229-233time release . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372two gang assemblies . . .489-507

Switching whips . . . . . . . . . . . .434System engineering,channel wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

T

T12 lampshigh output . . . . . . . . . . .211-212preheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

rapid-start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210slimline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

T17 preheat lamps . . . . . . . . . .212T9 circular fluorescent lamps . .212Taft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

cable tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420lighting fixtures . . . . . . .157, 160motor control equipment . . . .382outlet boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121underfloor duct . . . . . . . . . . .337wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92wiring devices . . . . . . . . . . . .218work sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Tamper-resistant (TR), cost adjustment for . .239-242, 244-246Tandem breakers . . . . . . . . . . .307Tap & splice adapter . . . . . . . .540Tap boxes, bus duct . . . . . . . . .355Tapered poles . . . . . . . . . . . . .196Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5T-bar fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Tee

bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354ladder tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363louvered cable tray . . . . . . . .361

Telephoneplates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263terminal cabinets . . . . . . . . . .327

Telephone cable . . . . . . . . . . . .525connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534

Telephone-communicationspole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436-437Telephone-powerpoles . . . . . . . . . . . .424, 436-437Temperature

detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371operating for wire . . . . . . . . . .88

Temporary electrical service . . . .7Temporary power . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Terminal blocks . . . . . . . . . . . .541Terminal cabinets . . . . . . . . . . .327Terminations

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52rigid conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Terrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Test blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Testing, service entranceequipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273TF type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88TFF type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88TFFN type wire . . . . . . . . . . .89, 96THC connector for RG/Ucable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Thermal circuit breakers . . . . . .272Thermal magnetic breakers . . . . . . . . . .272, 308-315Thermoplastic insulation . . . . . .88THHN type wire . . .88, 93, 94, 105Thin wall EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Threaded hubs, boxes . . . . . . . .66Threaded rod, steel . . . . . . . . . .86Threading

wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91GRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Threadless connectors . . . . . . . .73Three conductor lugs . . . . . . . .118Three gang boxes

floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154-155switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Three lamp fluorescentfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175Three phase circuit . . . . . . . . . . .92Three pole

contactors . . . . . . . . . . .391-393starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400-403

SAMPLESpaniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111

SAMPLESpaniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109, 111Sparate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 SAMPLESparate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Spare key switches . . . . . . . . .235 SAMPLESpare key switches . . . . . . . . .235Sparrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 SAMPLESparrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Special outlet boxes . . . . . . . . .121 SAMPLESpecial outlet boxes . . . . . . . . .121

poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195

SAMPLEpoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195raceway base . . . . . . . . . . . .426

SAMPLEraceway base . . . . . . . . . . . .426raceway cover . . . . . . . . . . . .426

SAMPLEraceway cover . . . . . . . . . . . .426raceway fittings . . . . . . .431, 435

SAMPLEraceway fittings . . . . . . .431, 435reducing bushings . . . . . . . . . .69

SAMPLEreducing bushings . . . . . . . . . .69reducing washers . . . . . . . . . .70

SAMPLEreducing washers . . . . . . . . . .70running thread . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

SAMPLErunning thread . . . . . . . . . . . . .53set screw connectors . . . . . . .74

SAMPLEset screw connectors . . . . . . .74straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-76

SAMPLEstraps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-76surface raceway . . . . . . . . . .426

SAMPLEsurface raceway . . . . . . . . . .426

Steel channel, overheadSAMPLESteel channel, overheaddistribution, fittings . . . . . . . . .432SAMPLEdistribution, fittings . . . . . . . . .432Steel channel (strut) & fittings . .87SAMPLESteel channel (strut) & fittings . .87Steel compression EMTSAMPLESteel compression EMT

connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21SAMPLEconnectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23SAMPLEcouplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Steel fittingsSAMPLE

Steel fittings

Swanate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

SAMPLESwanate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Sweetbriar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

SAMPLESweetbriar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Switch assemblies . . . . . .467-507

SAMPLESwitch assemblies . . . . . .467-507handy box . . . . . . . . . . .467-470

SAMPLEhandy box . . . . . . . . . . .467-470one and two gang . . . . .487-507

SAMPLEone and two gang . . . . .487-507sectional box . . . . . . . . .471-486

SAMPLEsectional box . . . . . . . . .471-486Switch boxes . . . . . . . . . . .123-125

SAMPLESwitch boxes . . . . . . . . . . .123-125fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . .137-139

SAMPLEfiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . .137-139four gang . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142

SAMPLEfour gang . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142single gang . . .137-138, 141-142

SAMPLEsingle gang . . .137-138, 141-142three gang . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142

SAMPLEthree gang . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142two gang . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 141

SAMPLEtwo gang . . . . . . . . . . . .138, 141

Switch control schemes . . . . . .220

SAMPLESwitch control schemes . . . . . .220Switch handles,

SAMPLESwitch handles,illuminated . . . . . . . .225, 229, 232

SAMPLEilluminated . . . . . . . .225, 229, 232

Telephone-communications

SAMPLETelephone-communications

550

Three-position switches . .234-235Three-way switches . . . . .232-233Through boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . .121Thumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90THW type wire . . . . . . .88, 93, 105THWN type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Time delay fuses

plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284cartridge .292, 295-296, 298-303

Time switches . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Timed release switch . . . . . . . .372Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236Toggle bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Toggle switches . . . . . . . . . . . .223Tomic bolt hangers . . . . . . . . . .132Tools

EMT hand benders . . . . . . . . .27GRS hand benders . . . . . . . . .52indenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22steel channel system . . . . . . .432steel raceway . . . . . . . . . . . .429

Top shield tape . . . . . . . . . . . . .540Track lighting andfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168-171Traffic covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373Transceiver/dropshielded cable . . . . . . . . . . . . .527Transformer slabs . . . . . .374, 376Transformers . . . . . . .273, 332-334signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366, 370Transite duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Transition boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .540Transition junction boxes . . . . .541Transition partitions . . . . . . . . .540Transition section,bus duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343Trapeze bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345Trapeze hangers . . . . . . . . . . . .12Tray, cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358Trenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 420Trim plates

wiring device . . . . . . . . .260-268Triplex service drop . . . . . . . . . .109-110, 112-113Troffer lay-in T-bar fixtures . . . .177Troffer fluorescentassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518Trough tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358Tubular quartz lamps . . . . . . . .203Twinaxial communicationscable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526Twinaxial plug . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Twist-lock receptacles . . . . . . .219Twisted pair cable . . . . . . .521-523

fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529-537Two bolt connectors . . . . . . . . .117Two circuit

overhead distributionsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433surface raceway . . . . . . . . . .430

Two gangfloor boxes . . . . . . . . . . .154-155switch assemblies . . . . .489-507switch boxes . . . . . . . . .138, 141switch rings . . . . . . . . . .129-130

Two hole steel EMT straps . . . . .25Two lamp

fluorescent fixtures . . . . . . . .176strip fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174

Two phase conductors . . . . . . .113Two piece steel raceway . . . . .426

assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423steel channel system . . . . . . .433

Two polecontactors . . . . . . . . . . .389-391starters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398-399

Two screw flex connectors . . . . .31Two speed starters . . . . . .388-389Two-way connectors . . . . . . . .116Type 1 and 2 duct . . . . . . . . . .335Type A insulation . . . . . . . . . . . .88Type B insulation . . . . . . . . . . . .88Type C PVC conduit bodies . . . .41Type CN-P liquid-tight flexnon-metallic conduit . . . . . . . . .34

Type DB P&C duct withcoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Type E PVC conduit bodies . . . .41Type EB or DB couplings . . . . . .45Type EB P&C duct withcoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Type EF flex steel conduit . . . . .33Type FA female PVC adapters .39Type FS PVC boxes . . . . . . . . . .43Type HC liquid-tightextra flex conduit . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Type LB conduit bodies . . . . . . .63Type LB PVC conduitbodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-42

Type LL conduit bodies . . . . . . .63Type LL PVC conduit bodies . . .42Type LR conduit bodies . . . . . . .63Type LR PVC conduit bodies . . .42Type LT flex steel conduit . . . . .33Type OR liquid-tight flexconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Type SLB entrance elbows . . . .63Type T conduit bodies, PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Type T PVC conduit bodies . . . .42Type TA terminal PVCadapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Type TB conduit bodies, PVCcoated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Type UA liquid-tight flexconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Type X conduit bodies . . . . . . . .63PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

U

U-bolts, PVC coated . . . . . . . . . .80U-ground receptacles . . . . . . . .247UF cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 100Ufer ground system . . . . .438, 439UL label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Undercarpet wiring systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538-541

Underfloor ductfittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

Underfloor racewaycommunications . . . . . . . . . .519fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

Undergroundbranch circuit cable . . . . . . . . .88distribution cable . . . . . . . . . .113feeder cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88service entrance cable . . . . . .88service, sockets for . . . . . . . .317

Underwriter’s Laboratories . . . . .10Uninsulated crimp sleeves . . . .115Unions

conduit, PVC coated . . . . . . . .80malleable 3 piece . . . . . . . . . .72

Unit heaters, hookup . . . . . . . .380

Universalarrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171-172lampholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

Uplight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175URD type cable . . . . . . . . . . . .113USE type wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88USE, RHH-RHWtype wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 106Utility

boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373drum fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163-164

V

Vacuum, fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . .91Valves, 3-way, hookup . . . . . . .380Vandal-resistant lens . . . . . . . .180Vassar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Ventilated door fixtures . . . . . .181Vertical elbows, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341Vertical runs, allowances for . . .16Video cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . .365Voice & data cable . . . . . . . . . .540Volatility of costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317Voluta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112

W

Walkway fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .190luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

Wall-mountedfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187single-lamp fixtures . . . . . . . .176utility fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Walnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Walnut-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Washers

fender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86steel, reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16allowance for . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 13lamps, allowance . . . . . . . . . .158

Water pipeas ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438ground clamps . . . . . . . . . . . .443

Waterseal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373Weatherproof

boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143-145covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144duplex receptacle plates . . . .268plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268potted ballasts . . . . . . . . . . . .194pull boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .143-150single receptacle plates . . . . .268wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Weightbare copper wire . . . . . . . . . .102conduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Welded switch boxes . . . . . . . .119Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Wet locations, fluorescentfixtures for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Wheel trenchers . . . . . . . . . . . .420Whips, fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434White glass light fixture . . . . . .166Whittier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113Wing nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88-118

ACSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108aluminum . . . . . . . . .90, 105, 106

appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96bare copper, weight . . . . . . . .102codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92connectors . . . . . . . . . . .115-117conversion table . . . . . . . . . .537copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93-104

high voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423pulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91-92safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159service drop . . . . . . . . . .110-111sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88sleeves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92-94, 108stranded . . .92-96, 105, 108-109takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14, 92threading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90weatherproof . . . . . . . . . . . . .107XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Wire and conduitassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . .447-518Wire lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Wire nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115Wireway . . . . . . . . . .272, 328-329

fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Wiring device plates . . . . .260-268Wiring devices . . . . . .119, 218-268

standard colors . . . . . . . . . . .218Wiring harness

overhead distributionsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434two piece steel raceway . . . .434

Wiring instructions, motors . . . .377Work area enclosed fixtures . . .183Work sheet, sample . . . . . . . . . .14Working conditions,adjusting for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Working temperature, ideal . . . . .6Wraparound

fluorescent fixtures . . . . . . . .176glass bathroom fixtures . . . . .164

Wrought iron pipe . . . . . . . . . . . .15Wye connectors, underfloorraceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Wye couplings, underfloor raceway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342Wyes, duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336

X

XHHW type wire . . . . . .88, 94, 106XLP

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90, 104duplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111quadruplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112triplex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111-112wire . . . . . . . . . . . .106, 108-109

Z

Zurara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110, 112

SAMPLEassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518 SAMPLEassemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518Trough tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358 SAMPLETrough tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358

Type T PVC conduit bodies . . . .42

SAMPLEType T PVC conduit bodies . . . .42

adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

SAMPLEadapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Type TB conduit bodies, PVC

SAMPLEType TB conduit bodies, PVCcoated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

SAMPLEcoated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Type UA liquid-tight flex

SAMPLEType UA liquid-tight flexconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

SAMPLEconduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Type X conduit bodies . . . . . . . .63

SAMPLEType X conduit bodies . . . . . . . .63

PVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

SAMPLEPVC coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

SAMPLEUSAMPLEU

U-bolts, PVC coated . . . . . . . . . .80SAMPLEU-bolts, PVC coated . . . . . . . . . .80U-ground receptacles . . . . . . . .247SAMPLEU-ground receptacles . . . . . . . .247UF cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 100SAMPLE

UF cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89, 100SAMPLEWalkway fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .190

SAMPLEWalkway fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .190luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

SAMPLEluminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191Wall-mounted

SAMPLEWall-mountedfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

SAMPLEfixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190floodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187

SAMPLEfloodlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187single-lamp fixtures . . . . . . . .176

SAMPLEsingle-lamp fixtures . . . . . . . .176utility fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

SAMPLEutility fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Walnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

SAMPLEWalnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Walnut-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

SAMPLEWalnut-XLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109Washers

SAMPLEWashers

fender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

SAMPLEfender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86steel, reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

SAMPLEsteel, reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Wiring device plates . . . . .260-268

SAMPLEWiring device plates . . . . .260-268Wiring devices . . . . . .119, 218-268

SAMPLEWiring devices . . . . . .119, 218-268standard colors . . . . . . . . . . .218

SAMPLEstandard colors . . . . . . . . . . .218